Chemical characterization and pharmacological assessment of polysaccharide free, standardized cashew gum extract (Anacardium occidentale L.)
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2018-11-21
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Ethnopharmacological relevance: The cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale L.) is used in traditional Brazilian
medicine in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, asthma, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disturbances.
Aim of the study: In the present study, we aimed at forming a chemical characterization and investigation of the
antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of cashew gum without the presence of
polysaccharides in its composition (CGE).
Materials and methods: The CGE was obtained after the precipitation and removal of polysaccharides through the
use of acetone. After, the acetone was removed by rotaevaporation, and the concentrated extract was lyophilized. The chemical characterization of CGE was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses. Mice were used for the evaluation of the antinociceptive
and anti-inflammatory activities. CGE was analyzed via the Irwin test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin-induced pain test, and carrageenan-induced paw edema test. The motor activity or probable sedation was
verified through the chimney, open-field, and sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep tests. We investigated if the
analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of CGE depend of reduction in PGE2 levels, were performed the carrageenan or PGE2-induced hyperalgesia tests.
Results: The chemical characterization of CGE showed the presence of anacardic acids as the predominant
phytoconstituents. The treatment with CGE (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the number of writhing in a
dose-dependent manner. With an intermediate dose, CGE did not cause motor impairment with the chimney test
or alterations in either the open-field or sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep. In the formalin-induced pain test,
CGE (150 mg/kg, p.o.) produced an antinociceptive effect only in the first phase of the test, suggesting antiinflammatory activity. With the same dosage, CGE also reduced the carrageenan-induced paw edema at all hours
of the test, confirming its anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, CGE (150 mg/kg, p.o.) presented an antihyperalgic effect at all hours of the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia test. However, this dose of CGE was not
able to reduce the hyperalgesia induced by PGE2, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect of this extract
depends on the reduction in the PGE2 levels.
Conclusion: The anacardic acids are the predominant phytoconstituents identified in the CGE. The action mechanisms of CGE suggest the reduction in the PGE2 levels. These findings support the use of cashew gum in
popular medicine and demonstrate that part of its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects should also be
attributed to the presence of anacardic acids in its composition, independent of the presence of polysaccharides.
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Palavras-chave
Cashew gum, Anacardic acid, Anti-inflammatory activity, Anti-hiperalgesic activity
Citação
SILVA, Daiany Priscilla Bueno da et al. Chemical characterization and pharmacological assessment of polysaccharide free, standardized cashew gum extract ( Anacardium occidentale L.). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Amsterdam, v. 213, p. 395-402, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.021. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874117327034?via%3Dihub. Acesso em: 21 jun. 2023.