Portable proportional-integral-derivative controlled chambers for giant unilamellar vesicles electroformation
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2019
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Liposomes are widely used as a cellular membrane model and may be obtained spontaneously when lipids with cylindrical structure are exposed to an aqueous environment. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) have diameters greater than 1 μm and allow obtaining mechanical information spatially resolved at the level of single vesicle. Such structures, have been explored as the main types of models for the study of membrane heterogeneity. The production of GUVs is obtained through the exposure of lipid films to an aqueous solution in the presence of electric fields and stable temperature. This process is called electroformation. This study proposes a novel system to provide a complete automated electroformation process using special chambers. A prototype based on a embedded electronic system was developed to generate and control the desired field frequency and amplitude. Thermoelectric pellets with adequate heat dissipation associated with a thermistor clamped into the electroformation chambers were used to control the temperature. As results, images of confocal fluorescence microscope show that the automated process obtained through the proposed prototype using a standard electroformation protocol produced GUVs with a mean diameter of (5.1 ± 0.6) μm. Furthermore, the Peltier circuit was adequate to maintain the chamber at a controlled temperature during prolonged experiments and the use of micro-controllers made the system compact, in addition to ensuring a more stable temperature and AC field regime with immediate feedback from the sensors.
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SANTOS, Juracy Leandro dos; MENDANHA, Sebastião Antônio; VIEIRA, Sílvio Leão; GONCALVES, Cristhiane. Portable proportional-integral-derivative controlled chambers for giant unilamellar vesicles electroformation. Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express, Bristol, v. 5, n. 4, e047002, 2019. DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab1a1b. Disponível em: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2057-1976/ab1a1b. Acesso em: 26 maio 2023.