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Item Avaliação do mercado de peixes ornamentais em Goiânia e região metropolitana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-06-28) Araujo, Rafael Martins de; Oliveira, Kellen de Sousa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336024339176888; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Mello, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/551096516635207; Paula, Fernanda Gomes de; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Mello, Heloisa Helena de CarvalhoThe objective was to study the production chain of ornamental fish, addressing the retail and consumer trade in Goiânia and the metropolitan area. In general, the variables that characterize the production, trade, marketing chain and the rearing of ornamental fish were analyzed. Questionnaires applied online were used for aquarist practitioners, shopkeepers and producers, and responses were obtained from 82 individuals who fall into the category of aquarism practitioners, 25 shopkeepers and 32 producers. The relationships between the variables were analyzed by the chi-square test, considering 0.05 of significance. The results were compared and evaluated through the confidence interval and highlighted those who had interest within the ornamental fish market. Those individuals who responded as producers demonstrated that they started producing only by hobbie (51.4%) and, with demand growing, their production increased. Shopkeepers, mostly representing pet shops, agricultural shops and water shops have little control of water quality (62.5% of the stores), as well as the watercolor practitioners who, although they have knowledge about water quality (62.3% of the individuals), are few who make this type of evaluation (41.9%). Thus, it was found that, for the most part, the ornamental fish market of Goiânia and the metropolitan region do not actually perform the verification and control of water quality in their places of rearing or selling, either due to lack of knowledge or incentive.Item Nitrato encapsulado na suplementação para novilhos de corte em pastejo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-10-02) Berti, Guilherme Felipe; Silva, Maurícia Brandão da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9608210292530980; Fernandes, Juliano José Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4329309889502866; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; Barbosa, Analívia Martins; Araújo, Rafael Canonenco deThe present work evaluated the effects of the partial replacement of soybean meal with encapsulated nitrate in suplemented grazing beef cattle diets. The experimental design was a cross-over, conducted in two consecutive periods of 21 days each. Eight crossbred steers (average body of 345 kg), castrated, fitted with ruminal cannula were distributed in two treatments: Control - multiple supplement based on soybean meal, without nitrate; and NE - supplement with encapsulated nitrate (5% on the concentrate dry matter), replacing soybean meal. Each animal were daily supplemented with 1.0% of his body weight. The data were analyzed using mixed models, using the MIXED procedure of the SAS program and comparisons between treatments were made using the F test, at the level of 5% probability. The total dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected (P = 0.459), as well as the forage DMI (P = 0.906). However, a decreae of the concentrate DMI rate (% body weight) was observed (from 0.92% to 0.88%) (P = 0.024). Control and EN animals showed higher concentrate intake during three hours after feed, however EN had lower and slower consumption throughout the day. The use of EN did not change the digestibility of the dry matter (P = 0.090), as well as the digestibility of the crude protein (P = 0.160), neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.122) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (P = 0.872), but decreased the ether extract digestibility from 68.81% to 61.21% (P <0.05). The EN decreased butyrate (P <0.01) and valerate rates (P <0.0095) 9 hours after feeding. There was no effect of EN on propionate (P> 0.1215) and total AGCC rates (P> 0.8620), whereas EN increased the total acetate rates 3, 6 and 12 hours after supplementation (P <0.0018). There was no effect of EN on the ruminal NH3 concentration (P> 0.5845). In summary, EN provides lower palatability to concentrate diets, maybe increasing the time spent in the trough throughout a day, but did not decreases the dry matter intake of suplemented grazing cattles.Item Terminação de vacas e novilhas com diferentes períodos de confinamento(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-08) Brandão, Bruno Monteiro; Nuñez, Amoracyr José Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9646810846757315; Restle, João; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7559938697233077; Restle, João; Okada, Eliane Sayuri Miyagi; Bilego, Ubirajara de OliveiraThe performance, carcass and meat characteristics and economic viability of Nellore cows and heifers feedlot finished during 40 or 60 days were evaluated. The experimental design used was completely randomized with treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with two female categories and two confinement periods. Twenty-two cows with 74.3 months and 22 heifers with 20.4 months were used. The experimental diet included corn silage and concentrate containing 18% CP and 74% NDT. In the 21-days adaptation period, cows showed much lower performance. The food consumption expressed as a percentage of body weight was higher in heifers, with average daily weight gain of 821 and 938 g, while cows practically maintained their weight with average daily weight gain of 62 and -291 g. Heifers were more efficient in feed conversion during adaptation. After the adaptation period, cows showed greater average daily weight gain, with similar feed conversion to heifers. The cold carcass yield was higher (p<0.04) in heifers, which also showed greater subcutaneous fat thickness (P<0.01) with the 40-day finishing, but with no difference to the 60-day finishing. The increase in the feedlot period provided a higher marbling content (P<0.01) in the Longissimus lumborum muscle in both categories, the increase being more evident in cows. The net profit from finishing the heifers was 47.2% higher (P<0.5) in relation to the profit obtained with the cows.Item Uso do probiótico Bacillus amyloliquefaciens na dieta para frangos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-05) Brasileiro, Júlio César Lopes; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Mello, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510965166352073; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; Mascarenhas, Alessandra GimenezThe use of antibiotics in animal feed is increasingly a reason for questioning and discussion with the focus on food safety and the possibility of the emergence of bacterial resistance that may reflect on human therapy. Alternatives have been researched to replace the use of antibiotics in animal production with additives considered more innocuous, especially probiotics. Thus, to evaluate the use of probiotic associated or not with the presence of performance-enhancing antibiotic, 1400 one-day-old male Cobb-500® chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design (DIC) in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme totaling four treatments and ten repetitions including 35 birds in each plot covering the 42-day experimental period. Avilamycin was used as a performance-enhancing antibiotic and the variables studied in the present study included the zootechnical performance index, carcass yield and intestinal histomorphometry. For the variable of zootechnical performance index in the period of one to 21 days, an effect of the use of probiotic for feed conversion was observed, with the birds that received the probiotic presented a better conversion index when compared to the group of birds that did not receive addition. of probiotic and antibiotic in diets. For the intestinal histomorphometry parameter, the interaction between factors was observed, in which the group of birds that consumed the antibiotic-free diet and included with the probiotic presented better villus height concomitant to the villus: crypt in the duodenum ratio and better villus height concomitant to the depth of crypts in the ileum, demonstrating to be a viable alternative of substitution against the antibiotics used in the poultry farming.Item Associação e seleção genômica para eficiência alimentar em bovinos Nelore(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-22) Brunes, Ludmilla Costa; Rey, Fernando Sebastian Baldi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2142265309634106; Lopes, Fernando Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1399785191420919; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhoa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhoa; Mascioli, Arthur dos Santos; Carmo, Adriana Santana do; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Quedes; Costa, Marcos Fernando Oliveira eThe aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for feed efficiency, growth, reproductive and carcass traits in commercial Nelore cattle herds, and the correlated response between them. It was also aimed perform a study of genomic selection evaluating prediction methods, validation approaches and pseudo-phenotypes, and conduct a weighted single-step genome-wide association study and an enrichment analysis for feed efficiency of feed efficiency related traits. Residual feed intake (RFI), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), residual live weight gain (RG), residual intake and live weight gain (RIG), birth weight (BW), weight at 120 (W120), 240 (W240), 365 (W365), and 450 (W450) days of age, scrotal circumference at 365 (SC365) and 450 (SC450) days of age, rib eye area (REA), backfat thickness (BF) and rump fat thickness (RF) were evaluated. The growth, reproductive and carcass traits records from 15,639 Nelore cattle were used. Data from feed efficiency tests carried out between 2011 and 2018, with phenotypic and genotypic information of 4,329 and 3,594 animals, respectively, were considered. The genetic parameters were estimated in a single step approach (ssGBLUP). Six prediction methods of genomic breeding values (GEBVs) were used: ssGBLUP, Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes Cπ, BLASSO, and Bayes R. Three validation approaches were used: 1) random: the data set was randomly divided into ten subsets and the validation was done in each subset at a time; 2) age: the population was divided into training and validation set based on the year of birth, with the first group consisting of animals born between 2010 and 2016 and the second group born in 2017; 3) genetic breeding value (EBV) accuracy: were divided into two groups, with animals with accuracy above 0.45 considered as the training population, and below 0.45 the validation set. We checked the accuracy and bias of GEBV. The percentage of variance explained by windows of 10 adjacent SNPs was used to identify regions that explained more than 0.5% of the additive genetic variance on each trait. The feed efficiency related traits showed low to moderate heritabilities, ranging from 0.07 to 0.20. Feed efficiency related traits showed low genetic correlations with growth (-0.19 to 0.24), reproductive (-0.24 to 0.27) and carcass (-0.17 to 0.27) traits, except for growth with DMI (0.32 to 0.56) and FE (-0.40). The results showed that the prediction ability were similar between the prediction methods. The low heritability obtained, mainly for FE (0.07±0.03) and FCR (0.09±0.03), limited the GEBVs accuracy, which ranged from low to moderate. The regression coefficient estimates were close to 1, and similar between the prediction methods, validation approaches, and pseudophenotypes. On average and despite low variation (0.0331), the random cross-validation presented the most accurate predictions, ranging from 0.07 to 0.037, than EBV accuracy and age. The prediction ability was higher for phenotype adjusted for fixed effects than for EBV and EBV deregressed (30.0 and 34.3%, respectively). Enrichment analysis by The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) revealed several functional vias such as neuropeptide signaling pathway (GO:0007218), negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090), detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste (GO:0001580), bitter taste receptor activity (GO:0033038), neuropeptide hormone activity (GO:0005184), bile secretion (bta04976), taste transduction (bta0742), and glucagon signaling pathway (bta04922). The selection to improve growth, reproductive and carcass traits would not change RFI, RG, and RIG. On the other hand, DMI, FE and FCR may lead to an increase in body weight, in addition to the selection for FCR may lead to a reduction in carcass yield. The genetic background of feed efficiency related traits are different, which would lead to different genetic responses. The choice of the most adequate selection criterion depends on the production system and goals. Genomic prediction methods can provide a reliable estimate of genomic breeding values for RFI, DMI, RG and RGI, traits that may have higher genetic gain and selection viability than FE and FCR. Enrichment analyzes showed genes associated with in insulin, leptin, glucose, protein and lipid metabolism, energy balance, heat and oxidative stress, zinc finger system, bile secretion, satiety, feed behavior, salivation, digestion and absorption of nutrients. The identification of these genomic regions and their respective genes provide information about genetic basis and biologic regulation for Nelore feed efficiency related traits.Item Probiótico na terminação de bovinos em pastejo durante o período da seca(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-26) Calaça, Alana Maria Menezes Di; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4329309889502866; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; Santos, Mateus Castilho; Restle, JoãoProbiotics have been promised to be an alternative additive to antibiotic use and as a growth promoter. However, the performance results of animals fed probiotics are variable. The objectives were to evaluate the productive performance of Nellore bulls on grazing system for intensive fattening during the dry season, receiving probiotic concentrate composed of Bacillus toyonensis; influence of probiotic on ruminal and intestinal mucosa development and probiotic effect on digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The experiment was carried out between July and November 2017, which corresponds to the dry period in the region. Four animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment so that the initial carcass yield could be estimated. Nellore bulls (n = 80) with initial mean weight of 354.02 ± 3.38 kg were blocked according to body weight and divided into two treatments: concentrate with probiotic and concentrate without probiotic (control). They were allocated in 16 paddocks formed by Urochloa brizantha, supplemented at 2% of the body weight in concentrate. At the end of 133 days of experiment, the animals were slaughtered and data of carcass weight, yield, carcass gain, average daily carcass gain and 12th-rib fat thickness were obtained. The in vivo digestibility assay was performed with eight rumen cannulated steers, in a cross over 2x2 design, with two treatments and two periods. Titanium dioxide was used as an external marker to estimate fecal excretion and iFDN was used as an internal marker to estimate dry matter intake. On the last day of each experimental period, ruminal fluid was collected to evaluate the concentration of short chain fatty acids and ammoniacal nitrogen. The use of probiotic composed of Bacillus toyonensis did not improve final body weight (528.2 ± 3.38 kg – p=0,2360) nor the daily average gain (1,333 kg– p= 0,2531) and feed efficiency (0.165– p=0,2016). The subcutaneous fat thickness was lower in animals receiving the probiotic (4.06 vs. 2.97 mm mm – p=0,0423). There was no influence of probiotic on other carcass traits. No significant effect on the development of the ruminal and intestinal epithelium was observed with the use of probiotic. Bacillus toyonensis did not improve dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility. There was no effect on rumen fermentation. Probiotic based on Bacillus toyonensis altered fat deposition in carcasses.Item Avaliação de coprodutos ensilados da indústria do milho em dietas de vacas em lactação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-16) Cardoso, Rogério Rezende; Lima, Milton Luiz Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7562710128026687; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4582215859105753; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; Silva, Thiago Carvalho daFibrous co-products in the feeding of ruminants contribute to the mitigation of environmental impacts and decrease the consumption of animals of digestible products by humans. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the conventional substitution concentrated (constituted in its base of corn and soy bran) by concentrate constituted by co-products of the corn industry in lactating cows ration on the consumption of dry matter (DMI), production of milk, milk components, selectivity behavior, digestibility, blood and ruminal parameters. The statistical design used was a 2x2 cross-over with two effects differentiated by the concentrated resource (conventional concentrate and concentrate consisting of corn by-products) in two 22-day experimental ones, with 14 days of adaptation for use and eight final days of data collection. Ten crossbred lactation cows (Holstein x Jerseys) were used, distributed five in each treatment and balanced in the orders according to the calving order, days in lactation and milk production. The data were analyzed by the PROC MIXED of the SAS, considering the statistical model of random effect by cow and fixed treatment effect and period at the level of significance P <0.05 and trend 0.05≤P≤0.10. The DMI and DMO were statistically higher (P=0.005 and P=0.008) for control group, while the NDF consumption did not differ statistically (P=0.76) and the consumption of physically effective fiber was statistically higher (P<0.0001) for treatment with co-products. The production of milk, protein, casein and lactose in milk in percentage and production per day were statistically higher (P<0.01) in treatment control, while the fat in kg/day did not differ statistically (P=0.35), the production of fat and urea nitrogen in milk was higher (P=0.001 and P=0.007) in the treatment with co-products. As the dry matter digestibilities, organic matter and NDF did not differ statistically (P>0.10) among the treatments and that have the highest (P=0.03) consumption of digestible organic matter in the control treatment. The animals with diet control in the 24h period select more (P=0.004) against 19 mm of treatment with co-products, while no sieve of the state of the 8 mm pen or the rejection index was lower than the 19 mm, however still the treatment control (P<0.0001) selects against 8 mm effects and the treatment with co-products does not show selection in this section, being the bottom of the sieve in both tests with selection in favor of the bottom of the sieve. An acetate: propionate ratio was higher (P=0.005) for treatment with by-products evaluated for the control treatment, with ammoniacal nitrogen in the rumen and urea nitrogen in the blood greater (P=0.003 and P<0.0001) for by-product concentrate. The control treatment animals with greater (P=0.01 and P=0.03) meal size and meal duration with smaller (P=0.05) number of meals compared to treatment with co-products. The results demonstrated are the necessary ruminal degradation studies of the mixture of corn by-products with the method of efficient use in the feeding of dairy cattle.Item Uso de aditivos a base de óleos essenciais no consumo alimentar de bovinos confinados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-02) Carvalho, Rafael Assunção; Eifert, Eduardo da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/197071591617834; Gonzalez, Roberto Daniel Sainz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7128624824011246; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhôa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187; Eifert, Eduardo da Costa; Nuñez, Amoracyr José Costa; Ferreira, Reginaldo NassarObjetivou-se avaliar a adição de um palatabilizante a base de óleos essenciais na alimentação de bovinos confinados. Foram utilizados 72 bovinos (½ taurino x ½ zebuíno), machos não castrados, com idade entre 20 e 24 meses e peso médio de 490 kg. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos (com e sem a inclusão de palatabilizante), em que cada tratamento foi constituído de 36 repetições, considerando cada animal como repetição. A alimentação foi fornecida ad libitum, composta por silagem de milheto, soja triturada, sorgo triturado, ureia e núcleo mineral atendendo uma relação volumoso concentrado de 63:37, contendo 68% de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e 14% de PB, de acordo com as exigências estimadas pelo software RLM Corte 3.3, para ganhos de 1,3 kg/dia. O palatabilizante foi fornecido diariamente ao lote tratado, associado à dieta total em uma proporção inicial de 9 gramas/animal/dia. Os animais foram submetidos a um período de adaptação às instalações, ao manejo e dieta de 14 dias, após esse período, se iniciou a coleta efetiva de dados com duração de 56 dias, com pesagem inicial, final e quatro pesagens intermediárias a cada 14 dias, totalizando 70 dias de teste. Os dados de consumo de alimento ingerido, foram mensurados pelo sistema de cochos eletrônicos da marca Intergado®. As variáveis coletadas para esse experimento foram, peso inicial (PI, kg); peso final (PF, kg); ganho médio diário (GMD, kg/dia); consumo de matéria seca (CMS, kg); (EA). O efeito do peso inicial como covariável foi testado para todas as características. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos cada tratamento foi constituído de 36 repetições, considerando cada animal uma repetição. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e de regressão. Os modelos foram selecionados com base nos coeficientes de determinação e significância dos coeficientes de regressão, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5% de probabilidade, utilizando-se o teste F. Também foi adotado um esquema fatorial 2x7 dois níveis de tratamento e 7 semanas de avaliação. Todas as estimativas e análise estatística foram realizadas com auxílio do Programa R. O uso do aditivo palatabilizante na proporção estudada, não apresentou efeitos significativos para as características de desempenho avaliadas durante o período experimental.Item Substituição do cloreto de colina por uma fonte vegetal de colina em dietas de frangos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-02) Dias, Allan Gabriel Ferreira; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Santin, Ana Paula Iglesias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2059115299287800; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Lucca, Érica Crosara Ladir deThe aim of this study was to assess a vegetal source of choline as a replacement of choline chloride and its effects in the animal performance, metabolism and yield of broilers’ carcass. 1120 one day old male Cobb were used, distributed in four treatments with eight repetitions of 35 birds per unit. The treatments were: 1 - control (choline in the form of choline chloride 60%), 2 – 75% of choline chloride and 25% of vegetal choline (Choline-H) as a source of choline, 3 – 50% of choline chloride and 50% of vegetal choline (Choline-H) as a source of choline, and 4 – 100% of vegetal choline (Choline-H) as a source of choline. The animals’ performance was evaluated (weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, viability and uniformity), carcass and cuts yield, feathering patterns, serum biochemical profile, liver and locomotor system health, chest muscular anomalies, and zones of growth of the proximal epiphysis of the broilers’ tibias. There were no significant differences in the evaluation of broilers’ performance (weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and viability) in none of the assessed phases (7, 21, 35 and 42 days). The treatment with 100% of vegetal choline provided greater uniformity of the broilers after 35 days to the carcass yield and the percentage of organs also showed no statistical differences. In the feathering score analysis, no difference was found. However, in the percentage of feathers, the treatment combining the two sources of choline had higher percentage of feathers. For the histopathological analysis and the evaluation of locomotor problems, there were no significant differences between treatments. In the serum biochemical analysis, the treatment using only vegetal choline lowered the levels of LDL and cholesterol in 21 days and of LDL in 42 days, not showing any other significant differences to the other assessed parameters (AF, GGT and AST enzymes, triglycerides, HDL and VLDL). It was concluded that the vegetal source of choline can replace choline chloride as a whole in the diet of broilers, without loss of performance and lowering the levels of circulating LDL.Item Avaliação da inclusão de aditivo simbiótico em dietas de frangos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-03-05) Faria, Itallo da Silva; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936451314440305; Melo, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510965166352073; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Santos, Bruno Moreira dos; Costa, Miliane Alves da; Stringhini, José HenriqueThis study aimed to assess the symbiotic inclusion (lysine, methionine, calcium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, glucomannans, and mannooligosaccharides) in broilers diet and to evaluate the possible effects on the inclusion on zootechnic indexes, cuts and carcass yields, blood parameters, and broilers intestinal health. 512 animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, in of four treatments (Treatment 1 - Performance enhancer, Treatment. 2 - Symbiotic, Treatment 3 - Growth promoter + symbiotic, Treatment 4 - without addition of enhancer additive), eight replications consisting of 16 birds per experimental unit. During the experiment, zootechnic performances such as weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and mortality were evaluated in each rearing phase (seven, 21, 35, and 42 days). Withing seven days, poultry fed with growth promoter and growth promoter + symbiotic exhibit higher final weight gain, weight gain, and feed consumption. At 21 days of age, there was higher weight gain and feed consumption with growth promoter and growth promoter + symbiotic. At 35 days of age, it was observed higher feed consumption with growth promoter and growth promoter + symbiotic. At 42 days of age, there were no statistic differences among the treatments for the performance variables. Significant differences were only found to leg quarter yield in poultry fed with symbiotic. On the 21st day, it was observed a higher concentration of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase, and Triglyceride on the animal’s hematological profile that were fed with growth promoter and symbiotic. On the 42nd day, significant differences were observed regarding to uric acid to the poultry fed with growth promoter and symbiotic, which showed lower values to uric acid, broilers that received symbiotic + performance enhancer and or no enhancer additive in the diet had higher serum calcium concentration. There was significative difference to the ileum crypt only on the 21st day of histomorphometry assessment the birds that received the symbioticItem O nitrato encapsulado aumenta a eficiência de utilização do suplemento para bovinos de corte em pastejo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-12-14) Figueiredo, Cibelle Borges; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Silva, Maurícia Brandão da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9608210292530980; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4329309889502866; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; Cunha, Paulo Henrique Jorge da; Cabral Filho, Sergio Lucio Salomon; Ribeiro, Marinaldo Divino; Araújo, Rafael Canonenco deEncapsulated nitrate has been pointed out as a promising tool for reducing methane production by ruminant animals. The objective was to evaluate, in Chapter 2, the effects of the use of encapsulated nitrate on the performance of beef cattle on pasture in the dry season, dry transition of water and water, and in Chapter 3 the fermentative parameters in in vitro assays using substrates in proportions and similar compositions of the performance experiment. The evaluated treatments were: Control – protein-energy supplement without inclusion of encapsulated nitrate, and EN – protein-energy supplement with inclusion of 50 g of encapsulated nitrate per kg of dry matter. In the performance experiment (Chapter 2), the supplement was given daily at 1.0% of body weight. The leftover concentrate was weighed daily to estimate supplement intake. The animals were weighed every 28 days, and the rate of supplement consumption was also evaluated. There was a reduction in supplement dry matter intake with the inclusion of EN in the supplement in the dry period (P < 0.01) (2.404 to 2.283 kg/day), dry-water transition (P < 0.01) (2.922 kg to 2.496 kg/day), water (P < 0.01) (3.631 to 3.143 kg/day) and total period (P < 0.01) (2.943 to 2.605 kg/day). The average daily gain was not influenced by the inclusion of NE in any of the evaluated periods (P > 0.13). The inclusion of EN resulted in an increase in the feed efficiency of the animals in the dry-water transition period from 0.362 to 0.411 (P < 0.01). In Chapter 3, three experiments were carried out, corresponding to the dry season, dry-water transition and water, in order to evaluate the Control and EN treatments. The evaluation times were zero, three, six, nine, 12, 24 and 48 hours after incubation. Each time was composed of its respective triplicates. In these times, the in vitro degradability of dry matter (IVDDM) and neutral detergent fiber (IVDNDF), ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3), methane and gas production were evaluated. At 24 hours, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) was evaluated. There was a reduction in methane production from 22.2 to 19.3 mg (P < 0.01) in the dry season. The total incubation time (48 hours) was marked with a 5% reduction in IVDDM with inclusion in EN (741.4 vs 703.9 g/kg) (P < 0.02) in the dry transition season substrate. waters. An increase in the molar proportion of acetate from 14.36 to 20.33 mM/L (P < 0.04) was observed with the inclusion of encapsulated nitrate in the wet season substrate. There was no significant effect of including nitrate in the wet season substrate on IVDDM and IVDNFD (P > 0.06). The inclusion of encapsulated nitrate in the proportion of 50 g/kg of supplement DM increases the feed efficiency of grazing animals, and reduces the methane production with the use of dry season forage.Item Produtividade e valor nutricional de cultivares de milheto sob adubação fosfatada(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-18) Firmino, Anderson Eugênio; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; Okada, Eliane Sayuri Miyagi; Barros, Emanoel Elzo Leal deForage grasses are the main source of food for cattle, as it is the most economically viable source of dry matter. With the introduction of new species / cultivars of forage plants improved and adapted to the most different types of soils and edaphoclimatic conditions in Brazil, which allows a better performance of animals raised in exclusive grazing regime. In the region of Central Brazil, especially in the Cerrado, climatic conditions are defined by two seasons throughout the year: a rainy season, characterized by high forage production and, usually of good nutritional value, while the dry season that occurs between the months from April / May to October / November, with low forage production and low quality. It is believed that the seasonality of forage production is the biggest obstacle to the production of cattle under exclusive grazing regime, due to the great damage caused to the herd, whether in the production of meat or milk. In this way, there is a search for forages more adapted to the weather conditions that affect the forage production in the critical period of the year. In this context, forage millet appears as an alternative capable of contributing to the shortage of forage in the dry period of the year, in view of its physiological characteristics that allow it to adapt to acidic and low fertility soils, in addition to its high resistance to water stress. Two cultivars of forage millet were evaluated - ADR-500 and ADRf-6010, submitted to phosphate fertilization, in order to determine the potential of dry matter production and chemical composition in cut regime. The research was carried out at the Department of Zootechnics of the School of Veterinary and Zootechnics at UFG, from December 2018 to April 2019.Item Características de estro pós-parto associadas às chances de prenhez de vacas holandesas em lactação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-03) Frota, Wilson Vagner Vilas Boas; Alves, Benner Geraldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2502439704413583; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; Lopes, Dyomar Toledo; Carmo, Adriana Santana doThe detection of estrus remains a major problem in dairy cattle, despite the enormous progress in the knowledge of the reproductive physiology of the cow and in the development of auxiliary methods. The success of any estrus detection program will depend, at least in part, on the cows' ability to exhibit estrus, which is affected by a multitude of physiological and management factors that favor or suppress estrus behavior. Parity, number of days postpartum, body condition score, milk production, calving problems, postpartum disease is recognized for influencing estrus expression. In addition, heat stress, building and the size of the herd can also affect estrus behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with estrus behavior, identified by an automated estrus detection system. Data from three experiments carried out between August 2015 and July 2018, in the state of Florida, United States of America, were collected and processed. The number of animals that participated in the experiments A, B and C was 565, 671 and 678, totaling 1914 lactation cows and 3029 estrus events. The animals enrolled in the experiments were monitored by an automated estrus detection device (SCR Inc., Netanya, Israel). Estrus was determined according to changes in activity and rumination patterns within the two-hour interval compared to the average activity and rumination for the same period in the previous five and seven days, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, logistic regression and Cox proportional regression using the SAS statistical software. The duration and intensity of estrus showed a negative correlation with the proportion of time cows were subjected to heat stress. The return to ovarian cyclicity before the end of the voluntary waiting period increased the chances of pregnancy at the first service and the pregnancy for artificial insemination up to 150 DIM. Uterine disease, subclinical ketosis and BCS were associated with delayed return to cyclicity, potentially negatively impacting reproductive performance.Item Índices microclimáticos e indicativos de estresse térmico em bovinos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-13) Karvatte Junior, Nivaldo; Alves, Fabiana Villa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1153061642306224; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5838290185532582; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; Almeida, Roberto Giolo de; Santos, Darliane de Castro; Ferro, Diogo Alves da Costa; Ferro, Rafael Alves da CostaThe objective was to use microclimatic indexes and to propose indicators of thermal stress in beef cattle to evaluate animal production systems. For that, two experiments were carried out: (i) using infrared thermography to evaluate microclimate and thermal comfort in silvopastoral systems; and (ii) evaluating the physiological adaptability of beef cattle in feedlot and pasture submitted to thermal stress. The first experiment was conducted at the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, from June 2015 to February 2016. The evaluations were carried out in two silvopastoral systems with different densities and spatial arrangements of cultivated and native trees, from 08h to 16h, with intervals of one hour between evaluations. Infrared radiation emissions of temperature (°C) and humidity (%) of the canopy and pasture surface were recorded, in the shadow projection and in the full sun. At the same time, the microclimatic parameters were evaluated and the main thermal comfort indeces were subsequently calculated. Variations of canopy and pasture temperature and humidity were observed, with direct influences on microclimate and animal thermal comfort. The greatest fluctuations occurred during the summer and at noon with substantial improvements in the environment under the canopy. The Principal Components Analysis extracted two components in order of their importance to explain 70.6% of the total variance observed between the variables. Moderate and strong correlations (r ≥ 0.63; or, r ≤ 0.80) showed positive linear effects (R²adj ≥ 0.40, or, ≤ 0.63) between thermography, microclimate and thermal comfort indeces. The results show that temperatures and humidities of canopy and pasture surfaces can be continuously monitored using infrared thermal imagers, making it a potential tool (r ≥ 0.53; or, r ≤ 0.78) for microclimate prediction and thermal comfort in silvopastoral systems. The second experiment was conducted on farms located in Civitella Paganico, Grosseto province, Italy, in partnership with Università di Pisa (Italy), from May to September 2017, using 60 animals (20 Aubrac, 20 Maremmano and 20 ½ Maremmano x ½ Piemontês) divided into two production systems (confinement and pasture). Cortisol in the hair, physiological variables (rectal, hair and skin temperatures, cardiac and respiratory frequency) and hematological variables (complete blood count) were evaluated. No effects of production system were observed (P> 0.05). However, the effects of genetic groups, the evaluation period and the interaction between genetic groups and production systems significantly affected (P <0.05) all evaluated parameters. The crossbreed genetic group had the highest concentrations of cortisol during the whole experimental period, favoring the greater variations in the physiological parameters and being more susceptible to chronic stress. Non-invasive methods, such as the sampling of hairs on animals and the application of infrared thermography for the evaluation of production systems, contribute to the advancement of scientific research in several areas of knowledge.Item Análise multifatorial e preditores para características de importância econômica de matrizes suínas em granja multiplicadora(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-30) Leal, Guilherme Brunno de Medeiros; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Antunes, Robson Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7590358205144485; Carmo, Adriana Santana do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0782572407995106; Carmo, Adriana Santana do; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Cadavid, Verónica González; Leite, Carla Daniela Suguimoto; Masciol, Arthur dos SantosThe present work aimed to investigate the relationship between the productive characteristics and to identify the factors that affect the number of weaned piglets (NLD) per sow/year, the accumulated productivity in kilograms (kg) of weaned piglets (LD) per sow/year and the productive longevity of swine breeders in order to support the selection process of a breeding farm. In chapter 2, factor analyzes were performed in order to understand the relationship between the characteristics and multiple linear regression to identify the main predictor variables for the variables NLD per matrix/year and accumulated productivity in kg of LD per matrix/year. In chapter 3, the females were evaluated as to their longevity, according to two distinct stayability criteria, STAY1 and STAY2, which consider as longevity, respectively, the females that presented the number of live born piglets (NLNV) and kilogram of piglets weaned to the fourth parturition above the herd average. It was identified by the main latent factors that 55% variance between breeders on the farm is explained by the characteristics of maternal ability, piglet viability, fertility and perinatal mortality. The best regression models for prediction explained approximately 66% of the variation both for the NLD traits and for the total weight of weaned piglets adjusted for 21 days (PTD21), evidencing the characteristics number of stillborn piglets (NLNAT), number of dead piglets at birth (NLMN), mean piglet birth weight (PMN) and number of piglets weaned (NLD) with common explanatory factors. It was not possible to obtain a good predictive model for the characteristic mean weight of weaned piglets adjusted to 21 days (PD21) in the present study. The analysis of females by NLNV and PD21 categories indicated that sows that present NLNV below the herd average do not have the potential to exhibit an adequate accumulated production under the evaluated conditions of the farm. The best predictive models for female longevity by STAY1 criteria include age at first mating (IPC) and NLNV and for STAY2 it included only IPC. The prediction model proposed for STAY1 was more efficient (78%) than for STAY2 (55%). Selection for STAY1 can be performed with the NLNV of the first calving, while for STAY2 should preferably be performed later, by the accumulated NLD of the first three calvings. Survival analysis showed that by STAY1, females would be discarded later (8th parturition), when compared to STAY2 (6th parturition).Item Máquina de aprendizado extremo para predição de ganho médio diário à desmama em bovinos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-20) Lisboa, Giovanna Rodrigues; Bertazzo, Rodrigo Possa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7503210823802793; Mascioli, Arthur dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6557055478323026; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Leite, Carla Daniela Suguimoto; Hellmeister Filho, PauloExtreme Learning Machines, Extreme Machine Learning (EML/IGASE), unlike other Artificial Neural Network (ANN) training algorithms that adjust network parameters through the iterative presentation of training patterns, include intermediate neuron numbers and perform projection random in the hidden layer, in general of high dimensionality in the complex connections with the other variables of direct inputs, the weights are selected in a random way injected and bijected in the complex composite functions, without need of training. The over- sizing of the EML/IGASE becomes necessary for the smoothing of the response, guarantees the capacity of generalization and transfers of complex functions in the temporal series of phenotypic expressions of the animals. The objective of this work is to predict the average weight gain at weaning (GMPD) phenotype as a function of direct variables measured in animals within and between seasons (SF) and farms (FAZ), using EML/IGASE. 8,812 progeny records were used for 11 harvests, descendants of 272 bulls, from 09 farms located in different states of the federation, Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Paraná (PR) and São Paulo (SP). ). The phenotypes studied were weight at weaning (PD), average weight gain at weaning (GMPD), conformation at weaning (CPD), musc ulature at weaning (MPD) and early weaning (PPD). Extreme Machine Learning (EML/IGASE) was able to predict the mean weight gain at weaning (GMPD) phenotype, based on the other variables measured in the animals within and between seasons and farms studied, with low Mean Squared Error (MSE) in the robust interactions and transfers of complex functions from multi-input neural architectures and different levels of environmental attributables to the expressed phenotypes. In the univariate analyzes with the input variable weights at weaning (PD) transferring to the average weight gain at weaning (GMPD) the EML/IGASE performed complex numeric al predictions in 08 productive harvests of the 09 farms, where the Mean Squared Errors (EQM) between predicted and actual variables of GMPD ranged from 0.09 to 13.96%. For the multivariate analyzes with the four input variables weight at weaning (PD), conformation at weaning (CPD), musc ulature at weaning (MPD) and precocity at weaning (PPD) in 09 harvests of the 09 productive farms, the Mean Squared Errors (NDE) between predicted and actual GMPD variables ranged from 0.08 to 26.30%. The complex transfer functions were robust to noise tests up to the second decimal place in the numeric al predictions considered in the study.Item Facilitando a adaptação de bovinos (Bos taurus indicus) para dietas de confinamento de alta proporção de concentrado utilizando Megasphaera elsdenii(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-05-28) Lopes, Ana Laura Araújo; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; Meschiatti, Murillo Alves Porto; Couto, Victor Rezende MoreiraThis study evaluated the effects of Megasphaera elsdenii administration at the beginning of the feedlot period on performance of Bos taurus indicus bulls. On d 0, 383 Nellore bulls (initial shrunk body weight 384 ± 29.2 kg; initial age = 24 ± 2 mo) were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of 1) 14 d adaptation diet and transition to a finishing diet (CONT), 2) CONT plus oral administration of 20 mL of Lactipro-NXT (M. elsdenii) on d 0 of the study (MEG-14), 3) CONT diet, consisting of 6 d of adaptation diet plus oral administration of 20 mL of Lactipro-NXT on d 0 of the study (MEG-6), and 4) No adaptation diet and oral administration of 20 mL of Lactipro-NXT on d 0 of the study (MEG-0). Experimental period lasted 119 d. No treatment effects were observed for any of the performance parameters evaluated herein (P ≥ 0.15). Nonetheless, a treatment × wk interaction was observed for DM, NEm, and NEg intakes (P < 0.0001). For all these parameters, MEG-0 and MEG-6 had a reduced intake vs. MEG- 14 and CONT in the first wk of the study (P ≤ 0.05). For the carcass traits, no effects were observed for HCW (P ≥ 0.24), whereas MEG-6 had a greater REA when compared with MEG-0 and MEG-14 (quadratic effect; P = 0.04) and MEG-administered bulls tended to have a greater BFT vs. CONT (P = 0.08). In summary, M. elsdenii administration at the beginning of the feedlot period did not improve performance, whereas reducing the length of the adaptation period for 6 d improved REA of finishing Bos taurus indicus bulls.Item Densidades de estocagem para tilápia do Nilo em sistema aquapônico de Raft(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-12-10) Moraes, Anderson Pires de; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Costa, Adriano Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5047062101213730; Paula, Fernanda Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9353071033895125; Paula, Fernanda Gomes de; Arnhols, Emmanuel; Floriano, Luciane SperandioThis work was developed with the aim of comparing the productive performance, economic evaluation, yields and body and chemical composition of the fillet, blood biochemistry of Nile tilapia, productive performance of lettuces and chemical composition, in addition to the interaction of water quality parameters between lettuce, fish and water. The experiment was conducted in the Aquaculture Sector at the Veterinary and Zootechnics School - EVZ, from the Federal University of Goiás - UFG, from December 2020 to March 2021 (80 days). A total of 648 fish were used, divided into two periods of 40 days each (period I: 234 fish and period II: 234 fish), randomly distributed in 12 masonry tanks with 6 m², in two densities (3 fish per m² and 6 fish per m²). m²). The experimental design was completely randomized in four treatments with 3 replications each, where T1: 3 fish per m² together with lettuce production, T2: 6 fish per m² with lettuce production, T3: 3 fish per m² without lettuce, T4 : 6 fish per m² without lettuce with 3 repetitions each, totaling 12 experimental units, and the same experiment was repeated in time, in order to better evaluate density and the interaction of vegetables within the same system. The fish were fed with commercial feed containing 32% CP at a frequency of three times a day. The variables of productive performance were analyzed (survival rate, average weight, biomass, individual weight gain, apparent feed consumption, apparent feed conversion, protein efficiency rate and specific growth rate), economic evaluation (partial operating cost, gross, partial net revenue, incidence of costs), body yields (head proportion, carcass yield, viscera proportion and fillet yield), fillet chemical composition (dry matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, mineral matter), analysis bromatology of lettuce (dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter) biometric indices (hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic fat index), hemato-immunological (red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, HCM, CHCM, thrombocytes, leukocytes, heterophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes). Data were submitted to double factor statistical analysis. It was observed that the experimental units that in the density of 6 fish per square meter with the presence of lettuce provided better results, zootechnical, hemato-immunological data and also better economic viability.Item Atividade antimicrobiana de extratos vegetais em frangos de corte de crescimento lento desafiados com Salmonella Heidelberg(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-08) Mota, Lorena Cunha; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mojyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Melo, Francislete Rodrigues; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Mello, Heloisa Helena de CarvalhoTwo experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating the antimicrobial activity of native extracts of native species of Brazilian Cerrado. The first experiment was carried out in vitro using seven ethanolic plant extracts native to the Brazilian cerrado (Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens), Jacaranda (Machaerium villosum), Jenipapo (Genipa americana), Pau-terra (Qualea parviflora), Pau- (Brosimum gaudichaudii), to evaluate the total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heidelberg. The phenolic compounds of the plant extracts were determined by spectroscopy in the visible region, using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The determination of the antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts was carried out using the ABTS solution free radical sequestration method. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the seven ethanolic extracts against Salmonella Heidelberg was performed using the disc diffusion method. In the second experiment were performed performance tests, intestinal development, bacteriology and blood biochemistry of slow-growing chickens challenged with Salmonella Heidelberg and treated with woodland plant extract. A total of 432 broiler chickens were used. The roasted red roasted roasted roasted red roasted roe were distributed in six treatments, six replicates and 12 birds per experimental unit. The experimental design was randomized blocks distributed in six treatments: SH + control (birds with challenge + basal ration); SH + EVT (challenged birds + antimicrobial ration), SH + EVPT (control + challenged birds), control (birds without challenge + basal ration), ANT (unchallenged birds + antimicrobial ration) and EVPT challenge + plant extract). Performance, intestinal histomorphometry, specific bacteriology and blood biochemistry were evaluated. The results of the antimicrobial analysis of Salmonella Heidelgerb extracts were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The data of phenolic compounds and antioxidants were submitted to descriptive analysis. The performance data, histomorphometry and blood biochemistry were submitted to the test of variance. Data from the specific bacteriology were analyzed by descriptive method. The data of phenolic compounds and antioxidants were submitted to descriptive analysis. The ethanolic vegetal extracts varied from 6.48 to 59.81 g EAG / mL of total phenolic compounds and 595 to 1098.33 μmol / L of antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract of Pau-terra presented moderate antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heidelberg (halo diameter 9.5%). In the results of the performance evaluation the ANT treatment promoted greater weight gain and higher final weight of the birds and the SH + EVPT treatment influenced in lower weight gain and lower final weight. In the evaluation of the histomorphometry of the segments of the gastrointestinal tract histoformetrium of the chick embryo of slow growth slow crypt depth in the mucosa was higher in the birds submitted to the SH + EVPT treatment and, the lower in the birds submitted to SH + crypt for SH + control birds and reduction in the ratio for SH + EVPT treated birds. The treatments did not influence the studied parameters of the duodenum and jejunum of seven - day - old birds. The SH + EVPT treatment promoted crypt depth increase, and the SH + control treatment reduced crypt depth. In the birds of 42 days of age the treatment promoted EVPT promoted jejunal villus height and SH + control reduced jejunal villus height. In the ilium SH + EVPT treatment promoted villus enlargement and ANT treatment reduced villus height. The SH + control treatment reduced the crypt depth of the ilium and the SH + EVPT treatment increased the crypt depth of the ilium. In bacteriology, 75% of the gastrointestinal tract presented Salmonella Heidelberg at 7 days of age, 58% at 28 days of age and 16.66% at 42 days of age. The concentration of albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid was influenced by the treatments. The ethanolic extracts of Barbatimão Jacarandá, Mama-bitch, Jenipapo, Pau-ferro and Murici did not present antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heidelberg (diameter of halo 5mm). The ethanolic extract of Pau-terra, offered in drinking water, using a concentration of 1: 1000 and supplied once a day to slow-growing chickens does not promote the performance improvement of chickens up to 28 days of age and has no activity antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heldelberg.Item Uso de emulsifiante em dietas de frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-04-01) Oliveira, Marcus Vinicius Garcia de; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Mendonça, Raiana Almeida Noleto; Sysneiros, Cristine dos Santos Settimi; Lopes, Karina Ludovico de Almeira MartinezTwo experiments were conducted. The first one aimed to study the effects of the emulsifying in diets using three different levels of metabolized energy (ME) (low, recommended and high) in the initial and growth phases of broilers, with a 3x2 factorial. In the initial phase, the diets had 2.950, 3.050, and 3.150 kcal/kg, and in the growth phase, 3.100, 3.150 and 3.200 kcal/kg of ME, with the inclusion of 0,125% of an emulsifying that has soy lecithin as its main component. The aim was to determinate the apparent metabolized energy (AME) and the apparent metabolized energy corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) in diets with three levels of metabolized energy (ME), as well as nitrogen balance (NB), digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DCDM), ether extract (DCEE), nitrogen (DCN), and crude energy (DCCE). It was verified that the inclusion of the emulsifying increased the DCDM, DCN, NB, and AMEn in diets with 2.950 and 3050 kcal/kg, while in the growth phase, the AME and AMEn in diets with lower levels of metabolized energy (3.100 kcal/kg), suggesting the inclusion of the emulsifying in broilers’ diet with lower levels of metabolized energy. The second experiment aimed to study the inclusion of the emulsifying in broilers’ diet with two different fat sources (soy oil and chicken fat), therefore forming a 2x2 factorial. It was used an emulsifying that has soy lecithin as its main component with 0,5% of inclusion (on top). The emulsifying (soy lecithin) improved the broilers’ body weight in 35 (120 g) and 42 (150 g) days old, regardless to the fat source used in the diet, as well as the productive efficiency ratio (416,69). There were no differences to the percentage of ether extract found in the excrete of 7 and 21 days old broilers. To assess the intestinal histomorphometry of 21 days of age, the emulsifying increased the villous height in the intestine of broilers fed with soy oil, not showing any differences to the chicken fat, while in the jejunum, the greatest villous height was found in diets with chicken fat and in the ileum, with soy oil, both of which used the emulsifying. There was no verification of the emulsifying effect and the type of fat for the liver’s histology, but it was verified that the fat source influenced the serum blood profile, which the total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were higher in diets with chicken fat for 7 days old chicks. The glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) enzyme showed lower values for diets with soy oil and emulsifying, and the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) was higher for the chicken fat, without any effect of the emulsifying for 7 days old chicks. For 21 days old broilers, the GPT was higher for broilers fed with chicken fat in the diet. There was no interaction, as well as emulsifying effect, for the relative liver weight, pancreas and small intestine on the evaluated ages (21 and 42 days), as well as the carcass yield. The inclusion of the emulsifying improved the body weight of 21 and 42 days old broilers, the productive efficiency ratio and the height of the villous, both in the duodenum and jejunum, being indicated its inclusion in the broilers’ diet.