Intervenções farmacêuticas na adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral: uma revisão sistematizada da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents an important milestone in the history of medicine and global public health, and the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) depends directly on adequate treatment adherence. However, reducing non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy remains one of the main challenges in HIV management and is directly associated with drug resistance, increased morbidity and mortality, and higher costs to the healthcare system. In this context, the role of the pharmacist stands out as a key factor in increasing levels of adherence to ART. Objective: To systematically synthesize the evidence regarding the impact of pharmacist-led interventions aimed at increasing adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Methodology: This is a systematized literature review in which searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS databases, including identification and screening of studies, application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and standardized data extraction. Results: A total of 11,985 studies were identified, with 914 duplicates excluded, resulting in 11,071 studies screened. These underwent Recommendation Tests 1 and 2, from which 464 advanced to the final selection stage, consisting of full-text reading and evaluation against the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ultimately, 22 studies published between 2016 and 2026 were included and had their data extracted. Discussion: The studies demonstrated a positive impact of pharmaceutical interventions on adherence to ART, with improvement in viral suppression rates, reduction of drug-related problems, and strengthening of the bond between users and health services. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the clinical role of the pharmacist can contribute to strengthening adherence to antiretroviral treatment and to improving the quality of care for people living with HIV.