Integrating biodiversity into climate policy: from ecosystem services to food security in Brazil

Abstract

. Biodiversity and food security are often perceived as conflicting objectives, yet they are deeply interdependent through ecological processes. Biodiversity regulates soil quality, water, climate dynamics and ecological processes—such as pollination—thereby influencing food security, economic development, and resilience to climate risks. In Brazil, the conservation of ecosystems and pollination services exemplify how biodiversity underpins key agricultural commodities such as soy and coffee. Aligning biodiversity conservation with climate policy is therefore crucial, particularly in megadiverse countries that are major commodity producers. With COP30 taking place in Brazil, there is a unique opportunity to integrate biodiversity into global climate agendas, strengthen governance and legislation, and attract investment through sustainable frameworks. This perspective emphasizes that protecting biodiversity is not only an environmental priority but also a strategic pathway for food security, climate resilience, and sustainable economic development.