Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia
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Item Adição de enzimas em dietas de frangos de corte a base de milho de diferentes qualidades(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-31) Andrade, Tiago Vieira de; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Carvalho, Genilson Bezerra de; Fortes, Bruno Duarte AlvesThe nutritional quality of stored corn grains is of paramount importance to formulate more efficient diets, given that corn grains with low nutritional value, trigger metabolic disturbances and consequently negative effects on the performance and use of nutrients in birds. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the addition of exogenous enzymes in diets of broilers based on corn kernels of different qualities. with 696 birds of the Cobb 500 strain. In experiments 1 and 3, with the purpose of evaluating performance at 1, 7, 21, 35 and 42 days of age and intestinal histomorphometry at 21 and 42 days of age, 600 chicks were used 1 day old males. In experiments 2 and 4, metabolism assays were carried out with 96 14-day old male chicks from experiment 1 and 3 to estimate the metabolizable energy values of corn of different qualities with the inclusion of exogenous enzymes and mycotoxin adsorbent in diets for broilers. In all experiments, a completely randomized design (DIC) was used, distributed in a factorial arrangement (2x2), with experiment 1 and 2 being the addition or not of the XAP enzyme blend (Xylanase, Amylase and Protease) and two types of corn (types 1 and 3), and for experiment 3 and 4 with or without the addition of mycotoxin adsorbent and with or without the addition of the enzymatic blend. It was observed that the birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme had higher average weight and better feed conversion. It was observed that the birds that consumed diets containing enzyme showed better digestibility for the values of EMAn, EMA and CMMS in the period of 17 to 21 days. It was observed that birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme showed better intestinal development for height of the jejunum and ileum up to 21 days of age. There was a reduction in uric acid and AST for birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme. There was a reduction (p <0.05) in LDH for birds that consumed type 1 corn. There was a higher (p <0.05) average weight for birds that consumed diets containing enzyme and adsorbent in the period from 1 to 7 days . In conclusion, it can be said that birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme showed good performance, carcass yield, use of nutrients and intestinal development.Item Probiótico (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) e antimicrobiano melhorador de desempenho em dietas de leitões na fase de creche(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-07-11) Berteli, Carolina Ribeiro; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Stringhini, Jose Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Stringhini, Jose Henrique; Lopes, Euripedes Laurindo; Silva, Bruno Alexander Nunes; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros deChanges related to weaning are stressful factors and may cause reduced piglet growth, mainly due to the incidence of diarrhea. Considering the limitations to the use of antimicrobial performance enhancers, different strategies were proposed to maintain animal growth and performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of probiotic (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) on weaned piglets diet, associated or not with the use of antimicrobial performance enhancer (tiamulin). A total of 84 piglets with a mean age of 28 days were randomized in blocks and a factorial scheme 2 x 2, with four treatments, corresponding to the inclusion or not of performance improvement antibiotic (tiamulin 80% 150ppm) and probiotic (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens – 1x10 10 UFC/g). The treatments adopted were: T1 - basal diet (DB, control); T2 - DB + antimicrobial; T3 - DB + probiotic; T4 - DB + antimicrobial + probiotic. Avarage daily gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were calculated. The fecal score was monitored according to the method proposed by Guedes et al. Feces samples were collected for presence and counting analysis of Escherichia coli (Quinn et al.). Statistical analyzes were performed using software R and differences considered significant for P <0.05. For non-parametric data it was used the Friedman test and the Tukey test were used for the others. The absolute data of microbiological counting were logarithmized and analyzed in a descriptive way. The average daily feed intake was affected by the use of antimicrobial, while the use of probiotic did not result in significant effect. Weight gain and feed conversion were not affected by the use of antimicrobial or probiotic. The diarrhea score was significantly affected in the final phase, with lower scores for animals fed with antimicrobial and probiotic. In the descriptive evaluation of the E. coli count, there was a trend of higher fecal bacterial count over the experimental period in all treatments, more prominently in the samples from the animals that did not take probiotic. The use of probiotics (B. amyloliquefaciens) is a valid strategy to replace the use of antimicrobials for weaned pigs. The addition of probiotic keeped piglet consumption and performance in the early stages of life.Item Efeito da reutilização da cama de frango no conforto térmico das aves e seu uso como fertilizante para a cultura do milho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-10) Migotto, Dannielle Leonardi; Racanicci, Aline Mondini Calil; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5304081966255411; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Stringhini, José Henrique; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Silva, Wilton Ladeira da; Teixeira, Itamar Rosa; Santos, Vinícius Machado dosA large generation of poultry litter (PL), arising from the increased production of broiler chicken, has become an environmental problem with indiscriminate use. The best forms of reuse are needed to minimize this impact on the environment and to be used by agriculture as a fertilizer to improve physical and chemical soil characteristics and to reduce fertilizer expenditure. Understanding some variables that include the reuse of PL in the livestock environment is also necessary. The enthalpy comfort index (ECI) can be used to understand the environmental conditions in relation to the condition of thermal stress suffered by the animal under conditions of reuse of the PL. The aim of this research was to evaluate the microclimate of sheds of broiler with different types of PL using the ECI, and to evaluate the addition of two chemical soil conditioners in different PL produced as fertilizer in corn crop. The experiments were conducted at Santa Terezinha Farm and GRANJA 54 (Goiás-Brazil), which carries out commercial broiler and grain production. Two broiler sheds (negative pressure tunnel type) measuring 1,680m2 and 20,000 birds/shed were used in this experiment (population density of 11.9 birds/m²). The treatments consist of the amount of reuse of poultry litter (R3 - PL with 3 flocks of reuse and R6 - PL with 6 flocks of reuse). The absorbent material used was a rice husk. No experiment I, of welfare, the design used was completely randomized, with time subdivided plots and the data were analyzed in a factorial scheme 2x4 (poultry litter reuses x schedules), totaling 8 treatments with 12 replicates. Were collected the instantaneous temperature, maximum and minimum of sheds and PL, the relative humidity, ammonia levels and ECI, from 7 to 42 days of age of birds. We used three digital thermo hygrometer at equidistant points in the sheds and as measurements were taken at the following schedules: 07: 00h, 10: 00h, 14: 00h and 19: 00h. ECI equation considers 3 environmental variables: temperature, relative humidity and local barometric pressure (Brasília average = 890mmHG). The results were statistically analyzed using the R software and comparing as media by the Tukey test (5% significance). A difference (P≤0.05) was observed in the relative humidity between sheds, R6 with 47.32% and R3 with 44.31%, and between the measurement hours (P≤0.05), with average humidity higher than 07am with 54.02%, against 44.01% at 10am, 41.09% at 14pm and 44.14% at 19pm. No interaction (P>0.05) was observed for the ECI, being classified as a “comfort zone” for both sheds. The ECI did not differ between the different poultry litter reuse values. This result means that either reuse for six flocks consecutive in relation to three reuse is safe with respect to broiler comfort. In experiment II, the adopted statistical design was the completely randomized, with three blocks and nine treatments, composing a 2x4 factorial scheme (reuse of PL x additive or not), each experimental unit media 27m². The conditioners used for the preparation of the treatments were calcitic limestone (40% of the PL weight) and mineralizer (20lts/ton.PL). The treatments were piled up with 55% moisture, fermented aerobically for 10 days and revolved on the 5th day. The treatments applicabled to the soil were: SC: negative control, without PL; R3: PL with 3 reuses; R3: R3 + Calcitic limestone (C); R3M: R3 + Mineralizer (M); R3CM: R3 + C + M; R6: PL with 6 reuses; R6C: R6 + C; R6M: R6 + M; R6CM: R6 + C + M. All treatments received mineral fertilization with 220kg/ha NPK 05.25.15. 4ton./ha of PL treatments were applied in the soil. The corn planted was the high yield hybrid 30F53VYH (PIONEER®). The results were statistically analyzed using the R software and comparing as media by the Scott-Knott test (5% significance). The treatments with PL presented significant (P≤0,05) values for the variables humidity (R6CM and R3CM), pH (R3CM, R3M and R6M), CTC (R3M, R6, R3 and R6M), calcium (R3C, R3CM, R6C and R6CM), manganese (R3CM, R3C, R6C, R6CM and R3CM), boron (R3M and R6M) and iron (R6CM, R3M, R6M and R3CM). The results of corn yield index showed difference for plant height (2.92m) and first ear insertion (1.62m) in R3M. The PL proved to be favorable in several variables for use in agriculture when compared to the treatment without PL, improving soil variables and morphological characteristics of corn.Item Influência do ambiente na qualidade de oócitos, produção in vitro de embriões e na taxa de prenhez em taurinos, zebuínos e adaptados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-04) Naves, André Coelho; Oliveira Filho, Benedito Dias de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6171669841505540; Gambarini, Maria Lucia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701; Gambarini, Maria Lucia; Pôrto, Regiani Nascimento Gagno; Noronha Filho, Antônio Dionísio Feitosa; Lopes, Dyomar Toledo; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino deThis longitudinal observational study was developed with the objective of evaluating the influence of temperature, humidity and thermal stress, on the quantity and quality of oocytes, embryos and their relationship with the conception rate in different breeds of Bos taurus and Bos indicus species and its compounds adapted to the tropical climate. The temperature and humidity index (THI) was used to study the influence of the environment. A database was used, consisting of 10,489 follicular aspirations with production of 210,120 structures, 168,203 of which are viable and 41,917 not viable, totaling the production of 62,467 (37.14%) embryos and 52,852 (31.43%) transferred structures. For in vitro fertilization of aspirated oocytes, a total of 641 bulls were used in the period from January 2006 to December 2016, analyzing the dry and rainy seasons in the state of Goiás. The results showed differences (P <0.05) in the evaluated characteristics with superior conception rate in the rainy season 37.6 ± 0.4 versus drought 32.4 ± 05. Regarding the production of oocytes, the Zebu cattle showed superiority (6.6 ± 0.1) to the taurino (3.6 ± 0.4) in the studied stations, with the adapted intermediate ones (5.5 ± 0.2). The results of the conception rates showed an influence of the environment on the quality of the recipients, 37.2 ± 0.5 for the Zebu, 48.1 ± 3.0 for the taurino and 37.8 ± 1.2 for the adapted ones. Embryo production was higher in the rainy period than in the drought period (P <0.05). Bos indicus cows showed better response both in relation to the quantity and quality of oocytes obtained and in the production of embryos after in vitro fertilization, also showing the importance of selecting recipients to obtain better results when using embryos from Bos taurus animals.Item Substituição da virginiamicina por produtos à base de levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) em dietas de bovinos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-10) Oliveira, Daiana dos Santos de; Couto, Victor Rezende Moureira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4329309889502866; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; Cabral Filho, Sérgio Lúcio Salomon; Manzano, Ricardo PereiraWith the intensification of production systems, additives such as antibiotics have been widely used in the animals' diet in order to manipulate the rumen environment, avoiding metabolic disorders and improving the digestive efficiency of nutrients. However, some antibiotics have in their composition substances also present in medicines for human use, which can make treatments less effective due to the resistance of certain microorganisms, in addition to the high potential to pollute the environment, and can be banned from the diet provided to animals. In order to replace the use of antibiotics in the diet of cattle, this study used yeast-based products that are considered natural products and have a lower acquisition cost when compared to some antibiotics. The viability of this substitution was evaluated through the digestibility of nutrients and ruminal parameters. Five steers with dairy aptitude were distributed in a 5x5 Latin square. The diets contained roughage: concentrate ratio of 35.5: 64.5, with corn silage being the roughage used, and the concentrate was composed of ground corn, soybean meal, soybean husk, mineral core, calcitic limestone, urea and common salt. . The treatments were: VM: 18mg / kg in the material (MS) of Virginiamycin (VM); CL7: 7g of yeast culture; CL14: 14g of yeast culture; LA7: 7g of autolysed yeast; LA14: 14g of autolyzed yeast. No significant difference was found (P> 0.05) for dry matter consumption with: 8.22; 8.45; 8.33; 8.51 and 8.27 kg consumed; the dry matter digestibility was 61.41%; 53.79%; 57.46%; 54.45% and 55.83%, average ruminal pH of 6.75; 6.76; 6.76; 6.78 and 6.69, for VM; CL7; CL14; LA7 and LA14, respectively. Likewise, no significant difference was found for short-chain fatty acids and ammoniacal nitrogen between treatments, thus suggesting the possibility of replacing Virginiamycin with yeast-based products.Item Capacidade antioxidante de Scutellaria baicalensis para codornas japonesas na fase de postura(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-10) Pereira, Melody Martins Cavalcante; Mello, Heloísa Helena Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510965166352073; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Almeida, Vivian Vezzoni de; Santos, Bruno Moreira dosActive ingredients with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial functions, among others, obtained from plants have been increasingly studied in search of alternatives that can replace synthetic products that have such effects, used as additives in animal feed. Plants rich in flavonoids stand out in these research, such as the genus Scutellaria baicalensis which is a herb traditionally used in Chinese medicine, which is composed of different flavonoids. The benefits of extracting this species have been observed in many human and animal studies, and specifically for poultry there are studies on broilers and laying hens. However, there is little research using it for Japanese quail. The objective of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance, quality of eggs of Japanese quails, receiving additive containing Scutellaria baicalensis extract added to the feed, as well as its antioxidant activity and determination of total flavonoids. 384 42-day-old Japanese quails were used, distributed in four treatments (0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3% of the product containing Scutellaria in the diet) with six replications of 16 animals each. The design used was completely randomized (DIC). The experimental period was 126 days subdivided into four 21-day cycles. For egg quality analysis, variables such as: average egg weight (g), egg yolk, albumen and shell weight (g), shell thickness (mm), Haugh unit, yolk, albumen and shell index and percentage were evaluated. , specific gravity. The antioxidant activity of the product containing Scutellaria baicalensis was evaluated by FRAP, ABTS, DPPH methods and total flavonoids and total phenols were assayed. The collected data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test using the R computational package. The significance level of α = 0.05 was adopted. There were no statistically significant differences in egg performance and quality parameters, showing that the tested levels of the additive containing Scutellaria Baicalensis did not provide improvement or changes in these parameters for Japanese quails. The results of the five laboratory tests performed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the additive showed that it has antioxidant potential.Item Comportamento e bem-estar de reprodutoras suínas em duas idades gestacionais alojadas em sistema de gestação coletiva(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-13) Silvestre, Priscilla Neves; Carmo, Adriana Santana do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0782572407995106; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Stringhini, José Henrique; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; Suguimoto, Carla DanielaIn order to evaluate the animal welfare and behavior of pregnant swine breeders in collective gestation systems, its consequences on the performance of the maternity and the effects on the behavior and welfare of the animals was developed in this study. Behavior assessments were carried out in a commercial farm, located in the municipality of Ipameri -GO during the months of May to July 2019. For this purpose, thirty pregnant sows of the same commercial lineage and with gestational period of 70-80 days and 100-110 days were observed. The sows were housed in a collective system in groups of 10 females per pens. During the observational period and in the morning and afternoon, behavior data were collected through photos, videos and ethograms, environmental data collected through a datalogger that stored information with an interval of 30 minutes and located inside the shed, in addition to thermographic images and respiratory frequency. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. It was observed that in the morning the sows remained more time feeding and moving, while in the afternoon the leisure behavior was predominant. There was also the effect of the gestational period on the behavior of the females, who at the end of gestation expressed a calmer behavior when compared to the period of 70 to 80 days, as well as the effect of the environmental and thermographic variables that demonstrated the effect of bioclimatology under the pregnant sows behaviors. Ambient temperature and gestational age interfere with the behavior of the sows housed in the collective management system.Item Desempenho e respostas fisiológicas de frangos alimentados com rações processadas termicamente, contendo milho ou sorgo, nas fases pós-eclosão e pré-inicial(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-30) Sousa, Regina Fialho de; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936451314440305; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Guimarães, Igo Gomes; Oliveira, Eduardo Miranda deResumo em língua estrangeira: Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance, the metabolizability of nutrients and the physiological responses of chicks fed with thermally processed feed, containing corn or sorghum, in the post-hatch and in the pre-initial phase. In Experiment I, was evaluated the thermal processing of the post-hatch diet, made with corn or sorghum. The design was completely randomized, in a 2x2 factorial scheme (pelleted or extruded feed, containing corn or sorghum), with four treatments, six replications of 30 chicks each. The experimental diets were supplied in transport boxes for 24 hours after hatching. After the post-hatch phase, all chicks were housed and received the same pre-starter feed. Analysis of variance was performed and the means compared by the Tukey test (5%). After 24 hours, chicks that consumed the pelleted post-hatch diet showed less weight loss. There was greater absorption of nutrients from the yolk sac in chicks that consumed feed with sorghum, regardless of thermal processing. It was also found that post-hatch diets with corn, when extruded, resulted in greater specific amylase activity and lower glucose concentration in chicks. At seven days of age, chicks that consumed feed extruded with corn showed worse feed conversion. In Experiment II, the effect of thermal processing of pre-starter diets with sorghum or corn was evaluated on performance, development of TGI and specific activity of amylase and pancreatic lipase in chicks. were used 360 broiler chicks, distributed in completely randomized, in a 2x2 factorial scheme, two ingredients (corn or sorghum) and two types of thermal processing (extrusion or pelletizing), six repetitions of 15 chicks each. The experimental rations were supplied to the chicks in the pre-initial phase (1 to 7 days) and after all the chicks received the same meal, mash. At seven days of age, it was found that chicks fed with extruded feed, based on sorghum, showed better performance. A greater relative weight of the pancreas, jejunum and ileum was observed when the pre-initial diet was based on sorghum. The extruded feed based on corn resulted in greater specific activity of pancreatic amylase. Chicks that consumed feed extruded with sorghum showed greater height of villus in the duodenum and jejunum. The effect of the pre-starter feed on the weight gain observed at seven days of age remained until 21 days. In Experiment III, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the thermal processing of the pre-initial diet for broiler chicks on the performance, development of the digestive tract and metabolizability of nutrients. were used 270 male chicks, distributed in a completely randomized design, with the treatments: pelleted feed and extruded feed. Analysis of variance was performed. At seven days of age, chicks fed extruded feed had less development of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, and worse metabolizability of nitrogen, dry matter, in addition to less metabolizable energy compared to pelleted feed. At 21 days of age, chicks that consumed pelletized pre-starter feed showed better performance compared to extruded feed. It is concluded that post-hatch diets based on sorghum, stimulate the absorption of the yolk sac, regardless of the type of thermal processing used. The extrusion of the pre-initial feed produced with sorghum is the processing that results in better performance, development of the organs of the digestive system. Pelletizing of the pre-starter ration is the most suitable thermal processing for corn-based diets, as it results in greater performance and metabolizability of nutrients in broiler chicks.