Mestrado em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente (EEC)
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Navegando Mestrado em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente (EEC) por Por Orientador "GIL, Eric de Souza"
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Item Caracterização do material particulado inalável na atmosfera e na vegetação urbana na cidade de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-09-08) COSTA, Elias Cardoso da; GIL, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303This work had as objective to study the thin particulate material (PM2;5), thick (PM10) suspended in the atmosphere and the PTS adsorved in the vegetation s foliage of the Goiânia city and also study the metals associated with these particulates, especially Pb and Cd, giving subsidies to the city s air quality avaliation. The samples were studied between june of 2010 to june of 2011, using samplers of the type stacker which collects the thin and thick particulate simultaneously in polycarbonate membranes of 47 mm of diameter and pores of 0.4 and 8µm of diameter. The particulates masses were determinated by gravimetria and the metals analysis were done by the Atomic Espectrometry of Absortion(AEA). The thin and thick particulates concentrations showed seasonal variation with a reduction of 80% in the rainy season. The primary standard in the CONAMA resolution, of 150µg.m-³,was not exceeded in any sampled day.The ideal annual average, of 50µg.m-³, was exceeded sometimes during this period and the air quality ranged between goot to regular during the drought season and good during the rainy season. The thin particulate concentrations were above the USEPA s recommended limit in the drought season.The concentrations of the metals associated to the particulate, like Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn and Ni were below the USEPA s and WHO s concentrations. The Cd concentrations, in some samples, were above the WHO s recommended limit. The studied vegetation showed a great adsortion capacity of PTS on their foliage and reached the maximum concentration of 16,97 mg.mm-² on the Monguba s foliage and contributed to the air quality.The species which showed the biggest particulate adsorption capacity per unit of area was Oiti, followed by Monguba.OBS: Estão subscritos 2,5 e 10 em PM. O programa não copia algumas formatações.Item Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sensores quimicamente modificados para análise de sulfeto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-09) MATIAS, Ana Elisa Barreto; GIL, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303The developmental impulse of the present time has caused a continuous degradation of the environment, which increases the need of monitoring the contaminant levels launched in the natural water courses and industrial effluents. In this context, it is crucial to develop new methodologies of determination and quantification of various types of pollutants, with rapidity, selectivity and sensitivity, characteristics which were found in the chemically modified electrodes (CMEs). Many industrial processes are polluting the sources of water resources, such as the petrochemical industries and paper and cellulose industries. From those, sulfide is frequently set free causing serious demages due to its high toxicity, even in low concentrations, which suggests methods of detention of sulfide of high sensitivity, reduced time and low cost. Some analytical methodologies for the detention of sulfide are based on the reaction with methylene blue, which has recognized mediating electron capacity. Accordingly, the development and characterization of CMEs, modified with silica-niobium-methylene blue possess promising characteristics and great potential of use in these analyses. Studies of the voltametric behavior of CMEs had been carried through with different concentrations of SNAM. Beyond the effect of the paste composition, also the effect of the type of electrolyte support and of the pH had been investigated. The CMEs had been studied by cyclic voltammetry, linear voltammetry and chronoamperometry technique, presenting good reply to the ion sulfide in the linear response range between 7.59 x 10¬6 and 6,34 x 10¬5 moI L¬ 1, with correlation coefficient (r) of 0, 9979, detection limit of 2,03 x 10-6mol L-1 and quantification limit of 6,77 x 10¬6 moI L¬ 1. The results gotten in this work has allowed to conclude that the carbon paste modified with SNAM presents a good analytical performance for analysis of sulfide in samples of environmental interestItem Desenvolvimento de biossensor contendo polifenoloxidases de sementes de jatobá para análise ambiental(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-09-08) SANTIAGO, Patrícia de Oliveira; FERNANDES, Kátia Flávia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9737543228759171; GIL, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303The polyphenoloxidase (PPO) is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of phenolic compounds to quinones in the presence of oxygen. This enzyme is widely used in biosensor production and selective evaluation of phenol content in industrial effluents. In this work a biosensor modified with enzyme extract containing polyphenoloxidase from Hymenaea stigonocarpa (jatoba) seed was developed to detect phenolic compounds. The extraction was performed using Structural Risk Minimization (SRM) factorial design with 22 more central point. The extraction conditions were optimized in 1.0% (w / v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in 50 mmol l-1 phosphate buffer pH 7.5, time 40 min. The activity obtained was 0,97 ± 0,03 UEmg-1 proteins. The crude extract was partially purified using precipitation with ammonium sulfate 60% (w / v) and fractionated in phosphate buffer pH 7.0 in 1.0% Triton TX-100.The PPO activity resulting precipitated fraction was 2.7 times higher than in the crude extract. In 10% SDS gel were found six bands, three of which have molecular weights characteristic of PPO. The biosensor was constructed with a mixture of 60 mg of graphite powder, 30 mL of mineral oil and 10 mg of the enzymatic extract. The amperometric response was measured as the concentration of phenol, a voltage range of +0.13 - +0.38 V vs. SCE in phosphate buffer pH 7.0, the sweep speed in 100mVs-1. The electrode has a linear response range from 0.5 to 3.0 mol L-1 (r = 0.9981) using catechol as substrate. This biosensor was used to detect different types of phenolic compounds and when subjected to a sample of effluent from the pharmaceutical industry, no reading was obtained.Item Estoques e indicadores de carbono em cerradão e cerrado Stricto Sensu(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-09-01) SILVEIRA, Jeanete; GIL, Eric de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218622824233303The climate on the Planet has always been natural oscillations throughout its existence, but the anthropogenic contributions of greenhouse gases also change the composition of the atmosphere, affecting climate. Climatologists have found acceleration of global warming, because of the human s actions. Conversely, photosynthetic organisms, the processes of growth absorb atmospheric carbon, storing it in its components. The native Cerrado among the various environmental services offers, assimilates atmospheric carbon and store it in their biomass and soil, contributing to the mitigation of global warming. Forest planting and maintaining vegetation cover, contribute to the mitigation of global warming, then can generate tradable credits in the Carbon Market. Establishing indicators of the carbon stocks is one point key in generation process carbon credits. This work researched of carbon s stocks in plant biomass and soil, as well as their indicators, seeking greater clarity of what happens with the carbon throughout the soil profile and between two types of vegetation in the Cerrado biome: cerradão and cerrado sensu stricto. We studied three areas of each of thouse faces. We obtained biomass carbon stocks by direct determination in the field, then determining the matter content of kiln-dried, and subsequent calcination at 550°C by using samples of each part of a plant. The results were grouped either by depth or height , and also by the plant compartments such as roots, liter, herbaceous material, trunk, branches, leaves, fruits and others. The total stocks of carbon, considering both total plant biomass as carbon in the soil are 906,25 Mg ha-1 in cerradão and 419,04 Mg ha-1 in cerrado stricto sensu, providing relationship 2,2:1. The stocks of total soil carbon obtained by elemental analyzer, to a depth of 2 m, are of 258,68 Mg ha -1 in cerradão and 271,25 Mg ha-1 in cerrado stricto sensu. This was not statistically different in both environments. However, the carbon stocks of biomass above and below ground, are from 647,57 to 147,79 Mg ha-1 in cerradão and cerrado stricto sensu, has a ratio of 4,4:1. Comparing the carbon stocks of above-ground biomass with the stocks in underground plant biomass, the relationships are 3,52:1 in cerradão and 2,04:1 cerrado stricto sensu. Soil samples were taken at depth along the soil profile, having been developed as indicators for carbon stock: clay content (TA), bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), macro and micro ( MA and MI), index of aggregate stability (IEA), percentage of soil aggregate with size between 2-4 mm (SBP), total carbon soil stocks (ECTS), of by the method of elemental analyzer, organic carbon soil by the Walkley-Black (ECOS), content of nitrogen (N), carbon storage in roots from 0,65 to 2,5 cm (ECR), belowground biomass carbon stocks (ECBVS), total carbon soil stocks and belowground biomass carbon stocks combined (ECTS+BVS). The variance analysis of these indicators measured, has shown that: the total soil carbon stocks (ECTS), organic soil carbon stocks (ECOS), carbon stocks in roots with diameters from 0,65 to 2,5 cm (ECR ) and content of the total nitrogen stoks of soil (N) in addition to presenting differences in depth, also presented significant differences between the environments and interaction environment and depth. Stand out among the others and can compose set of methodologies appropriate to local projects forest carbon credits in the Cerrado region.