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Item Desenvolvimento de marcadores ambientômicos para arroz de terras altas (Oryza sativa L.) em território brasileiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-30) Bahia, Marco Antônio Marcelino; Teixeira, Sônia Milagres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596947832723945; Sette Júnior, Carlos Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6511764239807115; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7248301627149286; Resende, Rafael Tassinari; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Zaidan, Úrsula RamosRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple foods in the Brazilian diet, and therefore, its cultivation and productive independence are strategically essential for ensuring the population's food security. Within rice farming, selecting the appropriate genotype for planting is the factor that most strongly impacts the outcome of the endeavor. In order to support this decision-making process, enviromics has been applied with the objective of selecting genotypes with higher productive potential for specific areas of interest. The aim of this study was to generate and analyze the contribution of enviromic markers to the total upland rice production data in Brazilian territory. The experimental data were provided by Embrapa Rice and Beans and involved the evaluation of 2,119 rice genotypes in 187 municipalities or localities across the country, spanning the period from 1982 to 2018. For the generation of enviromic markers, data from the SoilGrids, WorldClim, and NASA POWER platforms were used, resulting in a total of 393 environmental covariates collected. The generation of enviromic markers was performed using the Monte Carlo method, with 10,000 iterations and always considering the presence of the 187 municipalities where the Embrapa experiments were conducted. The Random Forest package and the IncMSE and IncNodePurity methods were used to evaluate the importance of each covariate for the model applied throughout the Brazilian territory. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for seasonal precipitation was the most important covariate for both models.Item Diversidade genética de BGMV em linhagens elite de feijoeiro-comum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-06-30) Bertholdo, Naíze Motta; Faria, Josias Corrêa de; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Faria, Josias Corrêa de; Dianese, Érico de Campos; Araújo, Leila Garcês deBrazil is the main common bean consumer in the world, also being the main producer, whose production supply the intern market. Among the factors that influence the productivity, the wide distribution of Bean golden mosaic virus in common bean fields is very important because it can cause chlorosis, leaf crumpling and stunting, and lead up to 100% yield losses. As a response to that, Embrapa developed, through the RNAi approach, a transgenic common bean line with resistance to the Bean golden mosaic virus. Nonetheless, the presence of a resistance gene can increase the selection pressure over the pathogen, that can mutate and overcome the resistance. Despite being DNA viruses, it is described that in species of Begomovirus, the genus of the BGMV, mutation rates are similar to those of RNA viruses. Nevertheless, until now, BGMV has shown smaller genetic variability compared to other species of the genus. The objective of this work was to characterize BGMV populations that infect different common bean elite lines, transgenic and conventional, in two locations: Brasília and Santo Antônio de Goiás. To that, leaf samples from different elite lines were collected in Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) trials, searching for differences in viral populations from different sources. We used a strategy widely used on studies related to other living beings: next generation DNA sequencing followed by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping. The SNPs obtained were used to carry out genetic diversity analysis. The estimates of the proportion of polymorphic sites and of Nei’s gene diversity revealed a greater genetic diversity in viral populations sampled in transgenic plants. The results suggest that, despite the restriction to the viral replication and, therefore, of smaller viral populations, the necessary conditions to the occurrence of selection pressure are given. In the genetic structure analysis, a significant effect was attributed to localities, as has been widely described in literature.Item Estabilidade e potencial produtivo de linhagens de feijão-comum desenvolvidas sob fixação biológica de nitrogênio avaliadas em multi-ambientes(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-31) Caetano, João Pedro Miranda; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9132553601896172; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Vidotti, Miriam Suzane; Dias, Polianna Alves Silva; Melo, Leonardo CunhaChemical nitrogen fertilization is a common practice in bean fertilization, but it is expensive and can have negative environmental impacts, as well as synthetic fertilizer not being a renewable source. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is one of the most sustainable ways of supplying legumes with nitrogen. In the last two decades, BNF has returned to the focus of common bean breeding programs, mainly by evaluating the potential of strains for BNF in various environments, with a view to recommending adapted and stable genotypes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance and productive stability of elite common bean lines of the carioca group developed under BNF. The lines were obtained by crossing the genitors CNFC10762 and the wild accession G234999A, which has a high BNF rate but few favorable agronomic characteristics. After backcrossing, the progenies that were advanced and selected under BNF were obtained. The 15 elite lines (L) obtained and three check genotypes were evaluated in six environments, made up of the combination of location/harvest/year. Two experiments were conducted in each environment, one with nitrogen fertilization of 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen through mineral fertilizers and the other inoculated with a mixture of Rhizobium tropici and R. freirei without mineral nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications, and the plots were made up of three three-metre rows spaced 0.5 m apart. Individual and joint analyses of variance were carried out for grain yield and the stability analysis was done using the WAASB method, which combines the predictive capacity of the BLUP mixed model with the graphical tools of the AMMI model. The effect of the L x FN interaction was significant (P<0.01), with the genotypes performing better when there was nitrogen fertilization. Among these strains, CNFC10762 and CNFC20367 had the best performance and productive stability when both N sources were considered, i.e. they have dual aptitude characteristics and are adapted to both mineral N and BNF systems. For inoculated environments, the control CNFC10762 and the genotypes CNFC20389, CNFC20367 and CNFC20379 stood out, showing the best relationship between productive performance and stability. Common bean breeding was unable to develop lines, originating from wild germplasm, that are more productive than the controls genotypes developed under an exclusive system of mineral N fertilization. The lines from this work will be indicated as progenitors to form new breeding base populations.Item Capacidade de combinação de híbridos simples de milho e interação com épocas de plantio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-30) Castro, Laís Lopes de; Guedes, Márcio Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8695921024674566; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; Souza, João Cândido de; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães SantosThe high yield obtained in the corn crop and the increases in world production are due to the advances obtained with the genetic breeding. The high productivity obtained in the corn crop and the increases in world production are due to the advances obtained with the genetic improvement. Within the breeding programs, one of the most important decision-making is the formation and choice of the base populations used in the breeding, as they are the ones that will extract the superior strains, so they must gather favorable alleles for characteristics of interest, and for that it is necessary to include several parents in the genealogy of a population. A good strategy for the formation of base populations is the identification of simple high-performance hybrids with high combining capacities for the characteristics of interest. The objective of this study was to identify promising parents and crosses for population formation for the UFG maize breeding program, considering four planting seasons. For the identification of the best parents to compose the new base population, they were evaluated in Goiânia-GO in four planting seasons during the 2018/2019 harvest under a complete diallel genetic design, 6 parents (simple hybrids) and 15 crosses (double hybrids) totaling 21 treatments in the diallel scheme and 5 other controls for comparison purposes. As the behavior of the genotypes is greatly influenced by environmental variations, the analysis of genotype interaction with environments like GGE Biplot was performed. The plant height and ear height characters can be used for selection in the four environments based on the CGC values. There was no pattern of behavior for the determination coefficient estimates (R2) over the four experiments. Parent G1 was better for decreasing the corn cycle with negative flowering values, but in general it presented poor values for CGC and CEC. Parents G2, G3 and G4 showed the best CGC values for the primary production components, and parent G5 as the most stable, although with CGC below the general average. The G1 x G2 cross obtained the highest CEC and at the same time was the most unstable. The G1 x G4, G3 x G6 and G1 x G6 crosses were the most stable and with CEC values higher than the general averagItem Seleção de genótipos e mapeamento de QTLs para resistência à murcha de fusário em feijão carioca(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-10-07) Cavalheiro, Sâmela Beutinger; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0729719587905292; Pereira, Helton Santos; Torga, Paula Pereira; Ishikawa, Francine Hiromi; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Brondani, CláudioFusarium wilt, caused by the soil fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, is a disease of great importance in the bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Chemical control is not efficient and the use of resistant cultivars, within an integrated management strategy, is the most efficient way to control this disease. However, there is little information about the genetic control of the Fusarium wilt reaction and few carioca bean cultivars with satisfactory resistance level. Thus, three studies were carried out, with the objectives of: identifying parents and segregating populations of carioca beans with resistance to Fusarium wilt and other important characters; estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters and select carioca bean lines with resistance to fusarium wilt, high yield and mass of 100 grains and good visual appearance of grains; to study genetic control and identify molecular markers linked to QTLs that control the reaction to Fusarium wilt in the carioca bean cultivar BRS Notável. All evaluations were carried out in Santo Antônio de Goiás-GO, in the winter crop (sowing in May), in an area with high pathogen infestation, with central pivot irrigation. In the first study, 21 populations obtained from crosses in a complete diallel scheme between seven parents with grain carioca and some degree of resistance to Fusarium wilt were evaluated, together with two controls. Populations were evaluated in the F3, F4 and F5 generations, in 2012, 2013 and 2014, in a randomized block design, with three replications. The reaction to Fusarium wilt was evaluated using a grading scale, in addition to yield and mass of 100 grains. There were significant differences between populations for all traits evaluated. Additive and non-additive effects were important for Fusarium wilt reaction, yield and 100 grain mass. Cultivar BRS Notável was the most promising parent to participate in new crosses, presenting estimates of general combining ability (gi) different from zero, favoring the increase in resistance to fusarium wilt (-0.51), yield (87.90) and mass of 100 grains (0.23). The populations BRS Notável / CNFC 15872, BRS Ametista / BRS Notável, BRS Notável / BRSMG Talismã and BRS Ametista / BRSMG Talismã were the most promising for obtaining lines. In the second study, 114 lines obtained from BRS Notável / BRS Ametista and BRS Notável / CNFC 15872 populations, selected for their high resistance to Fusarium wilt, yield and mass of 100 grains, were evaluated. The 114 lines and seven controls were evaluated in experiments in triple lattice design 11 x 11, in the years 2015 and 2016, for reaction to Fusarium wilt and visual grain analysis, both using a grading scale, in addition to yield and 100 grain mass. Analysis of variance and genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated. Genetic variability was detected among lines for the four characters. The high estimates of heritability, above 63%, and of expected gain with direct selection indicated the possibility of obtaining genetic gains for each character alone (23.0% for fusarium wilt reaction, 12.3% for yield, 9.6% for mass of 100 grains and 10.5% for visual appearance of grains). The simultaneous selection of 24 lines (21%) for the four characters showed gains of 12.9% for reaction to Fusarium wilt, 5.6% for yield, 3.4% for mass of 100 grains and 6.1% for visual aspect of grain. Three lines stood out (CNFC 19126, CNFC 19205 and CNFC 19131), being superior to BRS Notável for all characters. In the third study, the genotyping of SNPs and SilicoDArT markers was carried out using the DArTseq technology in the F2 generation of a mapping population obtained from the cross between the cultivars of Mesoamerican origin BRS Notável (resistant), of carioca grain, and BRS Supremo (susceptible), with black grains. Seventy-three progenies were evaluated for reaction to Fusarium wilt, by means of a grading scale, in the years/generations 2018/F2:4 and 2019/F2:5, together with the parents and five controls, in a block design at the random, with three repetitions. Analysis of variance and genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated. A genetic map with 463 markers was obtained, with a total length of 1598.6 cM and average distance between markers of 3.5 cM. The analysis of phenotypic data showed variability between progenies and possibility of success with selection, with high estimates of genetic variance, heritability (90.6%) and expected gain with selection (28.5%), based on the joint analysis. Three QTLs were identified explaining between 25.1 and 50.4% of the phenotypic variation, all on chromosome 7, one in each of the evaluated years/generations (FOP7.2NS/ 2018 and FOP7.3NS/ 2019) and another based on in the joint analysis (FOP7.1NS). These three QTLs intersected between their intervals, with high stability in different years/generations. Therefore, the inheritance of the reaction in cultivar BRS Notável is quantitative, with the presence of some genes with greater effect. The additive effect for QTL FOP7.1NS was -1.24, indicating increased resistance in the presence of the BRS Notável parent allele. The SNP marker “SNP_Chr07_28294499_M12143”, present in all QTLs, explained 44.8% of the variation based on the pooled analysis. This marker is indicated to obtain probes for further validation.Item Modelos de predição genômica multi-ambiental em milho tropical: produtividade de grãos e staygreen(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-04-28) Crispim Filho, Ailton José; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Môro, Gustavo Vitti; Souza Júnior, Cláudio Lopes de; Costa Neto, Germano Martins Ferreira; Toledo, Fernando Henrique Ribeiro BarrozoStaygreen and grain yield are agronomic traits of interest to be evaluated in modern maize breeding programs. A modern approach to improving these traits can be genomic selection, whose efficiency depends, among other factors, on the proper choice of the prediction model to be used, the effects that will be accounted for in this model and the resources and time required for the prediction process of the phenotypes. In this work, three parametric models and a non-parametric model were used in the multi-environment genomic prediction of single maize hybrids for staygreen and grain yield, considering additive effects, exclusively, and together with dominance effects. The phenotypic data refer to the evaluation of 152 single maize hybrids, from the crossing of 42 inbred lines, evaluated in 13 environments for grain yield and 8 environments for staygreen. The lines were genotyped with 13,826 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers using the GBS (Genotyping by Sequencing) method, and their genotypic combinations were used to generate the genotypes of the hybrids. Adjusted means for each genotype at each location were used to train the genomic prediction models. The predictive ability was measured using Pearson's mean correlation, obtained using the ten-fold system. The models' predictive abilities ranged from 0.23 to 0.83 for grain yield and 0.44 to 0.72 for staygreen. The inclusion of dominance effects in all parametric models increased the predictive abilities for both traits, and for grain yield the average increase was 25%. This confirms that the inclusion of non-additive effects in the prediction model allows better exploration of heterosis and greater precision in genomic selection. The models did not differ between attributes linked to predictive ability. Due to the lower computational demand of GBLUP, it is the most suitable to predict the phenotypic performance of these characters in this data set. Prediction with the additive-dominant GBLUP model indicates the possibility of selecting better combinations of inbred lines than those already performed, which potentially increase grain and staygreen productivity by selecting the best 15 hybrids per prediction for each character separately.Item Análise comparativa de sequências completas de genomas de cloroplasto de Pterodon emarginatus e Pterodon pubescens (Leguminosae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-11) Freitas, Juliana Borges Pereira Brito; Taquary, Adriana Maria Antunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8869318023800691; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; Dias, Renata de OliveiraFREITAS, J. B. P. B. Comparative analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequences of Pterodon emarginatus and P. pubescens (Leguminosae). 2020. Dissertation (Master in Genetics and Plant Breeding) – School of Agronomy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, 2020.¹ The chloroplast is a cellular organelle that has its own genome. Several projects of chloroplast genome sequencing have been developed with species of the legume group, family to which the species Pterodon emarginatus and P. pubescens belong. These two species of the genus Pterodon are native to the Cerrado biome, are popularly known as sucupira branca or faveira, and have potential for medicinal use and lumber. The present work aimed to know and compare the structure and organization of the chloroplastidial genomes of P. emarginatus and P. pubescens, in order to collaborate with the knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships between these species. Sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genomes were assembled using a de novo strategy associated with reference genome guided assembly. Annotation of genes and repetitive regions of the genomes was performed. In addition, nucleotide diversity was estimated and phylogenetic relationships of these species with other species of the Leguminosae family, whose chloroplastid genomes are available in databases, were analyzed. These diversity and phylogeny analyses were performed based on the gene sequences of the chloroplastidial genomes. The complete sequence of the chloroplastidial genome of P. emarginatus is 159,823 bp, while that of P. pubescens is 159,818 bp. Both genomes have a quadripartite structure, composed of two inverted regions (IR) with 25,584 bp in both species, separated by a short single copy region (SSC), with 19,359 bp and 19,367 bp, respectively, for P. pubescens and P. emarginatus and a long single copy region (LSC), with 89,291 bp in P. pubescens and 89,288 bp in P. emarginatus. A total of 127 genes were predicted in the chloroplast genome in both species, among which, 109 single copy genes and 18 duplicated genes in the inverted regions. A total of 143 microsatellite regions were identified in P. emarginatus and 141 in P. pubescens. The gene content was similar to that of other chloroplastidial genomes of legume species, with an emphasis on similarity with Dipteryx alata and Styphnolobium japonicum, with few exceptions of gene losses and gains. Nucleotide diversity estimates of gene regions were 0.062 in LSC, 0.076 in SSC, and 0.036 in IR. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the proximity between the genera Pterodon and Dipteryx, both from the clade Dipterygeae as well as the close relationship between the clades ADA and Cladrastis. The genetic information obtained on the chloroplastidial genomes of P. emarginatus and P. pubescens in this study reinforces the similarity and evolutionary proximity between these species. These results may contribute to other studies, such as molecular systematics and population genetics and phylogeography.Item Variabilidade genética de Dipteryx alata Vogel (Leguminosae): novos marcadores microssatélites, fluxo de pólen in situ e ex situ e genética da paisagem em escala local(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-23) Guimarães, Rejane Araújo; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Mansano, Vidal de Freitas; Borba, Tereza Cristina de Oliveira; Chaves, Lázaro José; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre FelizolaDipteryx alata is a Neotropical tree widely distributed throughout the Brazilian Cerrado. Popularly known as baru, it is one of the most promising Cerrado species for domestication and cultivation due to its wide potential use. The general goal of this work was to assess reproductive system and pollen-mediated gene flow patterns of in situ and ex situ conditions and to evaluate how landscape may influence intrapopulation genetic structure. New microsatellite markers were developed using high performance sequencing technologies, then the ten most polymorphic were selected and used in this work. The evaluation of the reproductive system and pollen dispersal was carried out in a germplasm collection (ex situ) located at the Universidade Federal de Goiás and in one natural population (in situ) in Orizona-GO, central Brazil. The natural population was also used to evaluate landscape influence on intrapopulation genetic structure in adult and juvenile trees. In situ and ex situ conditions showed a high cross fertilization rate (tm = 0.815 and tm = 0.934), respectively, confirming that the D. alata presents a mixed-mating system, predominantly allogamous. The number of seeds sharing the same pollen donors was high, indicating a low number of pollen donors per tree under both conditions. This may be related to the proximity between groups of trees, considering that there is less cross-pollination between groups of more distant trees. Another factor that may have influenced cross-pollination over long distances is the heterogeneous landscape due to habitat fragmentation. The results indicate the presence of a positive and significant spatial genetic structure (SGS) in both stages of life (adults and juveniles) with the highest Sp value in juveniles. Bayesian cluster analysis showed the formation of two groups in both adults and juveniles. Juvenile individuals presented greater interference from landscape compositions. Thus, the inclusion of the landscape features brought an explanation gain to the pattern of intrapopulation genetic structure in the D. alata species. These results are important to support more efficient conservation strategies for this species.Item Relações filogenéticas entre isolados fúngicos de Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum Rchb. f., de Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) e de Rhizoctonia spp. Fitopatogênicas ao arroz e ao feijão(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-21) Luzini, Aline Pereira; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488880262260757; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-3733-7059; Araújo, Leila Garcês de; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; Pereira, Marlon Corrêa; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesThe orchids Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum (epiphyte) and Epidendrum nocturnum (rupicola) occur in areas anthropized of cerrado and cerrado rupestre, respectively. Even though, Rhizoctonia sp. is pathogenic to various crops, it is one of the more frequent genera among the microrrhizal fungi. Studies on fungal phylogenetics utilizing the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of rDNA are important for evaluating specificity between plant and fungus, the evolutionary history of species and host - pathogen interactions. The objective of the present study include molecular characterization and establishment of phylogenetic relationships among endophytic/micorrhizal fungi isolates of C. saintlegerianum and of E. nocturnum pertaining to genera Rhizoctonia sp., Xylaria sp. and isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. pathogenic to rice and common beans and of isolates obtained from Genbank. The genomic DNA of one micorrhizal isolate, two of Xylaria sp. (endophytic), and four of rice and bean pathogens were extracted, and soon after sequencing of ITS 1 and ITS2 of nrDNA was done. The phylogenetic relations, inferred by Bayesian analysis among the rhizoctonia-like isolates of the present study and found in GenBank showed three clusters, and Xylarioides showed one cluster. The molecular results of micorrhizal Rhizoctonia sp. and Xylariodes are in close agreement with the results on morphology. The micorrhizal isolates formed one poliphyletic clad with the isolates of the GenBank. The micorrhizal isolate of Rhizoctonia sp. obtained from E. nocturnum formed one lineage different from Rhizoctonia spp. originating from other orchid species of GenBank. The Xylarioides isolates obtained in the present study showed lineage different of the found in GenBank.Item Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de linhagens de arroz de terras altas por meio da lógica fuzzy(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-05) Maciel, Douglas de Oliveira; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Ramos, Paulo Henrique; Botelho, Flavia Barbosa SilvaThe selection of lines for characters of agronomic interest is done with evaluations in different environments. As the environments are diversified and several lines are evaluated, it is expected that the interaction between genotypes by environments will occur, and that it will play an important role in the manifestation of the phenotype. Adaptability and stability studies have been used in breeding programs to help the selection process where the interaction of genotypes by environments has been reported. The evaluation is based on parameters provided by methodologies and requires the breeder's experience, making it difficult as the number of evaluated genotypes increases. Fuzzy logic stands out for allowing the automation of decision making, and also classifying how much a genotype belongs to each set. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genotypes in terms of adaptability and stability through fuzzy logic, using data on agronomic characters of upland rice from the breeding program of UFG and partners. Eight lines from the UFG breeding program, ten from UFLA and two commercial cultivars were evaluated for grain yield, plant height and number of days to flowering, in VCU trials at six locations in the state of Goiás in four agricultural years, in the 2017/18 to 2020/21 harvests. The trials varied between locations over the years, totaling thirteen environments for grain yield and plant height, and eight environments for number of days to flowering. The design was complete randomized blocks, with three replications, and plots of four lines of 4 meters, spaced by 0.45 meters. The useful area considered was 3 meters from the central lines. The adaptability and stability analyzes considered a fuzzy controller based on the Eberhart and Russell (1966) method, and a hybrid controller, based on the Lin and Binss (1988) methods, modified by Carneiro (1998) and associated with Eberhart and Russell (1966). Both controllers classified the lines into four sets in terms of performance relative to adaptability and stability (general, poorly adapted, favorable environments, unfavorable environments). The CSD 08004 line showed broad adaptability and stability for plant height and grain yeld, in addition to a pertinence value close to classification as adaptability and general stability for the number of days to flowering. Thus, the CSD 08004 line can be recommended for cultivation in the region of the State of Goiás.Item Melhoramento genético do feijão-comum assistido por marcadores moleculares: identificação, caracterização, mapeamento e piramidação de alelos de resistência a doenças(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-10-11) Messias, Lucas Matias Gomes; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9650183308779143; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; Oliveira, Bruna Mendes de; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; Pereira, Helton Santos; Vianello, Rosana PereiraThe common bean's yield and commercial grain quality are constantly challenged by more than 45 diseases and post-harvest biochemical changes like grain darkening. The productivity, nutritional quality, and minor post-harvest changes (slow darkening) are of great importance for the acceptance of the product in the market. The aims of this study were: 1) mapping the genomic region associated with anthracnose resistance from a population (BRSMG Realce x BRS FC104) with 161 F2 plants that were phenotyped for reaction to race 475 of the fungi Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and genotyped with SNPs markers using the DArTseq technology; 2) Validation of SNPs markers previously identified as linked to anthracnose and angular leaf spot resistance alleles using a set with 376 genotypes, including elite lines, cultivars, and common bean landraces; 3) Establish an allele pyramiding program by marker-assisted selection for anthracnose, angular leaf spot, and fusarium wilt in common bean of carioca type with slow darkening of grains. The results shown that anthracnose resistance in BRSMG Realce is controlled by a single locus (R2=54,6%) with complete dominance, provisionally designated as CoPv04R, and mapped in a genomic region with 704,867 bp comprising 44 putative genes related to the pathogen-host interaction. The SNPs markers snp12782 (1,182,123 bp), snp3308 (505,696 bp) and snp1327 (477,285 bp) were indicated to monitor the CoPv04R allele introgression with a selection efficiency of 99,0%. Based on these results and the usefulness of CoPv04R for breeding purposes, it is proposed that the locus be officially nominated in accordance with the rules established by the Bean Improvement Cooperative Genetics Committee. Regarding the validation of markers previously identified as associated with bean diseases, of the nine evaluated SNPs, seven showed the potential to be incorporated into the assisted selection routine along with Embrapa's common bean breeding programs (snpPV0025-Phg-2; snpPV0027-Phg-5; snpPV0046-Co-u; snpPV0068-Co-42; snpPV0070-Co-42; snpP8282v3-817-Co-42; snpPV0079-Phg-5). The SNP markers snpPV0025 and snpPV0079 are indicated to monitor the Phg-2 and Phg-5 allele introgression, respectively. The genotyped system based on TaqMan™ assay in qPCR for the SNP markers snpPV0070, snpP8282v3-817, and snpPV0025 were specific for target-alleles Co-42, Co-42, and Phg-2, respectively. The markers snpPV0070, and snpP8282v3-817 show a selection efficiency of 99,0%. The target-allele pyramiding assisted by SNP markers snpP8282v3-817, and ANAAJK6 allowed the early selection of nine progenies combining the alleles Co-42 and FOP2.3403H in homozygosis, respectively. The selection with the marker PvbHLHp12804 (sdsd) was 100% coincident with the grains' slow-darkening phenotype after 140 storage days. Our results showed that the identification and validation of molecular markers identified as associated with target alleles for traits of agronomic importance in the common bean is essential to guide the choice of superior genotypes and improve selection efficiency, attributing speed to the genetic improvement program.Item Variabilidade genética quantitativa e estrutura populacional de Dipteryx alata Vog. do cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-11-30) Mota, Elias Emanuel Silva; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Chaves, Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; Chaves, Lázaro José; Novaes, Evandro; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Nabout, João Carlos; Rodrigues, FabrícioThe objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for quantitative traits of Dipteryx alata; to infer about the influence of climatic, edaphic and geographic factors on the phenotypic divergence among subpopulations and to compare the population genetic structure of the species, based on quantitative and molecular data, to infer about the adaptive processes in the subpopulations. The germplasm collection consists of 600 plants in the field, in a randomized complete block design, with four replications and one plant per plot. Seedlings from the sowing in mid-October 2011 were transplanted to the field in March 2012. A phenotypic evaluation was also carried out in the 25 natural subpopulations, in which leaf and inflorescence data were collected from adult plants in six states of Central Brazil, sampling six plants per subpopulation. A composite sample of soil was also obtained with subsamples collected in the projection of the canopy of the plants. The evaluations of the plants from the germplasm collection, for the purposes of this study, began in March 2013, being the individual accessions characterized morphologically and agronomically. The quantitative data of the collection and the natural subpopulations were submitted to descriptive analysis, analysis of variance and correlation between the silvicultural characters. From the variance components, the genetic parameters of interest were also estimated. The comparison of the population genetic structure via microsatellite marker (FST) and quantitative data (QST) was performed based on the probability distributions of the values of the two estimates, which were generated by parametric bootstrap using 10000 resamples. There was significant variation between subpopulations and progenies within subpopulations, for most of the traits evaluated. There is genetic variability both among and within subpopulation, and its structuring is inherent to the evaluated variable. The traits, initial height, final height, initial diameter, final diameter, stem height and crown diameter showed higher heritability values, having a greater potential for genetic gain by selection and breeding. The geographic distances matrix showed low magnitude correlation only with the distances matrix of the phenotypic data of leaves and with the data matrix of the nutritional contents of leaves. The results of the Mantel tests suggested that the environmental factors (climate and soil), as well as the geographical distribution of the subpopulations are associated, even in small magnitude, with the phenotypic divergence among the subpopulations. Eighteen of the twenty seven characters evaluated for the species suggest that drift is the main cause of differentiation among subpopulations.Item Estrutura genética, fluxo gênico e sistema reprodutivo de Anacardium occidentale L. do cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-11-22) Oliveira, Leciane Karita de; Collevatti, Rosane Garcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9979596352166630; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4648436798023532; Telles, Mariana Pires de Campos; Rodrigues, Flavia Melo; Almeida, Luciane Madureira de; Chaves, Lazaro José; Soares, Thannya NascimentoBecause constant degradation of the Cerrado the persistence of long-term populations in their natural habitat may be compromised, as a result of loss of genetic variability. To gene-rate useful information for the implementation of conservation programs in situ and ex situ to Anacardium occidentale L. ecotype from Cerrado, species popularly known as cajuzinho-do-campo. This work had the objective: evaluate, based on microsatellite markers, the ma-ting system, spatial pattern of gene flow intra-population, genetic structure of spontaneous populations and the germplasm collection of the Federal University of Goiás and the landsca-pe influence the genetic structure of populations. For the difference in scale and type of analysis of populations, the work was separated into three chapters. In the first, titled "Ma-ting system, space genetic structure and contemporary gene flow in Anacardium occidentale L ", analyzes were made to answer questions related to the reproductive system and evoluti-onary processes that occur within a population of the species, individuals were sampled three stages of life. As a result it was observed that the species has mating system predomi-nantly outcrossing, the difference between multilocus and single locus outcrossing rate was positive and significant, indicating 16.4% of outcrossing between related individuals. Only 0.05% of the seeds were from selfing. Was assigned paternity to 45% of the seeds. In all ma-trices multiple paternity was observed with 6.7 effective number of pollen donors in each matrix. The pollen pool received by matriz had significant difference (фFT = 0.124). The pol-len dispersal occurred in greater proportion to short distances (41 m), but may reach distan-ces greater than 130 m. The effective area of pollination was 9410 m2 and the effective size of the neighborhood of 18 individuals. The seed dispersal probably occurs at distances grea-ter than the sampled area, which limited the powers of parents of juvenile individuals. Found high genetic diversity within the populationwith reduction the values of adults for seeds and increased inbreeding. The adults showed high genetic neighborhood (262 individuals), re-sulting from weak spatial genetic structure. In the second chapter, titled "Diversity and gene-tic structure of spontaneous populations and germplasm collection of Anacardium occiden-tale L. ecotype from Cerrado", populations were analyzed distributed in the Cerrado to as-sess the genetic variability and its structure between populations, was also analyzed the germplasm collection as the variability and its representation compared to the population. Was observed that the populations have high genetic variability and significant inbreeding. The geographical distribution of genetic diversity and allelic richness showed pattern central - peripheral. Genetic differentiation was weak and significant (RST = 0.095), with a pattern of isolation by distance. Populations with distance of up to 140 m are more similar than expec-ted by chance. There were no significant signs of genetic bottleneck. Individuals in the germ-plasm collection showed high genetic similarity, genetic differentiation was higher among offspring than between populations (θS = 184 and θP = 0.014, respectively). The variability of the collection is representative as the existing variability in spontaneous populations. Fi-nally, in the third chapter titled "Effects pattern of landscape on the variability and genetic structure of populations Anacardium occidentale L. ecotype from Cerrado", we analyzed the genetic structure at the landscape scale to Goiás state populations. Was observed that the main type of matrix around the populations are remaining natural vegetation and pasture, with great variation in the remaining percentage. There was a relationship between the change in allelic richness and remaining percentage of natural vegetation and predominant matrix around the populations in the lowest values were found when the predominant type of matrix is the pasture. Inbreeding was related to landscape when characterized for 2 km scale, where there was a higher inbreeding when the predominant type of matrix is the pas-ture. Due to anthropogenic changes in the landscape there was genetic discontinuity between eight pairs of populations. These results indicate that the fragmentation and change in land use are influencing the genetic variability and gene flow of populations.Item Efeito da superexpressão do gene OVP1 em parâmetros fisiológicos e caracteres relacionados a produtividade de grãos em arroz de terras altas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-05) Rocha, Dhiôvanna Corrêia; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Prado, Guilherme SouzaPopulation growth, climate change and reduction of area for cultivation are some of challenges that agriculture has been facing in recent years, making it necessary to develop cultivars to meet global demand for food. The highland rice cultivar BRSMG Curinga was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens to overexpress the OVP1 gene. OVP1 gene encodes a protein that pumps protons across membranes using the energy from breaking down inorganic pyrophosphate (Pi) and trigger various metabolic and morphological changes in plants. This work aimed to evaluate the performance of some traits related to grain yield, physiology, and gene expression of genetically modified (GM) rice that overexpressed the OVP1 gene (OVP1-E4) compared to the non-genetically modified (NGM). Two experiments were carried out under controlled conditions at Embrapa Rice and Beans in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. The experimental design was based on complete randomized blocks with eight repetitions for the first experiment and four for the second. Some traits related to grain yield in rice and physiological data were collected with the IRGA device during the reproductive phase (stages R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8 e R9), making it possible to estimate the carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci) and the instantaneous (A/E) and intrinsic water (A/Gs) use efficiency were estimated. The OVP1 gene was quantified by RT-qPCR and the transcriptome was evaluated through RNAseq. A joint analysis of variance (p<0.05) was performed for the collected data in the two experiments. The OVP1-E4 event stood out for producing 21% more grains per panicle and 31% more filled grains than NGM. Significant physiological changes were found during grain filling (R6). At this stage, the OVP1-E4 event showed an increase of 61% in the photosynthetic rate and was 89% more efficient in carboxylation than NGM, without the occurrence of an increase in stomatal conductance and in the transpiratory rate. GM plants were also more efficient in using water. OVP1 gene was more expressed in the OVP1-E4 event during the grain filling period, and genes involved in photosynthesis were up-regulated in GM plants. Overexpression of OVP1 gene resulted in plants with physiological and phenotypic changes that pave the way for the development of rice cultivars more physiologically more efficient and more productive.Item Mapeamento de QTL para caracteres de importância agronômica em arroz no cruzamento Araguaia X Maninjau(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-09-30) Santos, Jéssica Fernanda Ferreira dos; Brondani, Claudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4775600104554147; Brondani, Claudio; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Borba, Tereza Cristina de OliveiraThe productivity of the main food crops will not be sufficient to meet the anticipated demands for food. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food for a large part of the world population, and increasing its productivity has been one of the main objectives of breeding programs in the world, with the aim of developing rice cultivars with greater productive potential and production stability than those available today. Adaptability and stability studies, together with the mapping of QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) aiming at the discovery of markers for assisted selection, can boost the obtaining of commercial cultivars that meet the demand for rice grain production. This work aimed to identify: 1) Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) productive, with greater adaptability and stability, and 2) QTLs related to important agronomic characters in a population of RILs from the interspecific crossing Araguaia x Maninjau. The adaptability and stability analysis was performed in two locations (Boa Vista - RR and Goianira - GO) to obtain phenotypic data of four agronomic traits and identification of superior inbred lines. The RILs and the genitors were genotyped by the DArTseq methodology to obtain SNPs markers and silico DArTs for the QTL mapping. After consolidating the data from the field and genotyping experiments, the QTLs analysis was performed considering 234 RILs and 8,911 SNPs and DArTs by the multiple interval mapping method, with LOD≥ 3.0. The interspecific crossing generated enough variability to select superior inbred lines and favorable alleles for QTL mapping. The Goianira experiment showed the most productive RILs (average of 6,455 kg/ha) and the most resistant to lodging (average score of 1.7), while the Boa Vista experiment showed precocious RILs (average of 72.1 days until flowering) and lower plants (average height of 106.51 cm). The genitor Maninjau had a better phenotypic performance for productivity, while Araguaia was more precocious, lower and resistant to lodging. Two line stood out for performing well in different environments for multiple characters. Twenty-two significant QTLs (LOD≥ 3.0) were identified, six for grain yield, five for days to flowering and 11 for plant height, with explained phenotypic variation ranging from 3.94% to 35.36 The QTL PTHT12 for plant height had stability between environments. The QTL mapping confirmed that the genitor Maninjau was the donor of 66.6% of the favorable alleles to increase grain productivity, and that Araguaia was the donor of 100% of the favorable alleles for early flowering and 63.3% for size low in RILs. The line with the best performance are indicated to continue in the breeding program. Potential markers were identified for grain yield, flowering and plant height, and are indicated for the validation step for use in the assisted selection routine of rice breeding programs in BrazilItem Potencial genético de germoplasma elite de feijão carioca para resistência ao mofo-branco(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-05-07) Silva, Letícia Iannacone Di Maio; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9650183308779143; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; Silva Filho, João Luis daThe common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) represents an important source of protein and fiber on human nutrition and Brazil stands out on the production and consumption of this leguminous, especially those of the carioca market class. The incidence of white mold, one of the most destructive diseases of bean, is among the factors responsible for the reduction of the productivity and the increasing of the production costs, meanly in winter irrigated crops, in which the microclimatic conditions such as mild temperatures and high humidity contribute for a higher proliferation of the disease. There are few cultivars or Brazilian bean elite lines that have partial resistance to the white mold, thus, the objectives of this paper are: (i) to characterize cultivars and elite lines of the carioca bean regarding the reaction to the white mold on the field and in a controlled environment aiming to select resistance sources and (ii) to estimate genetical parameters and number of genes controlling the character for resistance to white mold in a controlled environment utilizing the RILs K-407 × BRS Cometa population. During the characterization of the cultivars and elite lines the field trials were held in Goianira (GO), and Oratorios (MG), and in controlled environment it was utilized the modified straw test. A 1 to 9 visual score scale was utilized for the evaluation of the trials. The data were subjected to statistical analysis utilizing mixed models through REML / BLUP and the best genotypes were selected by their selection coincidence coefficient. Accordingly to the results the elite lineages selected as resistant both in the field and controlled environment were CNFC 16820, CNFC 15875, CNFC 15859 and CNFC 15458, in addition to the cultivars BRS Notável and BRS Sublime. These genotypes could be indicated for growing or as parents with partial resistance to white mold in genetic breeding programs. During the white mold resistance parameters estimation study for the population of RILs BRS Cometa × K-407, 140 RILs on the F9:10 generation were artificially inoculated through the modified straw test and the disease severity was evaluated through a 1 to 9 score scale. It was employed a mixed models methodology to analyze the data. The heritability in the broad sense was moderate (0.60), the calculation of the number of genes indicated the presence of two loci of greater effect controlling the character and the relative coefficient of variation was superior to 1, indicating good experimental precision and favorable situation for the selection.Item Melhoramento molecular do feijão-comum para resistência múltipla a viroses(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-06-14) Silva, Rodrigo de Souza; Faria, Josias Correa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5616359873902028; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9650183308779143; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Pinheiro, Patricia Valle; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Oliveira, Bruna Mendes deAmong the diseases that affect the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), viruses deserve to be highlighted, since they are difficult to control and cause partial or total yield and grain quality losses. In Brazil, the main viruses of beans are: the common mosaic, caused by the Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), the golden mosaic, whose causal agent is the Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) and the soybean stem necrosis disease, caused by Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV). The symptoms of CPMMV emerged in common beans more recently in agronomic performance tests with the transgenic cultivar BRS FC 401 RMD, which presents effective resistance to BGMV (event Embrapa 5.1). The symptoms of CPMMV were confused or hidden by the more severe symptoms of BGMV, and both viruses occur simultaneously in the field and are transmitted by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), mainly in Central region Brazil. Thus, two studies were carried out with the objectives of: i) develop, evaluate and select transgenic common bean progenies, second generation, with carioca market class, good agronomic performance and with multiple resistance to viruses BCMV, BGMV and CPMMV, and ii) to investigate genetic inheritance of the CPMMV and to genetically map loci of resistance to CPMMV in the carioca seeded cultivar BRS Sublime. In the first study, elite progenies were developed from crosses using the carioca seeded cultivars BRS Estilo and BRS Sublime (both showing resistance to CPMMV and BCMV), with the transgenic line CNFCT 16206 (event Embrapa 5.1; effective resistance to BGMV) and resistant to BCMV. The recovery of elite progenies with a greater proportion of parents was performed through the analysis of backcrosses assisted by SSR and SNP markers. Thus, 39 elite progenies were evaluated in field condition, in the rainy (2016) and dry (2017) growing seasons, and in an insect-proof screenhouse. The evaluated traits were the seed yield and mass of 100 seeds, plant architecture and tolerance to lodging, seed appearance, and virus disease severity (VS). The elite progenies in addition to the controls were mechanical inoculated at eight days after planting with the strain (CPMMV: BR:GO:14 – GenBank MK202583), and were evaluated, at 35 days after inoculation, for severity of CPMMV. These progenies and the controls were also evaluated for the presence of the event Embrapa 5.1 (marker Ahas) and gene I (marker SCAR SW13). The result of the joint analysis showed variability between the progenies for all characters evaluated, especially SV, except for ARQ, considering the two environments, with P × E interaction (P ≤ 0.01). All elite progenies showed effective resistance to BCMV and BGMV, with the exception of progeny 336-3.1 (BGMV), whereas the conventional controls were susceptible to BGMV, and the transgenic control (cv. BRS FC401 RMD,) and the progenies were susceptible to CPMMV. Thus, the severity of CPMMV was assessed in progenies and transgenic controls. Twelve elite progenies showed mean scores ≤ 3.0 for VS. Of these, the progenies 184-12.1, 356-5.1, 398-3.1, 417-22.1 and 422-39.1 showed resistance to BCMV, BGMV and CPMMV. Therefore, the use of conventional breeding strategies and marker-assisted selection (SAM) enabled the development and selection of elite transgenic carioca-seeded cultivars, second-generation, with carioca-seeded market class, better plant architecture and allowing direct mechanical harvest, with multiple resistance to viruses and presenting potential to be evaluated in agronomic performance tests. In the second study, the genotyping of SNP and SilicoDArT markers was performed using the DArTseq technology, in a mapping population in the F2 generation obtained from the crossing between the cultivar BRS Sublime (resistant) e transgenic line CNFCT 16207 (susceptible). All F1 plants were tested with molecular marker linked to the event Embrapa 5.1 to confirm the hybrid nature. The plants were conducted in an insect-proof screenhouse. Thus, a total of 180 F2 individual plants and 180 F2:3 progenies (2160 seedlings; 12 seedlings/progeny), in addition to the parents, were mechanically inoculated with the same CPMMV isolate, at eight days after planting. At 35 days after inoculation, the plants were evaluated for severity of CPMMV. The phenotypic data were subjected to the chi-square test (ꭕ2) (P ≤ 0.05), considering the expected mendelian segregation ratio for each generation. The complete genetic map was obtained with 1.695 markers segregated according to the expected frequency and distributed in the 11 chromosomes of the bean, with total length of 2.864 cM and average distance between marks of 1.8 cM. The results indicated that a single dominant gene controls the inheritance of CPMMV resistance in the cultivar BRS Sublime. The QTL – single Gene (CPMMV. Pv08) was identified in the final region of chromosome 8, associated with resistance to CPMMV and explaining ~77% of the phenotypic variation. This is the first report to study genetic inheritance and genetically map locus to CPMMV resistance in BRS Sublime. The construction of the genetically map and the QTL analysis approach generates new perspectives for common bean breeding programs, with the potential for development and validation of molecular markers to be used through SAM for reaction to CPMMV in common bean genotypes.Item Propagação vegetativa por alporquia e otimização de protocolo de estabelecimento in vitro de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Tiago, Bruno dos Santos; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Ganga, Rita Maria Devós; Aguiar, Renata Alves deHancornia speciosa Gomes, popularly known as mangabeira, is a native fruit species of the Cerrado used for food purposes and as herbal medicine. Currently, due to habitat loss and predatory extraction, there is a great demand in more studies for the conservation and use of this fruit species. The main challenge for the in vitro establishment of the species is the high number of endophytic agents (fungi and bacteria) that are present in plant tissues. This makes it more difficult to introduce plant material into the in vitro culture. This work aimed to optimize the in vitro establishment protocols in addition to carrying out vegetative propagation, via layering, generating clones of matrix plants. For the in vitro establishment of one of the varieties of the species, var. gardineri, first the fall fruits were collected in the Collection of Native Fruits of the Cerrado of the School of Agronomy at UFG. Fruits were pulped and 80 seeds were selected, which had their tegument removed and proceeded to the decontamination process. In a laminar flow chamber, two groups of seeds were separated: 40 seeds were opened and their embryos exposed, isolated and inoculated in MS culture medium; the other 40 seeds were inoculated directly in MS culture medium. To test the effect of stretching on reducing the period of development in vitro, embryos were inoculated in treatments with 0, 1, 2 and 4 μM of gibberellic acid (GA3) and later in a second experiment in MS medium with 1,0 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), with lower concentrations of GA3: 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 and 1 μM. For the next stage, treatments were carried out to root the new shoots with indolbutyric acid (IBA) in concentrations 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 mg.mL-1 . The germination of the isolated embryos showed less than 5% of contamination and was 30% faster when compared to the seed. The effect of GA3 on isolated embryos allowed the plant to elongate with 0.8 μM, reaching 130 mm in 75 days, reducing in vitro cultivation by more than 100 days. In rooting, the concentration of 1 mg.mL-1 of AIB allowed more than 9 roots per plant and an average length of 54 mm. The acclimatization of the treatment plants took place on substrate with 50% sand and 50% broad red soil with commercial substrate. In this process, mortality was less than 10%. The layering experiments were carried out with four varieties of H. speciosa: gardineri, speciosa, cuyabensis and pubescens and in two different seasons: the dry season, and the rainy season. AIB was used to induce rooting at concentrations of 0, 4, 5 and 6 mg.mL-1 , with 15 ml per branch. The substrate used was soil humidified with commercial substrate fixed to the ringed branch. After 180 days, the best results were in the concentration of 5 mg.mL-1 in the four varieties used. However, the results for each variety were at different times of the year, due to the specific phenological phases.Item Melhoramento de feijão preto para resistência à murcha de fusário: identificação de marcadores moleculares e seleção de populações segregantes e linhagens(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-10) Torres, Mário Henrique Rodrigues Mendes; Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9650183308779143; Pereira, Helton Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0729719587905292; Pereira, Helton Santos; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; Vianello, Rosana Pereira; Bruzi, Adriano TeodoroFusarium wilt, caused by the fungus (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli) is one of the most important diseases affecting bean culture (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Among the methods of controlling this disease, genetic resistance is the most efficient. However, there is little information on the genetics of the fusarium wilt reaction (FOP). Three studies were carried out with the objectives of: i) selecting promising parents and the segregating populations for reaction to fusarium wilt, grain productivity and 100 grain mass; ii) estimate genetic parameters and select breeding lines resistant to fusarium wilt, with high productivity and greater mass of 100 grains; iii) check if there is a genetic relationship between these traits; iv) study genetic control and identify SNP molecular markers linked to QTLs for reaction to fusarium wilt in the bean cultivar BRS FP403. In the first study, 25 segregating populations obtained from crosses in the partial diallel scheme between two groups of the five parents were evaluated: group I with breeding lines resistant to fusarium wilt and group II with susceptible breeding lines, but with superior agronomic characteristics. The populations were evaluated in Santo Antônio de Goiás-GO in an area with natural infestation of the pathogen, in the winter / 2016 (generation F2), winter / 2017 (generation F3) and winter / 2018 (generation F4). The evaluated traits were the reaction to fusarium wilt, productivity and mass of 100 grains. Significant differences between populations were detected for all traits. The joint diallel analysis showed the existence of additive and non-additive effects, with a predominance of additive effects, for the three traits studied. The gi estimates revealed that the parents BRS Esplendor (-0.13) and CNFP 15207 (-0.76) are indicated to form populations with greater resistance to fusarium wilt. The CNFP breeding lines 15194 is indicated to form populations with greater resistance to fusarium wilt (-0.59) and greater mass of 100 grains (0.69). The cultivar BRS FP403 is indicated as the parents for increasing productivity (218) and mass of 100 grains (1.46). Among the susceptible parents, CNFP 11995 stood out for forming populations with high productivity and a mass of 100 grains, simultaneously. The populations BRS FP403 / CNFP 11995, CNFP 15194 / CNFP 11995 and CNFP 15194 / CNFP 11976 are the most promising for the extraction of superior breeding lines for the three traits simultaneously. In the second study, breeding lines from two populations were evaluated (BRS Esplendor / BRS Expedito and BRS Expedito / CNFP 15867), selected for their high resistance to fusarium wilt, high productivity and greater mass of 100 grains. Two experiments were conducted in the winter crops of 2015 and 2016, in Santo António de Goiás-GO, with 116 breeding lines from these two populations and five witnesses in a triple 11x11 latex experimental design, in an area infested with the pathogen. Reaction to fusarium wilt, yield and mass of 100 grains were evaluated. Analysis of variance and estimated genetic parameters were performed. Differences between lineages were identified in all environments for all traits. The estimates of heritability and expected gain with direct selection indicated the possibility of obtaining genetic gains for each traits in isolation. In the simultaneous selection of the breeding lines for the four traits, based on the joint analysis, the expected gains with the selection of the 31 best breeding lines were 22.1% for reaction to fusarium wilt, 6.6% for productivity and 7.7% for mass of 100 grains. Five breeding lines have high potential to be indicated as new cultivars, as they showed resistance to fusarium wilt, high productivity and a mass of 100 grains, being superior to the cultivars available on the market today. In the third study, genotyping of SNPs and SilicoDArT markers was performed using the DArTseq technology of a population mapping in the F2 generation obtained from the crossing between the cultivars BRS FP403 (resistant) x BRS Horizonte (susceptible). 165 progenies were obtained and evaluated in generations F2: 4 and F2:5, together with four controls. The experiments were installed in a 13x13 triple lattice design, in an area infested with the pathogen, in the winter/2016 (F2:4) and winter/2017 (F2:5) harvest in Santo Antônio de Goiás - GO. Evaluation of the reaction to fusarium wilt was performed. A genetic map was obtained comprising 702 markers with a total length of 3069 cM and an average distance between marks of 4.9 cM. The analysis of phenotypic data showed the presence of variability between the progenies and the possibility of success with the selection, with high estimates of genetic variance, heritability (90%) and expected gain with the selection (37%). Considering the two years and the joint analysis, 6 different QTLs were identified associated with the reaction to the fusarium wilt and there was an interaction between the QTLs and the years. Based on the joint analysis, four QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3 and 4, explaining from 5.8 to 40.5% of the variation, indicating that the inheritance of the reaction to fusarium wilt is complex. The QTL FOP2.3403H stood out for explaining the greater proportion of the phenotypic variation (40.5%) and being stable in the different years. The QTL FOP3.2403H explained 6.3% of the phenotypic variation and was also stable over the years. These markers have great potential for use in assisted selection.Item Potencial genético e correlação entre caracteres em população de milho branco(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-04-23) Watanabe, Ikio Aline Monteiro; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080097211870591; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4968560508763713; Reis, Edésio Fialho dos; Resende, Marcela Pedroso Mendes; Guedes, Márcio Lisboa; Rodrigues, FabrícioWhite maize is used for human consumption in the form of grits, flour and starch. It stands out as an alternative to small farmers, as it has a higher commercial value. However, there are few white maize cultivars on the market, and it is important to develop higher yield cultivars of this type. Among the several maize breeding methods, recurrent selection stands out for allowing the increase of the frequency of favorable alleles in population for several selective cycles. However, recurrent selection is only effective when using populations with good averages and genetic variability for the traits of interest. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance, genetic variability and expected genetic gains of a white maize population; and to estimate the genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations between agronomic traits, including grain yield. For this purpose, 169 half-siblings progênies were evaluated using a 13 x 13 triple lattice design, in 2018 second crop, in the UFG, Goiânia-GO and UFJ, Jataí-GO. The traits evaluated were: number of days to anthesis, number of days to silking, anthesis-silking interval, plant height, ear height, ear ratio, stalk lodging, ear prolificacy, kernels per row, number of kernels per row, ear diameter, ear length, cob diameter, ear weight and grain yield. Significant differences were found among progenies for all traits, except stalk lodging, indicating the presence of variability. The genetic gains with selection ranged from -26.26%, for anthesis-silking interval, to 9.04%, for ear prolificacy. All traits, except ear diameter, exhibited at least one significant genetic, phenotypic or environmental correlation estimate, indicating that changes in one trait may change the mean of other correlated. It is concluded the white maize population presents genetic variability and satisfactory means for most agronomic traits, including grain yield; thereefore, the population has the potential to be used in a recurrent selection program. Indirect selection for grain yield is possible through direct selection for number of kernels per row and ear weight.