Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução
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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução por Por Orientador "Bini, Luis Mauricio"
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Item Biogeografia da conservação de morcegos no cerrado brasileiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-06) Barreto, Bruno de Souza; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079The units of conservation are main strategy adopted by the rulers to guarantee that the negative effects of the socioeconomic development reach less the biodiversity. recent researches have been trying to outline the problem through reserve selection that seek larger representativeness of the goals of conservation (in general some estimador of the biodiversity as the species) in terms of a smaller number of areas as possible. in the last 50 years the cerrado is going by transformations in their natural landscapes due to the progress of the modern agriculture and of the livestock. due to that, the objective of that work was to define priority areas network for conservation of bats in terms of five conservation sceneries differents. the generated nets were restricted by socioeconomic cost, presence of cave and a cost that considers the previous two cost. the results revealed main features of analyses of complementarity: multiple solutions, flexibility of the nets, and influence of the rarity of the species for the definition of groups starting from the pattern of rarity. the costs were important for definition of nets that avoided as much conflicts of conservation as prioritized the species in areas of cave.Item Padrões de coerência ambiental e sincronia populacional em um reservatório tropical(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-27) Carvalho, Sara Lodi de; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079It is said that there is temporal coherence when environmental variables measured at different points in space vary synchronously over time. The aim of this study was to test how local and regional factors influenced the temporal coherence of limnological variables in a reservoir. In 14 sites, and for 31 months (between May 2004 and November 2009), 20 limnological variables were monitored in the Peixe Reservoir (State of Tocantins, Brazil). The coherence levels were estimated by averaging the Spearman’s correlation values between time series obtained for pairs of sites. All variables showed significant levels of coherence. The lowest values of coherence were recorded for biological variables, due to the predominant influence of local factors, and the highest for the physical variables, indicating strong climate regulation. Distance-based multiple regressions were used to model the variation in the coherence levels in function of distance and hydrological connectivity. Significant models were obtained for fifteen variables. Geographically close and hydrologically connected sites had more similar temporal dynamics. For some variables, the hydrological connectivity was even more important than distance. In general, these results indicate the influence of hydrological connectivity and regional processes (e.g., precipitation) on the similarity of the temporal dynamics of many of the monitored variables. Considering the significant levels of coherence, there is the possibility to optimize the monitoring program.Item Comunidades de macroinvertebrados de riachos ainda apresentam um sinal biogeográfico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-21) Libório, Carlos Henrique Lopes; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079; Bini, Luis Mauricio; Bortolini, Jascieli; Ortega, Jean Carlo GonçalvesEcosystems can have alternative stable states. In theory, temporal or spatial changes of a key environmental variable (e.g., phosphorus concentration), after a certain threshold, would cause rapid and abrupt changes in the state of an ecosystem (e.g. from oligo to eutrophic). The theory also predicts that feedback mechanisms hinder the return of an ecosystem to its original state, even when the change in the key variable is in the opposite direction. Detecting changes in ecological regimes is important to identify biogeographic boundaries and where environmental disturbances are occurring. The general objective of this work is to identify spatial changes in the state of streams macroinvertebrate communities. To do so, we used a large dataset covering the entire continental territory of the United States of America. We use a priori (ecoregions) and a posteriori classifications (based on environmental and anthropogenic variables) to quantify whether these typologies are representing the structure of macroinvertebrate communities. We calculated the classification strength considering ecoregions and environmental/anthropogenic variables as classification factors. We expected that these environmental/anthropogenic variables would have greater classification strength considering the strong environmental impacts on aquatic ecosystems. However, the classification strength of ecoregions was much higher than those of environmental/anthropogenic variables. We also found that areas of abrupt changes in communities are in part coincident with transitional zones between ecoregions. Therefore, our results indicate that there is still a clear biogeographic sign on macroinvertebrate communities, despite the strong anthropogenic environmental changes that aquatic ecosystems have undergone.Item Preponderância da dinâmica hidrológica sobre a sincronia e padrões de diversidade beta de comunidades zooplanctônicas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-27) Lopes, Vanessa Guimarães; Branco, Christina Wyss Castelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6129052109183586; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079; Branco, Christina Wyss Castelo; Carvalho, Priscilla de; Nabout, João Carlos; Vieira, Ludgero G. C.; Velho, Luiz Felipe MachadoSeveral studies have shown that spatial synchrony is a ubiquitous pattern, occurring in different regions, types of ecosystems and in different groups of organisms. Spatial synchrony has important implications for the persistence of populations. Another implication is the possibility of using local "sentinels" sites, assuming regionalized or synchronous dynamics over the whole area of interest. In this context, our work uses a long-term (8 years) data set to quantify the level of synchrony between local zooplankton populations in a tropical reservoir. We expect high synchrony due to high connectivity as well as due to the Moran effect. Population synchrony was negatively correlated with geographic distance. However, population synchrony declined more consistently with environmental distance and environmental synchrony than with geographic distance. Besides, our results suggested that main variables driving synchrony were those correlated with hydrological conditions. Geographic distance was more important for protozoans, while the population synchrony of the other zooplankton groups was strongly driven by environmental synchrony. Furthermore, we found a decrease of environmental synchrony with the increase of geographical distance between points. Our results suggest that the strength of the Moran’s effect may be underestimated when simple environmental distances are used. We suggest that further studies should allow for environmental synchrony instead of allowing only for environmental similarity. Finally, despite significant, population synchrony was not so high to justify a reduction in the number of sampling sites.Item Táxons superiores são suficientes para representar padrões de biodiversidade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-20) Oliveira Junior, Sandro Souza de; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079; Bini, Luis Mauricio; Carvalho, Priscilla de; Carneiro, Fernanda MeloThe paucity of knowledge about biodiversity (Linnean Shortfall) and about the geographic distributions of many species (Wallacean Shortfall) makes it difficult to conduct studies that seek to explain biodiversity patterns. One way to overcome this difficulty consists in the utilization of data with lower taxonomic resolution, an approach called taxonomic sufficiency. The main aim of this study was to evaluate, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, whether this approach is reliable. We also evaluated whether the strength of the taxonomic sufficiency (i.e. the relationship between datasets at high a low taxonomic resolutions) depended on different factors, including taxonomic level (genus, family, order and class), ecosystem type (aquatic and terrestrial), biological group (e.g. invertebrates, vertebrates and plants), spatial extent and higher taxon to species richness ratio. We found that the taxonomic sufficiency was a reliable approach in revealing species richness and compositional patterns, independently of biological groups and ecosystem types. As expected, the strength of the taxonomic sufficiency decreased as the taxonomic resolution decreased. In addition, the ratio between the richness of lower and higher taxonomic levels (φ) is a strong indicator of the taxonomic sufficiency, whereas the spatial scale was not influential. Therefore, the use of higher taxa (e.g. genera) is a reliable approach to save time and resources in biomonitoring programs and differs in this regard from other approaches already evaluated in the scientific literature (e.g. biological surrogacy).Item Contrafactuais para estudos de avaliação de impacto em ecologia e biologia da conservação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-16) Ribas, Luiz Guilherme dos Santos; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079; Bini, Luis Mauricio; Brum, Fernanda Thiesen; Silva, Daniel De Brito Cândido da; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Vieira, Ludgero Cardoso GalliSeveral impact analysis methods based on counterfactuals have been recurrently applied in different areas of knowledge. These methods, under different aspects, tend to give more accurate and precise estimates of the effect of a given intervention and potentially establish causal relationships more convincingly. Counterfactual methods seek, for example, an answer to the following question: what would be the rate of deforestation if an area had not been protected? When comparing counterfactual states with factual states, one can infer about causal relationships to understand how a given event impacts the outcomes in a system of interest. However, only recently and superficially these methods have been applied in Ecology and Conservation Biology. This thesis is divided into four chapters and aims to address the application of counterfactual methods in Ecology and Conservation Biology to estimate the impact of different interventions. The first chapter discusses the possibilities and implications of using counterfactuals in Aquatic Ecology and related areas. The second chapter consisted of a systematic review of the effectiveness of protected areas in mitigating deforestation. In addition, the estimates of effectiveness of protected areas (in avoiding deforestation) given by traditional and counterfactual methods were compared. The third chapter is a review of a set of methods used to estimate counterfactual states. The fourth chapter investigates the impact of the "Day of Fire" on forest fire rates in the Amazon region. In this chapter, new counterfactual approaches (directed acyclic graph and Bayesian structural time-series model), at least in Ecology and Conservation Biology, were applied. In general, this thesis aims to promote the use of counterfactual methods in the environmental area.Item Atributos funcionais não estão correlacionados com sincronia em uma comunidade fitoplanctônica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Silva, Matheus Nunes da; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079; Carneiro, Fernanda Melo; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Bini, Luis MauricioSpecies abundance in a local community can be correlated over time. Similarly, the abundance of different local populations of a given species can vary synchronously. The study of these patterns, known as interspecific synchrony and population synchrony, respectively, may indicate the relative importance of interspecific interactions, environmental filters (at different spatial scales) and dispersal processes on the temporal dynamics of populations and communities. In addition, studies have sought to test whether the levels of synchrony (interspecific and population) are related to functional traits. For example, functionally similar species should have correlated dynamics under the effect of a strong environmental filter. As another example, a specialist species should have higher levels of population synchrony than a generalist species. Thus, in the first chapter of this dissertation, we used data on phytoplankton functional traits to test whether the level of interspecific synchrony between pairs of species is dependent on the functional dissimilarity between them. In addition, we tested whether the increase in functional diversity would influence community synchrony, which in turn, could affect community stability. In the second chapter, we tested whether specialist taxa would have greater spatial synchrony than generalists. For both chapters, we used a dataset on phytoplankton community in the Cana Brava Reservoir (Goiás State, Brazil). Our hypotheses were not supported by the results. However, in the first chapter, we found a predominance of positive correlations between species abundances, a result that indicates the importance of environmental filters. In the second chapter, the low values of population synchrony suggest that regional environmental factors were not strong enough to control population dynamics. In general, we suggest that future studies should test a similar set of traits to test the generality of correlates of synchrony.Item Meta-research in aquatic ecology(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-07-30) Spacek, Sara Lodi de Carvalho; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079; Bini, Luis Mauricio; Carvalho, Priscilla de; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Michelan, Thaísa Sala; Vieira, Ludgero Cardoso GalliAs revisões sistemáticas valorizam a transparência, a comunicação sistemática e a reprodutibilidade, e seguem orientações claras e diretas. É tão simples como sistematizar a revisão qualitativa, como o nome implica. Uma revisão quantitativa (ou meta-análise) também pode ser conduzida e vai um passo além ao fornecer apoio empírico para as conclusões. Utilizando esta técnica, podemos combinar estudos múltiplos e independentes, calculando um tamanho de efeito médio ponderado pela precisão do estudo, o que proporciona à análise um maior poder estatístico. Esta tese aborda a meta-análise como tema principal, e está dividida em três capítulos, todos relacionados com meta investigação em ambientes de água doce. No Capítulo 1, avaliei a qualidade das meta-análises em ecologia de água doce e fiz recomendações sobre como podemos aumentar a qualidade das meta-análises em ecologia aquática. Avaliei outra questão de qualidade no Capítulo 2, especificamente vieses de resultados positivos. No Capítulo 3 realizei uma meta-análise utilizando estudos de avaliação dos efeitos do uso do solo em ambientes de água doce nas escalas regional e local. Comparei as dimensões dos efeitos obtidos ao utilizar variáveis da paisagem local e terrestre. Curiosamente, também forneço um exemplo de um estudo com resultados negativos, uma vez que as minhas hipóteses não foram confirmadas. Acredito que esta tese irá expandir a visão dos limnólogos sobre as possibilidades da técnica meta-analítica aplicada ao nosso campo de investigação.Item Sincronia espacial e interespecífica de microalgas em ambientes aquáticos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-20) Zanon, Jaques Everton; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723662H9; Bini, Luis Mauricio; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Nabout, João Carlos; Vieira, Ludgero G. C.; Ortega, JeanPopulation synchrony occurs when abundance of different local populations increase and decrease simultaneously along time. In terms of other characteristics that can be measured in ecosystems, such as biomass and nutrient contents, intrinsic and extrinsic processes have also been used to explain synchronic variation patterns. Synchrony may clarify whether regional processes are more important than local processes. This study used epiphytic biomass data (chlorophyll-a) from eight locations collected in a floodplain through 11 years. The goal was to estimate epiphytic biomass synchrony. We anticipated that high synchrony levels would be consistent with the strong impact of floods, which affect different floodplain habitats simultaneously. This is equivalent to the Moran effect. In contrast, low synchrony levels would be consistent with the hypothesis that high environmental heterogeneity of floodplains hampers synchrony. Our results indicated low synchrony and its variation was not correlated with geographic or environmental distances and neither with environmental synchrony. Also, regression models demonstrated low predictive power of local environmental variables in predicting biomass variation in the different sites. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis that confirms the generality of our findings. In conclusion, these results challenge the efficiency of epiphytic biomass as an ecological indicator, at least in floodplain system.