Genome diversity, recombination, and virulence across the major lineages of Paracoccidioides
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2016
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The Paracoccidioides genus includes two species of thermally dimorphic
fungi that cause paracoccidioidomycosis, a neglected health-threatening human sys temic mycosis endemic to Latin America. To examine the genome evolution and the
diversity of Paracoccidioides spp., we conducted whole-genome sequencing of 31
isolates representing the phylogenetic, geographic, and ecological breadth of the
genus. These samples included clinical, environmental and laboratory reference
strains of the S1, PS2, PS3, and PS4 lineages of P. brasiliensis and also isolates of
Paracoccidioides lutzii species. We completed the first annotated genome assemblies
for the PS3 and PS4 lineages and found that gene order was highly conserved
across the major lineages, with only a few chromosomal rearrangements. Comparing
whole-genome assemblies of the major lineages with single-nucleotide polymor phisms (SNPs) predicted from the remaining 26 isolates, we identified a deep split of
the S1 lineage into two clades we named S1a and S1b. We found evidence for
greater genetic exchange between the S1b lineage and all other lineages; this may
reflect the broad geographic range of S1b, which is often sympatric with the re maining, largely geographically isolated lineages. In addition, we found evidence of
positive selection for the GP43 and PGA1 antigen genes and genes coding for other
secreted proteins and proteases and lineage-specific loss-of-function mutations in
cell wall and protease genes; these together may contribute to virulence and host
immune response variation among natural isolates of Paracoccidioides spp. These in sights into the recent evolutionary events highlight important differences between
the lineages that could impact the distribution, pathogenicity, and ecology of Para coccidioides
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MUÑOZ, José F et al. Genome diversity, recombination, and virulence across the major lineages of Paracoccidioides. mSphere, Washington, v. 1, n. 5, e00213-16, 2016. DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00213-16. Disponível em: https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/msphere.00213-16?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org. Acesso em: 25 nov. 2024.