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Item Diversidade haplotípica da região promotora e do éxon 8 no gene ghr e suas relações com a lactação observada e ajustada para 305 dias em vacas da raça holandesa(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-07-15) Cardoso, Vanderlei Alves; Reis, Angela Adamski da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3243656364470085; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Reis, Angela Adamski da Silva; Cruz, Alex Silva da; Zacaroni, Ozana de FátimaThere are several factors that may affect the milk yield in cattle, among which the environmental characteristics and the genetic profile are the most important. The use of tools for genetic evaluation of animals, in particular the identification of SNPs, which are able to interfere with the production capacity, is being widely studied and used in animal production. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of polymorphic variants of the promoter region and éxon8 in gene of growth hormone receptor (GHR) in Holstein cows in milk. They used data from lactations and milk composition in the first and second lactation of 106 cows in the municipality of Cristalina, Goiás. The blood samples were collected and the genomic material was purified (DNA). The genotypes were analyzed by PCR-FRLP technique using the AluI enzyme in the promoter region and Sspl to the exon8 of the GHR gene, respectively. For the data analysis of lactation and milk composition was performed analyses of varyance and Tukey test. Allelic frequencies of 47.64% were observed for AluI (-) and 52.36% for AluI (+) for the polymorphism of the promoter region, 49.53% for Ssp (-) and 50.47% for Ssp (+ ) for the polymorphism of exon8 of the gene. As to the genotypic frequencies, the promoter region had 12.26%, 70.76% and 16.98% for AluI genotypes (- / -), AluI (+/-) and AluI (+ / +) respectively. While the region of exon8 presented frequencies of 7.55%, 83.96% and 8.49% for genotypes Ssp (- / -), SspI (+/-), and SspI (+ / +) respectively. No statistically significant differences were found (P> 0.05) for the production and composition of milk on the effects of polymorphisms of the promoter region (AluI) and exon 8 (SspI) of the GHR gene. The composition EST and ESD were higher for SspI genotypes (- / -), but with significance level P = 0.06 and P = 0.05 respectively for EST and ESD. The interaction between the two polymorphisms and their effects on milk production and composition, no statistically significant differences were observed (P> 0.05).Item Avaliação de fatores que afetam a qualidade de farinha de vísceras na indústria de subprodutos avícola(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-06-20) Fernandes, Eder de Sousa; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Oliveira, Guilherme Roberto de; Mascarenhas, Alessandra GimenezIn order to characterize the possible variations in the chemical composition of the viscera meal was carried out this work to study the possible variables that can cause variations and affect the final quality of poultry by products focusing on their use in the feed industry broilers. For this experiment was chosen a large commercial poultry abattoir processing viscera immediately after slaughter of birds in a processing plant poultry meal, unit is located in central Goiás state. The samples were collected and analyzed weekly for a period of twelve months between June 2014 and June 2015. in order to characterize the possible variations in the chemical composition of the viscera flour were studied the effect of temperature, pressure, humidity, weight and processing time and to assess the flours obtained the parameters were qualitative tests (acidity index, peroxide index and Eber test), the proximal evaluation (ether extract, crude protein, moisture, calcium and phosphorus), and this grading tests were performed, color texture and odor. For such an assessment adopted the statistical program R using the statistical method of Pearson correlations.Item Níveis de sombreamento artificial sobre as respostas fisiológicas, comportamentais, desempenho animal e características de carcaça e carne de nelore em confinamento(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-12-07) Ferro, Diogo Alves da Costa; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; Bueno, Claudia Peixoto; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Santos, Aracele Pinheiro Pales dos; Coelho, Karyne Oliveira; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; Hellmeister Filho, PauloThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of different levels of artificial shading on the physiological, behavioral, animal performance and carcass characteristics of males and meat Nellore cattle in an intensive production system. The experiment was carried out from July to October 2014, in the experimental feedlot in the Animal Science Department at the State University of Goiás. Twenty-four double 24 m² stalls were used: six in the open air, six covered with black shading net with 30% light interception, six with shading net 50%, and six with shading net 80%, covering 6 m² in shade per stall, totaling 48 male Nellore cattle with an average initial weight of 310 kg. Temperature-humidity index and respiratory frequency were evaluated twice weekly, and behavior was evaluated fortnightly, starting at 06h00 and ending at 18h00, in a total of 12 h of evaluation. Feeding, rumination, rest, other activities, social, body care, playful, and abnormal behaviors were observed. The feed supplied to the animals and the orts left in the trough were weighed daily to determine their intake. Animals were weighed at the onset of the experiment and another three times until its end, followed by slaughter and assessments of characteristics and carcass and meat quality. The lowest values for temperature-humidity index and respiratory frequency were found in the stalls and animals under shading net with 80 and 50% light interception. There was no significant difference between the feeding and rumination times and frequencies of urination, defecation, self-cleaning act, and social and abnormal behaviors between the animals kept without and with access to artificial shading. Rest, other activities, and playful behaviors did not differ between the animals kept in the stalls with 30, 50, and 80% of light interception. No significant difference was observed between feed intake, initial weight, final weight, total weight gain, average daily weight gain, carcass dressing, marbling, texture, fat cover degree, subcutaneous fat thickness, loin-eye area, meat color, length and circumference thigh and leg, or carcass length of the animals in the different treatments. The use of artificial shading had no significant effect on most behavioral variables, performance, and meat quality of feedlot Nellore cattle, as the ambient temperature remained within the thermal comfort zone.Item Uso do extrato seco de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens) e óleo bruto de sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus) e monensina na dieta de vacas leiteiras(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-10-08) Jesus, Flávia Duarte de; Ferreira, Reginaldo Nassar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2555785079833283; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Malaquias Júnior, João Darós; Zacaroni, Ozana de FátimaVarious synthetic additives are used in feed for ruminants with a view to improving production efficiency. However, the consumer society is increasingly criticizing the use of these products. The ever-increasing demand for healthy and safe food is causing great pressure in various sectors of agriculture. Thus, in order to develop sustainable technologies, have been used two plants of the Cerrado, the Barbatimão and Sucupira, that have proven antimicrobial activity. The objective was to evaluate the effects of natural additives Barbatimão and Sucupira on consumption and total apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, ruminal fermentation, milk yield and composition and productive efficiency. The used treatments were: Control (M): Inclusion of 22,5mg / kg DM of Monensin Sodium; Barbatimão (B1000): inclusion of 1000mg / kg MS of active Ingredient of dry extract of barbatimão ; Barbatimão (B500): inclusion of 500mg / kg MS of active Ingredient of dry extract of barbatimão; Sucupira (S250): inclusion of 250 mg / kg DM of crude oil of Sucupira; Sucupira (S500): inclusion of 500mg / kg DM of crude oil of Sucupira. Where utilized five crossbred lactating cows. The design utilized was a 5x5 Latin square design with periods of 21 days, 14 for adaptation of animals and seven for data collection. For the variables consumption of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), and total carbohydrate (TC), there was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between neither treatment. The averages of dry matter intake for the B1000, S500 and S250 treatments did not differ (p <0.05) to the treatment M. For the variable percentage of dry matter intake relative to body weight all natural additives statistically similar means (p <0.05) M, except B500 treatment, which averaged more than M (p <0.05). The results of the fiber intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and percentage of NDF intake in relation to body weight showed that only treatment S500 was able to affect these variables similarly to monensin (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between treatments evaluated for the average pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration of rumen fluid. No statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between the averages of DM, OM, CP, EE, TC and NDF in neither of the treatments. The digestibility of NFC was no statistical difference (p <005) only between treatment M and B500, in which the digestibility for B500 was smaller than M (78.62 vs 71.16). For the averages of milk production, corrected milk production and milk composition were no statistically significant differences (p> 0.05). There was also no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05) between the averages of treatments when evaluating production efficiency.Item Máquina de aprendizado extremo para predição de ganho médio diário à desmama em bovinos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-20) Lisboa, Giovanna Rodrigues; Bertazzo, Rodrigo Possa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7503210823802793; Mascioli, Arthur dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6557055478323026; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Leite, Carla Daniela Suguimoto; Hellmeister Filho, PauloExtreme Learning Machines, Extreme Machine Learning (EML/IGASE), unlike other Artificial Neural Network (ANN) training algorithms that adjust network parameters through the iterative presentation of training patterns, include intermediate neuron numbers and perform projection random in the hidden layer, in general of high dimensionality in the complex connections with the other variables of direct inputs, the weights are selected in a random way injected and bijected in the complex composite functions, without need of training. The over- sizing of the EML/IGASE becomes necessary for the smoothing of the response, guarantees the capacity of generalization and transfers of complex functions in the temporal series of phenotypic expressions of the animals. The objective of this work is to predict the average weight gain at weaning (GMPD) phenotype as a function of direct variables measured in animals within and between seasons (SF) and farms (FAZ), using EML/IGASE. 8,812 progeny records were used for 11 harvests, descendants of 272 bulls, from 09 farms located in different states of the federation, Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Paraná (PR) and São Paulo (SP). ). The phenotypes studied were weight at weaning (PD), average weight gain at weaning (GMPD), conformation at weaning (CPD), musc ulature at weaning (MPD) and early weaning (PPD). Extreme Machine Learning (EML/IGASE) was able to predict the mean weight gain at weaning (GMPD) phenotype, based on the other variables measured in the animals within and between seasons and farms studied, with low Mean Squared Error (MSE) in the robust interactions and transfers of complex functions from multi-input neural architectures and different levels of environmental attributables to the expressed phenotypes. In the univariate analyzes with the input variable weights at weaning (PD) transferring to the average weight gain at weaning (GMPD) the EML/IGASE performed complex numeric al predictions in 08 productive harvests of the 09 farms, where the Mean Squared Errors (EQM) between predicted and actual variables of GMPD ranged from 0.09 to 13.96%. For the multivariate analyzes with the four input variables weight at weaning (PD), conformation at weaning (CPD), musc ulature at weaning (MPD) and precocity at weaning (PPD) in 09 harvests of the 09 productive farms, the Mean Squared Errors (NDE) between predicted and actual GMPD variables ranged from 0.08 to 26.30%. The complex transfer functions were robust to noise tests up to the second decimal place in the numeric al predictions considered in the study.Item Avaliação do efeito de variáveis produtivas na conversão alimentar de frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-27) Lupatini, Flaviana; Stringhini, Jose Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Café, Marcos Barcellos; França, José Maurício; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros deThe feed conversion is one of the more indexes monitored by poultry agroindustry, in order to keep their production costs within bounds economically viable. The present study was conducted in order to identify which variables productive have the greatest impact on feed conversion of broilers. Was used production data of poultry agroindustry in the central-west of Brazil. The field results were collected from January 2012 to September 2013, a total of 2,978 broilers flocks. The sample is composed of lots of commercial strains Cobb and Hubbard, not sexed. Was made analysis of variance with Tukey Test (P> 0.05), and analysis of variance in mixed model for the following qualitatives variables: year period, commercial strains, hatchery, incubator type, type of poultry house, homogeneity of flock weight at birth. The correlation and regression polynomial for the following quantitative variables: birth weight, weight to 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days, weight slaughter, slaughter age, mortality, average daily gain and time interval between flocks on the field. Statistical analysis was made through the statistical program R. The sum of squares in the mixed model, the variables that presented the greatest impact on feed conversion were: period of the year with 39.90%, type of poultry house with 35.70% and lineage with 17.80%. Between quantitative variables that had a greater correlation with the feed conversion ratio is the average daily gain,-0.57 (P < 0.01). Each gram in average daily gain results in nine grams in feed conversion. Flocks that showed lower mortality rate, showed greater correlation between average daily gain and feed conversion. Thus, in the present study, the variables that presented the greatest impact on feed conversion were: average daily gain and period of the year.