Doutorado em Filosofia (FAFIL)
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Item Liberdade e reconhecimento na democracia contemporânea: acerca do pensamento de Hannah Arendt e Charles Taylor(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-12-20) Campos, João Pedro Andrade de; Moscateli, Renato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8852962822237051; Moscateli; Moscateli, Renato; Oliveira, José Luiz de; Adverse, Helton Machado; Reis, Helena Esser dos; Pereira, Rafael RodriguesThe central objective of this study was to reflect on the concepts of freedom and recognition in contemporary democracy. In order to achieve this first aim, a path of interpretation was included that considers fundamental, for contemporary reflections on democracy, to discuss how citizens can freely enjoy their freedoms in a community as beings, at the same time, possessors of singular and plural identities. With the intention of investing in this approach, the work of Hannah Arendt and Charles Taylor were listed as basic theoretical points. On Arendt's side, it was shown that full political freedom is essential so that a political community can be a place in which citizens actions and speeches demonstrate their dignity as human beings. Meanwhile, the recognition of citizens identities is only possible when there is an understanding in society that the other is part of a continuous dialogue with myself, through which my identity as an individual and also as a citizen is formed - this was the point of departure in relation to the reflection supported by Taylor. These first forays were followed by an examination whose intention was to show that when minorities are excluded from political participation, society suffers losses that can lead to its decline. As it is not possible to reflect on the particularities of all existing minority groups, refugees were generally chosen as a category that exemplifies, on the one hand, how freedom and recognition matter for the contemporary discussion about democracy and, on the other hand, how this group reveals, through its private and collective demands, a conceptual embarrassment in the classic debate between liberals, communitarians and republicans. The research concludes with the observation that in current discussions about democracy there is a strong, sometimes distorted, pronouncement of the ideals of freedom and recognition, the harmful nature of which can compromise the relationship between citizens and each other, triggering a move away from political issues concerning community, as well as the worsening of existing inequalities in a democracy, ultimately contributing to the crystallization of groups harmful to the political body.Item Autoridade, coerção e liberdade: a formação moral do homem em Rousseau(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-07-26) Santos, Anderson Carvalho dos; Moscateli, Renato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8852962822237051; Moscateli, Renato; Vento, Marisa Alves; Paiva, Wilson Alves de; Corôa, Pedro Paulo da Costa; Reis, Helena Esser dosL'étude de l'homme a été un thème central dans les réflexions de Rousseau. Dans ses œuvres, il s'est préoccupé de comprendre comment s'est formée l'humanité tant sur le plan individuel que collectif. Dans sa quête de compréhension de ce processus de formation, le philosophe genevois a emprunté un chemin qui a englobé des discussions sur l'éducation, la politique, la morale et bien plus encore. Au cours de ces explorations, certains concepts sont devenus récurrents et se sont révélés essentiels dans sa structure théorique. Le principal d'entre eux était le concept de liberté, pour lequel il a été à la fois loué et critiqué. Cette thèse revisite ce concept en le reliant aux idées d'autorité et de coercition afin de réfléchir au processus de formation de l'homme visant à atteindre la liberté morale, c'est-à-dire l'autonomie. En suivant un fil conducteur qui traverse les différentes conceptions de la liberté, depuis le Discours sur les sciences et les arts et le Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes, en passant par le Contrat social et d'autres œuvres jusqu'à Emile ou De l'éducation, nous cherchons à démontrer que l'idée d'autorité apparaît comme indispensable dans les réflexions du Genevois sur la formation de l'homme. En intégrant, dans ses écrits, des figures d'autorité telles que le Législateur, le Précepteur et le couple Wolmar, capables de façonner les individus, notre auteur a montré que "tous ont également besoin de guides", mais pas n'importe quel type de guide, tous ont besoin de bons guides, de bonnes autorités qui sont capables, même par des actes coercitifs, de conduire l'être humain vers l'autonomie.