Tecnologias aplicadas aos motores convencionais para redução da emissão de poluentes atmosféricos no setor de transportes

Abstract

The automotive sector, one of the largest contributors to atmospheric pollutant emissions, faces a growing challenge in the search for more sustainable energy alternatives. This article addresses technological innovations in the development of vehicles with lower environmental impacts, focusing on solutions to reduce pollutant emissions. It analyzes motorization technologies, including high-efficiency internal combustion engines, and explores the growing role of renewable fuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel. The transition to electric vehicles is also discussed, highlighting its advantages in terms of reducing emissions, but also the limitations associated with charging infrastructure and battery production. The objective of this work is, therefore, to identify which technological improvements can be applied to conventional engines used in transportation systems in order to mitigate atmospheric pollutant emissions. The method adopted is an integrative bibliographic review of the literature found in the CAPES Journal Portal, the USP Journal Portal, Google Scholar and SCIELO. Technologies already used in conventional engines were studied: automotive catalysts, start-stop systems and diesel particle filters. Added to this are the impacts of the transition to a more sustainable automotive industry, with the use of biofuels and the encouragement of the use of electric vehicles.