The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector
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2013-06
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Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical
malaria vector, responsible for more than a million
cases of malaria per year on the American contin-
ent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African
and Asian malaria vectors 100 million years ago
(mya) and successfully adapted to the New World
environment. Here we present an annotated refer-
ence A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild
population of males and females collected in the
Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of
which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles
gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other
mosquito species. In spite of a long period of diver-
gent evolution, conserved gene synteny was
observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae.
More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorph-
isms and short indels with potential use as genetic
markers were identified. Transposable elements
correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome.
Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity
and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vector–human and vector–parasite interactions,
were identified and discussed. This study repre-
sents the first effort to sequence the genome of a
neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new
window through which we can contemplate the evo-
lutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also
provides valuable information that may lead to
novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on
the South American continent. The A. darlingi
genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.
php/anopheles-darlingi.
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MARINOTTI, Osvaldo et al. The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector. Nucleic Acids Research, Oxford, v. 41, n. 15, p. 7387–7400, Jun. 2013.