Incêndios florestais: diagnóstico e evoluções implementadas para combate, Espírito Santo, Brasil

Abstract

Forest fires, increasingly frequent in various regions of the planet, are capable of causing countless damages to society and the environment. In this context, diagnoses and strategic response actions are very important, due to the scarcity of financial, human and logistical resources. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the dynamics of Forest fires in the are a of activity of the 2nd Military Firefighter Battalion, in the State of Espírito Santo, between 2015 and 2019, in order to support appropriate coping strategies. We also sought to describe the advances implemented in response actions in vehicles and equipment, addressing important issues such as weight, maneuverability, range, water consumption and necessary operators. For this, data from the Integrated Operational and Social Defense Center and the National Institute for Space Research were used, the QGIS geoprocessing software was used to prepare maps, and, finally, technical specifications. With 2,364 occurrences, the most attended municipalities were Linhares 1,028 (43.5%), Nova Venécia 529 (22.4%) and Barra de São Francisco 293 (12.4%), with the annual critical period being between August and October (39.7%). Froms at ellite records, there were 758 hot spots, highlighting the municipalities of Linhares 364 (48.28%), Ecoporanga 58 (7.69%) and Nova Venécia 51 (6.76%). Subsequently, the progress made in combat vehicles was discussed, starting with the Auto Bomba Tanque Salvamento, followed by the trucks equipped with the forestry kit and the Auto Bomba Tanque Florestal, emphasizing mainly the advantages and disadvantages in operations. Therefore, relevant information was obtained in this study with the aim of supporting optimized management strategies for responding to such disasters, which are increasingly frequent in the State.