Risk factors associated with high blood pressure in two- to five-year-old children

Abstract

Background: Over recent decades, the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) has increased among children. Several risk factors are involved in the genesis of high BP during childhood, and their early identification can prevent the development of that disease. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of high BP and associated factors in children. Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study, carried out at the household. This study included 276 two- to five-year-old children in the city of Goiânia, state of Goiás, and assessed their BP, sociodemographic characteristics, birth weight, high BP family history, passive smoking, maternal breastfeeding, dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle and nutritional status. Poisson regression was used to assess the association between risk factors and high BP. Results: Their mean age was 3.1 ± 0.79 years, and high BP and overweight were observed in 19.9% and 11.2% of the children, respectively. Direct association of high BP was identified with age [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.3; 95%CI: 1.2 – 4.8; p = 0.017] and overweight (PR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.2 – 3.6; p = 0.014). No other variable associated with high BP. Conclusions: The prevalence of high BP in children was high. Overweight and younger children had greater prevalence of high BP.