Desenvolvimento urbano sustentável e planejamento ambiental: impactos da expansão urbana e provisão habitacional na recente crise hídrica que atinge a RM de Goiânia
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2018
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Cet article présente une analyse de la question des politiques de durabilité environnementale et développement urbain mises en œuvre à Goiânia, à partir de la première expérience d'aménagement du territoire mise au point avec le transfert de la capitale de Goiás (1930) à nos jours, visant à réfléchir sur la portée et l'efficacité des directives établies, l'adoption d'outils de planification environnementale et les défis à relever pour une gestion urbaine efficace. Pour ce faire, il commence par une brève revue du débat théorique sur les différentes interprétations du concept de "nature" et de ses interactions avec l'homme. Il discute l'intensification de l'impact de la crise environnementale de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, l'application de l'approche systémique dans le contexte de la géographie et les nouveaux outils pour le traitement des problèmes qui se posent, ainsi que l'émergence de la planification environnementale. Il enregistre la montée des « tensions » et des intérêts antagonistes derrière le concept de développement durable et de son évolution dans les négociations et les accords dans les instances internationales clés, mettant davantage l'accent sur le Nouvel Agenda Urbain (ONU-Habitat III) et les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement Durable (jusqu'en 2030). Et enfin, il analyse l'image globale de l'urbanisation brésilienne, en se concentrant sur le cas spécifique de la région métropolitaine de Goiânia, qui enregistre une expansion urbaine accélérée, un faible contrôle sur l'utilisation et l'occupation des terres et une forte action des promoteurs immobiliers dans la production de l'environnement urbain construit, responsable de la dégradation des deux principales sources d'approvisionnement en eau (Meia Ponte et João Leite) et la récente crise de pénurie d'eau qui affecte sa population.
This paper presents an analysis on the environmental sustainability issue and the urban development policies implemented in Goiânia, from the first territorial planning experience developed with the transfer of the capital of Goiás (1930s) to the present, aiming to reflect on the scope and effectiveness of guidelines established, the adoption of environmental planning instruments, and the challenges to efficient urban management. Therefore, part of a brief review of the theoretical debate about the different interpretations of the concept "nature" and its interactions with man. Discusses the impacts of the intensification of the environmental crisis from the second half of the twentieth century, the application of the systemic approach in geography and the new tools for the treatment of the problems caused, as well as the emergence of environmental planning. Records the recurrence of "tensions" and antagonistic interests behind the concept of sustainable development and its evolution in the negotiations and agreements established in the main international forums, gaining greater emphasis on the New Urban Agenda (UN-HABITAT III) and the target of the Sustainable Development Objectives (until 2030). Finally, analyzes the overall picture of Brazilian urbanization, focusing on the specific case of the metropolitan area of Goiânia, which records accelerated urban sprawl, scant control over land use and occupation and strong performance of real estate developers in the production of urban built environment, impacting on the degradation of its two main water supply sources (Meia Ponte and João Leite River) and the recent crisis of scarcity water that affects its population.
This paper presents an analysis on the environmental sustainability issue and the urban development policies implemented in Goiânia, from the first territorial planning experience developed with the transfer of the capital of Goiás (1930s) to the present, aiming to reflect on the scope and effectiveness of guidelines established, the adoption of environmental planning instruments, and the challenges to efficient urban management. Therefore, part of a brief review of the theoretical debate about the different interpretations of the concept "nature" and its interactions with man. Discusses the impacts of the intensification of the environmental crisis from the second half of the twentieth century, the application of the systemic approach in geography and the new tools for the treatment of the problems caused, as well as the emergence of environmental planning. Records the recurrence of "tensions" and antagonistic interests behind the concept of sustainable development and its evolution in the negotiations and agreements established in the main international forums, gaining greater emphasis on the New Urban Agenda (UN-HABITAT III) and the target of the Sustainable Development Objectives (until 2030). Finally, analyzes the overall picture of Brazilian urbanization, focusing on the specific case of the metropolitan area of Goiânia, which records accelerated urban sprawl, scant control over land use and occupation and strong performance of real estate developers in the production of urban built environment, impacting on the degradation of its two main water supply sources (Meia Ponte and João Leite River) and the recent crisis of scarcity water that affects its population.
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Sustentabilidade, Desenvolvimento urbano, Políticas públicas, Região metropolitana de Goiânia, Sustainability, Urban development, Public policy, Metropolitan region of Goiânia, Durabilité, Développement urbain, Politiques publiques, Région métropolitaine de Goiânia
Citação
BORGES, Elcileni de Melo; CUNHA, Débora Ferreira da; COSTA, Eduarda Marques da; BARREIRA, Celene Cunha Antunes Monteiro. Desenvolvimento urbano sustentável e planejamento ambiental: impactos da expansão urbana e provisão habitacional na recente crise hídrica que atinge a RM de Goiânia. Confins, Paris, n. 38, 2018.