Intra and extra-familial and extra-familial risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection among children hospitalized for diarrhea in Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil
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2002
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A cross-sectional study was conducted for assessing the prevalence of and risk factors associated with
Cryptosporidium parvum in diarrheic children who were hospitalized in Goiânia, capital of Goiás State in Brazil. A
crude prevalence of 14.4% (64 of 445) was observed using a direct immunfluorescent assay (DFA), but the true
prevalence was 18.7% (83 of 445) when a gold standard of immunomagnetic separation was used in combination with
the DFA. Infection was more predominant in children less than 24 months old (odds ratio [OR] ⳱ 0.50, 90% confidence
interval [CI] ⳱ 0.36–0.68, P ⳱ 0.0001), and males were 2.2 times more at risk for infection when compared with females
(OR ⳱ 2.2, 90% CI ⳱ 0.13–3.8, P ⳱ 0.01). The socioeconomic, intra-familial, and environmental factors associated with
cryptosporidiosis were day care attendance, household children with diarrhea up to 30 days prior to the interview,
contact with surface water within past 30 days prior to the interview, dwelling distance from a body of water, and the
late rainy season (P < 0.10). C. parvum was not associated with the parent’s occupation, household sleeping arrange-
ments, number of caregivers, breast-fed children, diet and type of food hygiene, source and type of treatment of drinking
water, presence of sewage, and animal exposure (P > 0.10). Although weight was not found to be associated with
infection, children infected with C. parvum weighed on average 2.0% less than children not infected with C. parvum
(P > 0.10). Thus, C. parvum is an important etiologic agent of childhood diarrhea and should be identified in routine
parasitologic tests of diarrheal stool samples.
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PEREIRA, Maria das Graças Cabral et al. Intra and extra-familial and extra-familial risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection among children hospitalized for diarrhea in Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Baltimore, v. 66, n. 6, p. 787-793, 2002.