Caracterização de grãos de girassol (Hellianthus annuus L.) ao longo do período de colheita em dois municípios do estado de Goiás

Abstract

The domestic consumption of sunflower oil, in Brazil, went up 657% in the period of 1993/96 and Goiás is the major producer, with 70.5% of the 1999 national production. The cultivation of the sunflower seed is becoming more important and there are no studies about the quality of the grain. Therefore, there is a need to gather information about the characteristics of the grain harvested. The goal of this study is to collect data from two storage units (Montividiu and Chapadão do Céu counties), which receive most the state of Goiás’ production. The average moisture content, percentage of impurity and percentage of burned grains from Montividiu were 9%, 2.5% and 1%, and from Chapadão do Céu were 10.3%, 4.1% and 3.3%, respectively. The temperature was between 17.5° and 22°C in the Montividiu unit and between 7° and 23.5°C in the Chapadão do Ceu unit. The relative humidity was between 37% and 71.5% in Montividiu and between 38.5% and 80.5% in Chapadão do Céu. The grain sample collected showed 21.9% protein and 35.6% oil. In the sample, 790 CFU of fungi were encountered per gram of product, with 86% Cladosporium fungus, 0.9% of Fusarium and 0.4% of Penicillium. One sample of sunflower residue had 8.6% humidity, 16.3% protein and 7.5% oil. In the counting and identification of fungi, 2.5 x 10³ CFU of fungi were encountered per gram of residue, with 57% Fusarium fungus and 43% Penicillium fungus. The observed characteristics of moisture content, percentage of impurity and percentage of burned grains are in accordance with quality standards.