Mestrado em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente (EEC)
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Navegando Mestrado em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente (EEC) por Por Orientador "CARVALHO, Eraldo Henriques de"
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Item Seleção de área para implantação de aterro sanitário simplificado: estudo de caso para o município de Guapó GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-29) MARQUES, Marília Daher; CARVALHO, Eraldo Henriques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604679266344482The disposal of Municipal Solid Waste is one of the major sanitation problems found in Brazil. The disposal of these wastes in inappropriate places brings social, environmental and economic disorders. Currently the state of Goiás has extremely low rate of proper disposal of MSW, especially in small cities. Recent regulatory instructions of ABNT and of SEMARH GO brought simplified methodology for the construction of simplified landfill for municipalities with untill 50.000 inhabitants, considered as small municipalities. As those have simplified structure, the area selection for deployment of those landfills must be careful to avoid possible environmental and social damages. Therefore, this work aimed to select viable areas for implementation of simplified landfill having as scenario the city of Guapó GO. It was determined a project horizon of 20 years. The selection of viable areas was performed using the geographic information system (GIS) ArcGis 9.3, which was used to exclude unsuitable areas according to current legislation. In the first stage of the study were used shapes provided by the State System of Statistics and Geographic Information of the State of Goiás. Were identified five possible areas for the implementation of simplified landfill which were submitted for individual evaluation using weighting matrices in which the areas were evaluated and scored according to aspects required by environmental legislation. Done the hierarchy process was searched for the presence or absence of legal reserves in them. As a result we obtained the three best areas for the implementation of simplified landfill in the city of Guapó and concluded that the selection of viable areas that meets the legal parameters can and should be done by all small municipalities in order to adjust the final disposal of their MSW and promote the welfare of local people and the preservation of the environment.Item Plano de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos de um shopping center de grande porte do Estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-25) MARSARO, Gabriela Cavalcante Silva; CARVALHO, Eraldo Henriques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604679266344482The malls are large centers of consumption and leisure where the population find everything under the same roof, options for shopping, food and fun. The waste generation within these stores is big, especially in food. Most malls in Brazil does not have a plan for waste management, which possibly contributes to environmental problems and the reduction of life in landfills. Thus, this study aimed to develop a plan for managing solid waste from a large Shopping Center of the State of Goiás, to minimize, reuse and recycling of waste and the correct management of them. For this end, information was raised through interviews and site visits. The research was divided, basically, in diagnosis and prognosis (in other words, proposals for corrective measures). Diagnoses were evaluated in the waste-generating activities as well as the identification, classification and quantification of waste, and waste management practices used. The results indicated that the residue found in greatest quantity was the construction and demolition (137 t/ month), followed by organic material (75 t/ month). The paper also had a significant (8.5 t/ month). Except for the remains of cardboard, which is segregated, most of the potentially recyclable waste, which could still be traded, was found contaminated with organic waste and is therefore willing landfill in the Goiânia municipality. There was also no segregation of any kind regarding hazardous waste. Thus, some hazardous waste such as lamps with mercury vapor, are prepared along with other waste and improperly referred to the landfill. There Were found outside the waste containers, lack of capacity of them, casting the slurry and risks of contamination, therefore, in the same place where the waste is stored, the materials are discharged to supply the shops. As corrective measures, and alternatives were presented guidelines for the handling, collection, transport, storage and final disposal of waste. It was proposed the model of segregation into two groups: "recyclable materials" and "Organic and others." New containers were placed in selective shopping environments, along with informational posters. The points of loading and unloading (Pier) were retired and new containers were implanted selective. There was a significant change in the habits of officials and merchants who attended the training after the implementation of selective containers. However, for the operation of the plan, the segregation has to be done in an integrated manner, which still does not occur at the mall. The recyclable materials will be taken to a central sorting, which will be located in an area outside the mall. There, the waste will be segregated for better subsequent sale. For lamps, was located a container with its own specifications for the wasteItem Proposta de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos do instituto de química da Universidade Federal de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-19) NOGUEIRA, Sandro Alves; CARVALHO, Eraldo Henriques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604679266344482The quantity of waste generated grows and can cause many problems to human health and the environment. Recently, increased the discussions around the management of chemical waste in laboratories for teaching and research in Brazil, with that, details emerged of how this waste could provide occupational risks, besides offering damage to the environment. Hence, the plan for managing waste to the Institute of Chemistry of the Federal University of Goiás (IQ/UFG) was idealized. At work diagnoses and predictions for each stage of waste management were executed simultaneously, in a horizon of five years of the project. We raised the chemicals and materials used and the waste-generating activities, and then identified, quantified and ranked all waste generated. The diagnosis and prognosis of segregation, minimization, packaging, storage, collection, transportation, treatment and final disposal of waste generated were prepared. The results indicated that some materials were purchased in excess and many reagents are inadequately stored in the laboratories. The management at IQ/UFG is worrying, because there is no treatment and appropriate place for the storage of waste. 900 kg of common waste and 600 kg of chemical waste are generated per year. The chromatographic analyses are the activities that generate more chemical waste and administrative work is the activity that generates more common waste. Most of the chemical waste is of class I and flammable waste represents the greater percentage. Most of the common waste is paper and cardboard. It was proposed to build a shelter for the chemical waste and the acquisition of other containers for common waste. The chemical waste will be incinerated but waste containing mercury and cyanide, which will be forwarded to a hazardous waste landfill. The common recyclable waste will be transported to recycling cooperatives and non-recyclable waste will be sent to the landfill.Item Avaliação de sistemas individuais de disposição de esgotos e das empresas limpa-fossas na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-26) RIOS, Fernanda Posch; CARVALHO, Eraldo Henriques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604679266344482The system collects sewage from the city of Goiânia, capital of Goiás state, has more than 2500 km of collection network, which discharges into the sewer interceptors deployed on the banks of major watercourses in the city. About 82% of the population of this capital is serviced with sanitary sewer collection system, which the distance from the reality of the Metropolitan area of Goiânia, constituted the main city, Goiânia, comprising twelve municipal districts: Abadia de Goiás, Aparecida de Goiânia, Aragoiânia, Bela Vista de Goiás, Goianápolis, Goianira, Guapó, Hidrolândia, Nerópolis, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Senador de Goiás and Trindade. The Metropolitan area of Goiânia and the rest of the country lack accurate information about the constructive and maintenance aspects of individual systems of sanitary sewage treatment and sanitary sewage disposal, whether as a septic tank or as an onsite sewage facility. The quality and the number of on-site sewage cleaning service companies, their operational procedures, their workers conditions as well as their equipments are also unknown to people. Considering all that, the present work aims to evaluate the constructive and maintenance aspects of individual systems of sanitary sewage treatment and sanitary sewage disposal as well as to make a diagnosis of the performance of on-site sewage cleaning service companies that serve the Metropolitan area of Goiânia. All this information is essential to set corrective measures, plans and goals in order to minimize the impacts harmful to public health and to the environment as regards to the mud displayed by the on-site sewage cleaning service companies. All of the on-site sewage cleaning service companies that serve the Metropolitan area of Goiânia were identified and visited. As an addition to the useful information, 60 services displayed among different companies were closely watched. It was also determined the average percentage of the monthly treated flow related to the sludge displayed by the on-site sewage cleaning service companies inside the Sewage Treatment Plant of Goiânia. As a result it was verified that the correct use of the septic tank system, which is recommended by NBR 7227/93, is small compared to the house units demand not yet served by the plumbing sewage disposal system. As the users show little knowledge about the aforementioned system, the type of solution most used to sanitary sewage is still the cesspool. Few companies have environmental license, and most of them are classified as micro companies and have been in the market for over five years. Just one company was a market leader throughout 2008 and 2009. All companies have not been taking special care concerning both workers and equipments hygiene. Their truck fleet are in average 30 years old and all of them were adapted to receive the metallic tank and the liquid ring pump. The average month amount of sludge coming from sewage cleaning in the Sewage Treatment Station of Goiânia is small and does not alter the final flow quality. The Sewage Treatment Station of Goiânia daily receives an average of 28 trucks, being Friday the busiest day. Despite all companies are aware of the restrictions imposed by SANEAGO as regards to not receiving material other than sanitary sewage, 44% of them realize the collection, transport and final disposal in alternative places with industrial sludge which are clearly contaminated with chrome.