Defining the target population of environments (TPE) for enviromics studies using R-based GIS tools

Abstract

We present an R-based function for defining TPE as GIS-polygons, intended for use in enviromics studies. It offers customizable parameters, such as pixel size, buffer boundaries, and concavity, providing enhanced flexibility for G×E analysis. This tool optimizes genotypic, envirotypic, and spatial assessments, serving as a powerful resource for breeding research.