Electrochemical determination of carbendazim in grapes and their derivatives by an ionic liquid-modified carbon paste electrode

Abstract

A novel electrochemical sensor containing an ionic liquid carbon paste electrode was synthesized to determine carbendazim in grape samples. The 2-hydroxy ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA) was used as a modifier in the paste for electrode fabrication (2-HEAA-CPE), conferring higher detectability of the analyte compared to the unmodified electrode. The electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry in which the carbon paste electrode containing 10% of 2-hydroxy ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA) was selected for the determination of carbendazim by Adsorptive Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (AdDPSV). In optimal conditions for AdDPSV of carbendazim, the Dynamic Linear Response (DLR) of the method ranged from 0.009 to 0.476 µmol L−1, whereas the limits of detection and quantification were 1.69 nmol L−1 and 5.63 nmol L−1, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility of the method produced relative standard deviations of 5.96% and 5.63%, respectively, and the recovery ranged from 89.0 to 100.6%, indicating the method can be successfully applied to determine CBZ in wine, grape mash, and grape juice. The synthesis of the electrode only takes a few steps and requires a simple pretreatment, making it a promising alternative to detecting pesticide residues in food samples.