Tropeços da igualdade no caminho da natureza à civilidade
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2023-06-28
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The subject of equality has been addressed throughout the Enlightenment era in conjunction with the theme of freedom. However, in contrast with freedom, equality was usually considered a mere condition for something else, rather than an end to be sought for its own sake. This treatment, which almost made equality a necessary evil, required a series of restrictions that turned to be stumbling blocks in the way of its realization, bringing about a new series of inequalities among the members of a State. The stumbling blocks to be discussed here concern the difference between the natural and inherent equality of human beings and the socially and politically constructed civil equality, which is evident in the path taken by Rousseau's Second Discourse. In that Discourse, each person naturally had the same conditions to live completely independent of any assistance by the others. But, once they began to gather and the singularity of each person became apparent to the fellows, the comparisons and preferences distinguishing a person from others started. The path from distinctions to inequality is short because public esteem presupposes a valuation judgment of the abilities that deserve to be honored by all and, as a consequence, the making of distinctions among the honored and powerful and those who must honor and obey. Socialization, then, seems to create inequality. Our purpose here will be, initially, to investigate the path of (in)equality between nature and society based on the Second Discourse, in order to examine, within the scope of the Social Contract, the possibility of civil equality and its relationship with freedom.
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Singularidade, Preferências, Desigualdade, Igualdade, Liberdade, Singularity, Preferences, Inequality, Equality, Freedom
Citação
REIS, Helena Esser dos. Tropeços da igualdade no caminho da natureza à civilidade. Philósophos, Goiânia, v. 28, n. 1, p. 1-20, jan./jun. 2023. DOI: 10.5216/phi.v28i1.76059. Disponível em: https://revistas.ufg.br/philosophos/article/view/76059/39975. Acesso em: 26 dez. 2023.