Mapeamento de danos em monumento histórico art déco

Abstract

Facade rendering performs various functions in buildings and monuments including aesthetic features, durability and economic value. However, over the years, the constructions and monuments begin to suffer deterioration processes, either by a natural process or caused by unsuccessful intervention actions that trigger the onset of several problems in the building renderings, impairing their functions. In the case of historical buildings and monuments, the situation is even worse, because of the lack of knowledge of materials and techniques employed in implementing them at the time of construction. Thus, this article aims to present a case study held at the Clock Tower, an important art déco monument situated in the city of Goiânia, the capital of the Brazilian state of Goiás. The main objective of the work was to propose a procedure for inspection and mapping of pathological manifestations incident on renderings known as washed plaster. The study has also a contribution towards the discussion of the causes of the problems, as well as a contribution in terms of general corrective measures to the verified pathological manifestations. The final expectation is to contribute to the works on facades and monuments of historical value. To achieve this goal, it was proposed the following methodology: 1) visual inspection for assessment and mapping of pathological manifestations present at the monument; 2) photographic documentation; 3) percussion test to evaluate the state of rendering adhesion; and 4) a testing, by means of pendulum sclerometry, to evaluate the surface hardness of the rendering. As a result, it was found that the monument is deteriorated showing various defects in the rendering, such as a high cracking with dirt stains, rust stains and mortar disintegration. The south and north sides of the tower are those most committed while in the west and east views, especially in the latter, the rendering is still in good conditions.