Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB)
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Navegando Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB) por Por Orientador "Bastos, Rogério Pereira"
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Item Populações de Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura, Hylidae) de ambientes urbanos e rurais diferem em relação às vocalizações, morfometria e aos tamanhos populacionais?(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-28) Amaral, Ivan Borel; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990In recent years, population declines of amphibians have been observed in different parts of the world. The process of fragmentation and destruction of habitats is considered the most threat to this diversity. Urbanization reduces species richness at assemblage of amphibian reproduction. Due to amphibians require a modest area for survival, some species can thrive in urban fragments. But small population sizes and isolation can cause the loss of genetic diversity and the extinction local. The advertisement calls are the most common vocalizations in anurans that primarily have the function to attract females and secondarily, serve to mediate aggressive interactions between males. For many species, individual reproductive success is directly proportional to the effort put in the corner. The variation between populations may be related to local adaptation, resource availability and reduced gene flow. This study aimed to test the following hypotheses: ( 1 ) Due to the effects of fragmentation and habitat destruction and urbanization , population sizes of Hypsiboas albopunctatus urban parks are smaller than the population size of rural populations , (2 ) There are differences morphometric H. albopunctatus between rural and urban environments , and ( 3 ) Due to the change of social structure as a function of fragmentation and influence of urban noise , there are differences in vocalizations of H. albopunctatus between rural and urban environments . The H. albopunctatus populations of urban and rural environments differ in population size , the body size and characteristics of the advertisement call. Urban populations were smaller than those of the rural environment. The results showed that populations are lower in smaller and changed urban fragments . Urban populations had a lower repetition rate of notes compared to rural environment . This fact may be related mainly to reduced population sizes and consequent behavioral change and structure of choirs of urban environments. It is unreasonable to reject the hypothesis that the sounds of car engines may influence the acoustic parameters of the corners of H. albopunctatus in urban environment. The population of H. albopunctatus Zoo vocalised in higher frequency bands and acoustic variable that is inversely related to body size of individuals as in other anurans. The population of this fragment was the one that differed from all others in both acoustic as morphometric characteristics. These results support the hypothesis that there are differences in the characteristics of the advertisement calls of Hypsiboas albopunctatus between rural and urban environments. The population of P. M. Jardim Botânico was the most distanced itself from the other urban populations in both acoustic and morphometric characteristics as the population size. This population was the most resembled the population characteristics of the rural environment. A same species of amphibian populations may have considerably differences in population structure, morphological and behavioral characteristics due to the fact that some are under the influence of the urban environment and other rural environment. The planning for the conservation of such populations requires more refined analysis that takes into account the aspects of ecological, behavioral and adaptive responses of this species in their specific environment.Item Ecologia reprodutiva, comportamento acústico e territorial de uma perereca neotropical (Hypsiboas goianus) no Brasil Central(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-10) Dias, Tailise Marques; Prado, Cynthia P. A.; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990; Sole, Mirco; Nomura, Fausto; Bastos, Rogério PereiraIn anurans, acoustic communication is related to many different behaviors, either reproductive or territorial. In this sense, this study investigated the reproduction and the acoustic and territorial behavior of Hypsiboas goianus. The study was performed in the Floresta Nacional de Silvânia, municipality of Silvânia, state of Goiás, Brazil. Firstly, we investigated the use of calling sites, the calling pattern of the males along the night and the within-individual variation of the acoustic parameters along the night. We found a positive relationship between male snout-vent length and their distance from the water. The males emitted more aggressive calls at the early hours of the night and the number of advertisement calls emitted increased in the middle of the night. Besides, the repetition rate and interval between notes varied along the night. Additionally, we investigated the reproductive ecology and the dynamics of the territorial behavior of H. goianus. We found no relationship between the size of the female and clutch size, and also between egg size and number of eggs. Matings were not assortative. We also performed two territoriality experiments, which included manipulation of the distance between males and the placement of intruder males next to an established resident. In both experiments the number of calls emitted was influenced by size, and physical combat was rare. The results from this study show that male H. goianus maintain a reproductive strategy along the night and that, for this species, acoustic communication is greatly important in different social contexts.Item Aplicações do monitoramento acústico automático de anuros: inventário de espécies, comparações metodológicas e estudo da detectabilidade das espécies(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-27) Melo, Isabella Rodrigues de; Lima, Luciana Signorelli Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4503432546817338; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; Sugai, Larissa Sayuri MoreiraThe increasing decline in anuran amphibiam populations and the high sensitivity of the group require adequate population monitoring and, studies of natural history and behavior. Bioacoustics can be used for these purposes, because anurans use vocalization as their main form of communication. Using bioacoustics, two types of methodology can be performed: 1) actives searches, where the researcher detect and identify species visually and by aurally in the field, and 2) passive monitoring, where the researcher identifies species vocalizations in acoustic recordings registered by automatic recorders. Passive acoustic monitoring is increasingly being used and is a great strategy for phenology studies. Thus, using passive acoustic monitoring, this work has three main objectives: 1) to complement the anuran species inventory of the Emas National Park; 2) compare the efficiency of active searches and passive acoustic monitoring; 3) to investigate the effect of daily, seasonal variation, methodology and environmental variables on the detection of anuran vocalization activity. For this, during the 2018-2019 breeding season (September-April), we installed seven automated recorders in humid field environments set to recorded vocalizations for two minutes on every hour of the day. At each of the seven points we installed automated recorders, we performed six active searches throughout the breeding season. From the active searches, we found 12 species while by recording analysis we recorded 21 species of anurans, where six of them had not been registered before in the park. Regarding the comparison between methodologies, we found that both techniques (active searching and passive monitoring) are efficient and complementary, since they often detect different species and thus contribute differently to the total richness. We found that species vocalizations are influenced by day period, reproductive season period, precipitation, humidity, temperature and methodology (active search or passive monitoring), depending on the reproductive season period. Thus, we conclude that passive acoustic monitoring is an efficient technique that can assist us in anuran studies.Item A influência do tamanho de área protegida na composição e conservação de aves no Cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-07-27) Pereira, Caio Stuart Amorim; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; Ferreira, Anamaria Achtschin; Bispo, Arthur ÂngeloThe Cerrado has a huge variety of ecosystems are able to offer resources and conditions for more than half of the birds found in Brazil. Its great extent and location on the continent favors contact with birds of different biomes. All this diversity of birds is threatened by processes that reduce natural cover your area. The selection of protected areas is aimed to represent the largest number of local species and their populations remain viable over time. This strategy is used from the predictions of the theory of island biogeography implies a positive relationship between the size of the area and its species richness. Other important elements of biodiversity may be absent only selected areas of the potential size of the area. In a protected area of the Cerrado conducted a field study in which we ascertain the status of endemism and threat to local bird community analyzed the influence of seasonality on the composition of its avifauna. In the second part of our work grouped the 12 species in protected areas in the Cerrado by their similarities in the use of resources in the environment. We tested the relationship between area size and species richness considering the variations in the composition of functional groups and number of endemic species and / or threatened. We discussed how big an area can influence the priorities for bird conservation in the biome. We found that the area has a strong influence on the number of species from one location. However, we point out some aspects that highlight a set of small areas in the conservation of bird diversity in Cerrado.Item Áreas de intensa agropecuária podem apresentar comunidades de anuros representativas?(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-29) Ramos, Jade; Nomura, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9506582657045983; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990The attributes that make amphibians good environmental indicators are permeable skin, shell-less eggs and life cycle with two phases in most of the species, one terrestrial (adult) and other aquatic (tadpoles). Moreover, they are important components of many ecological communities, either by eating a multitude of insects or serving as prey for other animals. Currently many species have suffered population declines or have become extinct. The hypotheses tested were: (a) water bodies in the southwest region of Goiás do not show species richness similar to other regions of the Cerrado biome; (b) the structural integrity (measured by environmental integrity index) of the water body interferes with richness and abundance of the anuran species found; (c) water bodies located in preserved areas show higher species richness, abundance of individuals and β diversity than anthropized water bodies (located in pasture, soy and sugar-cane fields). Field observations were conducted between 2009 and 2010 in six municipalities in southwest Goiás: Aporé, Jataí, Mineiros, Portelândia, Rio Verde and Serranópolis. Forty-three water bodies were sampled, being ten of them found in sugar cane crops, twelve in pasture, twelve in soybean crops and nine in areas of natural vegetation. We recorded 34 species of frogs. Considering all water bodies sampled in southwest Goiás, both collector’s curves made with the occurrences of tadpoles and adults tended to stabilize. The richness estimated for adults was 39.89 ± 5.06 and 35.82 ± 7.62 for tadpoles. The most abundant species in adult stage were Dendropsophus cruzi, D. minutus and Hypsiboas albopunctatus, respectively, while in larval stage the most abundant were Hypsiboas albopunctatus, Physalaemus cuvieri and Scinax fuscovarius. Overall, for both adults and tadpoles, we found no correlations between richness and abundance of species and environmental integrity index for any of the four types of water bodies. The only exception was when species abundance (adult phase) was related to the environmental integrity index of all water bodies. The species composition (adult and larval stage) did not differ among the types of water bodies. All hypotheses tested were rejected. Although the southwest Goiás is impacted by agriculture, the anuran species richness is similar to other areas of Cerrado.Item Ecologia reprodutiva de Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Spix 1824) (Anura, Hylidae), no município de Cocalzinho de Goiás, leste do estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-27) Santos, Marcela Peixoto dos; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990(Sem resumo em outra língua)Item Bioacústica de barycholos ternetzi ( Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937) no Brasil Central(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-25) Silva, Priscila Lemes de Azevedo; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990In most species of anurans, the males vocalizes and through the advertisement call information such as size and physical strength are transmitted in a manner that maintains or increases the relative attractiveness of reproductive females in the household. Thus, males may to engage in competitions acoustic or physical, limiting the acoustic space available for the vocalizations of other males. The goals of this study were to describe the acoustic behavior of Barycholos ternetzi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937) study was conducted in October 2009, the National Forest (NF) of Silvânia in the city of Silvânia, the State of Goiás was sampled three environment different in NF: preserved gallery forest, disturbed gallery forest and open area. Males Barycholos ternetzi have wide repertoire, displayed seven distinct vocalizations: advertisement call, aggressive call, three types of fighting call, distress call and mixed call. The advertisement call was the most frequent vocalization. Vocalizations are short and pulsed structure, except for fighting call 1 and distress call, as it had three harmonics. The mixed calls are formed by the emission of two or three notes similar to the advertisement call followed by an aggressive call. The vocalizations were sent to fight in physical combat between two males, while the mixed call was sent in the aggregate at least ten individuals. This suggests that the mixed calls of B. ternetzi could be a graded aggressive call system, which allows male to gradually reduce the number of attractive elements while increasing the aggressiveness of the call. The frequency of the advertisement call was the only acoustic parameter for both the static coefficient of variation for intra and inter. Although, according to the reason CVe /CVi > 1, all parameters are potentially used in individual identification for the advertisement and aggressive calls. The individual discrimination in low density is higher with 41% and 57.5% depending on the call and the acoustic properties of the model. This suggests that there is difference in ranking when compared high and low density for males of B. ternetzi, however, have low individual distinction. For B. ternetzi, the call duration was the most important parameter for the differences between males in the advertisement call. At the aggressive call, dominant frequency was the most important parameter for individuals of B. ternetzi vocalizing in high density, while the call duration to low density. The dominant frequency is influenced by the call duration and the body size, but not by the distance between individuals. B. ternetzi send calls longer and more frequent in low temperature and there is a positive influence on call duration in the repetition rate, indicating that the temporal parameters are more susceptible to fluctuations in temperature while the spectral parameter of the honest old male. Differences in the transmission of the acoustic parameters were seen only between the environments of the disturbed gallery forest and open area, since the reverberation is a common distortion of sound in forests, making the transmission more efficient in the open area.Item Variação no canto de anúncio de Dendropsophus cruzi (Pombal & Bastos,1998) (Anura: Hylidae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-25) Tessarolo, Geiziane; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990The advertisement call of anurans contains spectral and temporal information important for specific recognition, beside relevance in social organization and attraction of females. The variation in features call has been received attention because their importance in breeding behavior, and implications for the recognition of conespecifics in multiple levels of social organization. The objective of this study is to investigate patterns of variability in the acoustics properties of the advertisement call of Dendropsophus cruzi in different levels: individual, population and specific, in ten populations of state of Goiás. The following acoustic variables were analyzed: call repetition rate, duration of call, number of pulses, duration of pulse and dominant frequency. The acoustics parameters weret influenced as for temperature as for rostrumcloacal length (CRC), and presented different variability coefficients, within-male and among-male being the variability among-male greater than the variability within-male. The dominant frequency is the property of greater potential for use in the specific recognition and also is the characteristic that best discriminates populations. The geographic distance did not predict the differences found in the call. However, geographic cline patterns was found for duration of call, call repetition rate and CRC. The differences among populations can be due to local selective pressures as environmental and social structure of the chorus. The decreases of CRC to the north reflect the gradual change in the temperature in the same sense, influencing the development and growth rates, with smaller individuals. On the other hand, the increase of the temporal characters of call occur for increase the loss attractiveness caused by the high dominant frequency imposed by the smallest size of the body.Item Efeitos locais e regionais na estruturação de comunidades de anuros em paisagens de agropecuária(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-05-29) Vieira, Raísa Romênia Silva; Marco Junior, Paulo de; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990Small water bodies (e.g. ponds, small lakes) are distributed in many landscapes and are commonly found in agricultural areas. These water bodies are important in maintaining regional biodiversity because they support heterogeneous communities of aquatic organisms. The differences in local and regional environmental features may explain beta diversity and which process, nestedness or turnover, is more important in these anthropogenic landscapes. In this work we aim to answer how local and regional factors affect the richness and variation in species composition of anurans in agricultural landscapes. We sampled amphibians in 68 water bodies in the surroundings of Goiânia municipality. Species turnover is the main phenomenon occurring in the landscape and this pattern differs from a null distribution. Environmental heterogeneity was the main variable affecting richness and beta diversity of frogs. The presence of species in the sampled area is mainly related to the availability of different microhabitats, both vertically and horizontally, which support particular requirements of the species. Is crucial to differentiate the nestedness and turnover phenomena to understand the processes that determine the organization of communities.