Mestrado em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente (EEC)
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Item Avaliação do saneamento ambiental em assentamentos de reforma agrária utilizando o Método de Análise Hierárquica de processos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-13) Barros, Elaine Franciely dos Santos; Baumann, Luis Rodrigo Fernandes; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Baumann, Luis Rodrigo Fernandes; Hora, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro; Bernardes, Ricardo SilveiraThe absence or disability of environmental sanitation systems causes serious environmental and social problems . Large portion of the population lives in poor sanitation, primarily those living in rural areas . This fact tailpiece directly to agrarian reform , where the absence of public policies directed to this aspect , lack of technical assistance and insufficient funds for the construction of housing, makes many residents adopt techniques and improper practices that harm your health and the environment . The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental sanitation conditions in agrarian reform settlements using the Analytic Hierarchy Process ( AHP ) . The method was structured for the analysis of environmental sanitation in rural areas , establishing a hierarchical structure considering the aspects related to sanitation and socioeconomic conditions , determining the weights of criteria through analysis of interviews with experts in the field and elaboration of the form data collection . The application form was held in February 2013 in settlements in the region Pinga - Fogo , municipality of Miners , and settlement Don Carmelo , Caiapônia municipality , both in the state of Goiás After application form , which determined the weights of each criterion analyzed in the area , went to the processing and determination of local priorities and global settlement of each and comparing them . The AHP method allowed visited lots of hierarchy according to the conditions of each sub-criterion (water supply , sewerage and solid waste ) and analysis criteria ( sanitation and socioeconomic conditions ) for settlement and then comparing them . Besides having to prioritization of lots , it was possible to diagnose which were the main criteria for interference in local conditions , which allows for better targeting and prioritization of actions aimed at improving sanitation and hence the quality of life of local community . According to the results, the settlements of the region Pinga - Fogo had better conditions in all sub-criteria and criteria examined , compared with the settlement Don Carmelo.Item Determinação do índice de qualidade da água tratada distribuída aos municípios do estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-11-08) Fernandes, Neemias Cintra; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0957896448117207; Scalize, Paulo Sérgio; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Cuba, Renata Medici Frayne; Galvão Jr, Alceu de CastroIndividual evaluation of the results of each one of the physical, chemical and biological parameters monitored for quality control of water distributed to the population is an activity hampered by the great diversity and quantity of data generated by the analysis. Determinations of water quality indices (WQI) has been used to convert a series of data of water quality in a single number, able to represent a simple and objective way, the water quality as whole. Aimed at obtaining WQIs of the 224 municipalities in Goiás, that have supply systems operated by state sanitation company (SANEAGO), this study investigated data on physical-chemical and microbiological tests, performed according to methods described in Standard Methods, in samples supply water collected during two years (oct., 2011 to aug., 2013) and, by the Canadian method known as CWQI (Canadian water Quality Index), determined the WQI of each one of 224 municipalities evaluated, and also determined the WQI referent to geographical microregions and mesoregions of Goiás, allowing the spatialization of results in maps of the state of Goiás. The evaluation concluded that 97.8% of municipalities in Goiás, which water supply systems are operated by SANEAGO, have WQI categorized as 'Excellent' or 'Good', compared with 2.2% of municipalities categorized as 'Regular' or ‘Bad’. The spatial distribution of the results led to the conclusion that, at the end of the study period, the mesoregion Center classified as 'Excellent' in terms of WQI, while mesoregions East, Northwest, North and South are classified as 'Good'.Item Avaliação da qualidade ambiental da paisagem da bacia hidrográfica e do reservatório do ribeirão João Leite(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-07-09) Oliveira, Wellington Nunes de; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630The land use and cover analysis is one fundamental phase for performing the strategic planning on conservation and management of a watershed. This study aims to analyze the landscape of João Leite stream watershed, located in the Goiás state, on northwest of the Goiânia city, by using geoprocessing tools, as Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing, in order to provide input to generate a environmental diagnosis. In an analysis performed using multitemporal satellite images TM/Landsat-5 between the years 1985 to 2011 showed that in watershed of João Leite stream occurred a decrease in the area of remnant native vegetation in 7,4%. Among municipalities that compose the watershed, Anápolis had the most suppression of these areas (11.1%). The results of this analysis can be used by sectors dealing with environmental management because the vegetation degradation has direct influences the environmental quality of the watershed landscape. This study also permitted an evaluation of different scenarios in estimating sediments production in the reservoir supply and João Leite stream watershed using the hydrosedimentological SWAT model, which showed that among the proposed scenarios, when occur the preservation and recovering the native vegetation, also occur a lower value in sediment production in the watershed. Concerning the estimation of sediment production was also used PRISM/ALOS and TM/Landsat-5 satellite images with spatial resolutions respectively of 2,5 and 30 meters, the result of this estimate considering the two simulations showed that it occurred proportionally in the watershed, and the highest values were found almost in the same sub-basins, which demonstrated that the variation between the results was minimal.Item Planejamento urbano da bacia do córrego Samambaia (Goiânia-GO) utilizando o SWMM - Storm Water Management Model(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-08-09) Rocha, Nayda; Hora, Karla Emannuela Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6451685640638572; Araújo, José Vicente Granato de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2401010575058480The effect of urbanization and insufficient supervision of the use of natural resources by the government has led to increasing degradation of the environment in Brazil. This can be seen by the suppression of riparian vegetation, which is essential for the survival and maintenance of the quality of water sources. In this sense, the actions of development of land, housing provision and sanitation in Brazil must have, among other objectives, to ensure an environment conducive to ecosystems and human life support. This research aimed to identify the characteristics of occupation of Córrego Samambaia Basin in Goiânia, used for public water supply, correlating land use with hydrological processes. The methodology adopted consisted in: identifying the theoretical framework from literature and choose a basin to develop a case study; select and gather information from the object of study contained in published documents, restricted texts, satellite imagery, site visits, to generate the necessary data for modeling, and apply the hydrologic model Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) in three distinct periods and three proposed scenarios to understand the hydrological responses in the study area due to different levels of human occupation. The results obtained with this research indicate that the hydrological watershed responses can vary widely if the waterproofing process continue to increase. Results shown that between 1992 (with impervious area of 7%) and the proposed Scenario 3 (with impervious area of 70%) the increase in runoff is approximately 24 times while the infiltration becomes 70% smaller. If the basin achieves an index greater than 50% of impervious area, it will probably become unviable for public supply purposes. In order to preserve the watershed for its main purpose to continue supplying the municipality this study proposes an appropriated urban planning, with the construction of a Linear Park along the creek and the adoption of new levels of urban occupation. This planning model may be used in other urban basins, taking into account the characteristics of each site.Item Tratamento dos resíduos de fossas e tanques sépticos em um sistema de alagado construído(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-03-31) Siqueira, Elisa Rodrigues; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455447665040845; Almeida, Rogério de Araújo; Carvalho, Eraldo Henriques de; Griebeler, Nori PauloDue to the lack of public sewer service in the country, Individual and Household Sewage Disposal Treatment Systems (SITDE) are still widely used in Brazil. The SITDE require cleaning maintenance and at the time of execution of this cleaning occurs the generation of the called Pit and Septic Tanks Waste (RFTS). This material has high load of pollutants and presence of pathogenic organisms and must be properly designed to ensure the quality of the environment and safeguard public health. In this context, low cost and potential for deployment in small settlements technologies emerge as an alternative of treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the Constructed Wetlands System (SAC) with the Vetiver plant species (Chrysopogon zizanioides) in the treatment of the liquid fraction of the RFTS. An experimental system was built with the deployment of two identical tanks. One tank received the vegetation and the other operated as a control treatment. The tanks were filled with a substrate consisting of gravel # 0, gravel # 1 and medium sand. The constructed wetland system (SAC) acted under a descending vertical subsurface flow and RFTS was applied on the system under batch, remaining in the tanks for a period of six (6) days. The RFTS influent to the treatment system was characterized according to the parameters of pH, total oil and grease, ammonia nitrogen, settleable solids, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, surface, solid fixed solids, volatile solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and total phosphorus. The RFTS treated by SAC was analyzed according to the same parameters and the results were compared with the stipulations for disposition in water bodies of class 2, according to Resolution 430/2011 of Conama and Goiás State Decree 1.745/1979. The attributes removal efficiency was calculated considering the phenomenon of evapotranspiration, which showed an average rate of 38.11% in the SAC. The tributary RFTS system showed a great variability in the concentrations of the attributes. The results were subjected to F test (5% probability). Statistically, the only differed treatments between the tank vegetated and the tank control was removal of BOD which was more effective WS with the average removal of 86.80 %, while the tank control showed an average increase of 65.94 %. The average concentrations output WS met the requirements under federal and state law , except for E. coli showed an average outlet concentration can change the class of the receptor. Statistically, the treatments (vegetated tank and control tank) differed only for the BOD removal, which was more effective for the SAC, with the average removal of 86.80%, while the tank control showed an average increase of 65.94%. The average concentrations of SAC output attended the provided by the federal and state laws or release in Class 2 water.Item Modelo hidrológico distribuído unidimensional para bacias hidrográficas peri-urbanas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-04-30) Souza, Rávila Marques de; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0787413754235970; Soares, Alexandre Kepler; Vasco, Joel; Milograna, JussanãThis study aimed to develop and calibrate a distributed hydrological model used for a one-dimensional drainage of a peri-urban catchment using the optimization multi-objective method Non -dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA - II) for model calibration. Computational algorithms developed in MATLAB environment were adopted to make this study possible. This model allows a precipitation event to set the surface runoff hydrograph at any position of the watershed (planes or channels) regarding infiltration effect and soil physical characteristics. Objective functions were defined and used simultaneously to calibrate the model. From sensitivity analysis performed, it was found that the model is more affected by the parameters related to permeable areas. The model fit was very good, illustrating the applicability of multi-objective calibration in exploring ideal area and to obtain ideal solutions. Validation proved the efficiency of the model used for other different rainfall events in Samambaia stream basin, generating outputs with good accuracy and optimal theoretical value results for Nash & Sutcliffe coefficients of efficiency near the area region.