Metodologia filosófica e transformação social: integrando a pedagogia histórico-crítica no ensino de filosofia de Sílvio Gallo

Abstract

This research is situated within the Brazilian educational context, where the aim is to overcome the limitations of traditional pedagogical approaches and promote a more critical and emancipatory education through the teaching of philosophy. The central objective is to investigate the contributions of Dermeval Saviani's Historical-Critical Pedagogy to the teaching of philosophy, based on Silvio Gallo. To achieve this aim, and employing a bibliographic methodological approach, an historical analysis was conducted of the prevailing educational contexts during the main pedagogical trends, examining how educational processes were or are in liberal and progressive trends, their differences, and their proponents. By analyzing the philosophical assumptions of Dermeval Saviani's Historical-Critical Pedagogy, it was possible to understand that this pedagogical trend, unlike Silvio Gallo's teaching methodology, encompasses progressive ideals aimed at working education as a builder of active social agents seeking to transform society through social practice. In this regard, two potential contributions of Historical-Critical Pedagogy to the teaching of philosophy refer to the initial and final social practice, which enriched Silvio Gallo's philosophy teaching methodology, along with catharsis. Another contribution was its philosophical assumptions, which supported a critical and emancipatory education for the teaching of philosophy. It is concluded that Historical-Critical Pedagogy, with its critical, dialectical approach, grounded in social practice, historical-cultural factors, and the promotion of social transformation through intellectual emancipation, provides a theoretical and methodological framework capable of enhancing the teaching of philosophy. By adopting these principles, the teaching of philosophy, based on Silvio Gallo or not, can become a powerful tool for building a more just and equitable society, as education is the best tool for social transformation.