Estratégias nanobiotecnológicas para tratamento da artrite reumatoide: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune pathology characterized by a chronic inflammatory process that affects the synovial tissue of the joints, significantly compromising the quality and life expectancy of patients. Conventional treatment, composed of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids (GCs), conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), targeted synthetic DMARDs, and biological DMARDs, faces considerable challenges. These include the high cost associated with the development of biological agents, frequent administration and high doses, severe adverse events due to lack of specificity and non-selective immunosuppression, low efficacy in some patients, short half-life of drugs, and limited understanding of the mechanisms of action of DMARDs. In this scenario, nanotechnology emerges as a promising approach to address the limitations of conventional treatment. It offers new perspectives by providing specificity to the joints through active and passive targeting strategies, overcoming challenges such as increased dose, administration frequency, and associated adverse effects. Therefore, this review explores different approaches of nanoparticle delivery systems, including polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, and metallic nanoparticles, highlighting their strategies and outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis models.