A survey of adulterants used to cut cocaine in samples seized in the Espírito Santo State by GC–MS allied to chemometric tools

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dc.creatorSouza, Lindamara Maria de
dc.creatorRodrigues, Rayza Rosa Tavares
dc.creatorSantos, Heloa
dc.creatorCosta, Helber Barcellos da
dc.creatorMerlo, Bianca Bortolini
dc.creatorFilgueiras, Paulo Roberto
dc.creatorAugusti, Rodinei
dc.creatorVaz, Boniek Gontijo
dc.creatorRomão, Wanderson
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-09T11:50:41Z
dc.date.available2023-08-09T11:50:41Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractCocaine is a stimulant drug of the central nervous system (CNS) extracted from the leaves of Erytroxylum coca. It is defined as a tropane alkaloid containing 1R-(exo,exo)-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid methyl esther. However, despite its defined composition, a wide variety of chemical additives are present in cocaine found in the illicit market, such as benzocaine, lidocaine, caffeine, procaine and phenacetin. In this work, 512 cocaine samples seized by the Civil Police of Espirito Santo state (PC-ES, Brazil) were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) allied to principal component analysis (PCA) in order to classify the samples as a function of seizure year (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012) and location (metropolitan, north, south and central). The cocaine content (wt.%) and its adulterants were also estimated. Analyzing the samples seized between 2008 and 2011, three sample sets are clearly grouped according to the degree of adulteration with caffeine and lidocaine: 100–50 wt.% of cocaine; 50–20 wt.% of cocaine; and 20–80 wt.% of lidocaine and 60–80 wt.% of caffeine, simultaneously. The last group is formed by samples seized between 2008 and 2009, which proves the higher degree of adulteration during this period. In 2012, higher cocaine content was observed for the 191 analyzed samples than in samples from previous years. The PCA data also suggests that the metropolitan region samples had a higher degree of adulteration than the state countryside samples.pt_BR
dc.identifier.citationSOUZA, Lindamara M. de et al. A survey of adulterants used to cut cocaine in samples seized in the Espírito Santo State by GC-MS allied to chemometric tools. Science & Justice, Amsterdam, v. 56, n. 2, p. 73-79, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2015.11.006. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1355030615001409?via%3Dihub.pt_BR
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scijus.2015.11.006
dc.identifier.issn1355-0306
dc.identifier.issne- 1876-4452
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1355030615001409?via%3Dihub
dc.language.isoengpt_BR
dc.publisher.countryHolandapt_BR
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Química - IQ (RMG)pt_BR
dc.rightsAcesso Restritopt_BR
dc.titleA survey of adulterants used to cut cocaine in samples seized in the Espírito Santo State by GC–MS allied to chemometric toolspt_BR
dc.typeArtigopt_BR

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