Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB)
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Navegando Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB) por Por Orientador "Bini, Luis Mauricio"
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Item Biogeografia da conservação de morcegos no cerrado brasileiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-06) Barreto, Bruno de Souza; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079The units of conservation are main strategy adopted by the rulers to guarantee that the negative effects of the socioeconomic development reach less the biodiversity. recent researches have been trying to outline the problem through reserve selection that seek larger representativeness of the goals of conservation (in general some estimador of the biodiversity as the species) in terms of a smaller number of areas as possible. in the last 50 years the cerrado is going by transformations in their natural landscapes due to the progress of the modern agriculture and of the livestock. due to that, the objective of that work was to define priority areas network for conservation of bats in terms of five conservation sceneries differents. the generated nets were restricted by socioeconomic cost, presence of cave and a cost that considers the previous two cost. the results revealed main features of analyses of complementarity: multiple solutions, flexibility of the nets, and influence of the rarity of the species for the definition of groups starting from the pattern of rarity. the costs were important for definition of nets that avoided as much conflicts of conservation as prioritized the species in areas of cave.Item Padrões de coerência ambiental e sincronia populacional em um reservatório tropical(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-27) Carvalho, Sara Lodi de; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079It is said that there is temporal coherence when environmental variables measured at different points in space vary synchronously over time. The aim of this study was to test how local and regional factors influenced the temporal coherence of limnological variables in a reservoir. In 14 sites, and for 31 months (between May 2004 and November 2009), 20 limnological variables were monitored in the Peixe Reservoir (State of Tocantins, Brazil). The coherence levels were estimated by averaging the Spearman’s correlation values between time series obtained for pairs of sites. All variables showed significant levels of coherence. The lowest values of coherence were recorded for biological variables, due to the predominant influence of local factors, and the highest for the physical variables, indicating strong climate regulation. Distance-based multiple regressions were used to model the variation in the coherence levels in function of distance and hydrological connectivity. Significant models were obtained for fifteen variables. Geographically close and hydrologically connected sites had more similar temporal dynamics. For some variables, the hydrological connectivity was even more important than distance. In general, these results indicate the influence of hydrological connectivity and regional processes (e.g., precipitation) on the similarity of the temporal dynamics of many of the monitored variables. Considering the significant levels of coherence, there is the possibility to optimize the monitoring program.Item Comunidades de macroinvertebrados de riachos ainda apresentam um sinal biogeográfico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-21) Libório, Carlos Henrique Lopes; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079; Bini, Luis Mauricio; Bortolini, Jascieli; Ortega, Jean Carlo GonçalvesEcosystems can have alternative stable states. In theory, temporal or spatial changes of a key environmental variable (e.g., phosphorus concentration), after a certain threshold, would cause rapid and abrupt changes in the state of an ecosystem (e.g. from oligo to eutrophic). The theory also predicts that feedback mechanisms hinder the return of an ecosystem to its original state, even when the change in the key variable is in the opposite direction. Detecting changes in ecological regimes is important to identify biogeographic boundaries and where environmental disturbances are occurring. The general objective of this work is to identify spatial changes in the state of streams macroinvertebrate communities. To do so, we used a large dataset covering the entire continental territory of the United States of America. We use a priori (ecoregions) and a posteriori classifications (based on environmental and anthropogenic variables) to quantify whether these typologies are representing the structure of macroinvertebrate communities. We calculated the classification strength considering ecoregions and environmental/anthropogenic variables as classification factors. We expected that these environmental/anthropogenic variables would have greater classification strength considering the strong environmental impacts on aquatic ecosystems. However, the classification strength of ecoregions was much higher than those of environmental/anthropogenic variables. We also found that areas of abrupt changes in communities are in part coincident with transitional zones between ecoregions. Therefore, our results indicate that there is still a clear biogeographic sign on macroinvertebrate communities, despite the strong anthropogenic environmental changes that aquatic ecosystems have undergone.Item Táxons superiores são suficientes para representar padrões de biodiversidade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-20) Oliveira Junior, Sandro Souza de; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079; Bini, Luis Mauricio; Carvalho, Priscilla de; Carneiro, Fernanda MeloThe paucity of knowledge about biodiversity (Linnean Shortfall) and about the geographic distributions of many species (Wallacean Shortfall) makes it difficult to conduct studies that seek to explain biodiversity patterns. One way to overcome this difficulty consists in the utilization of data with lower taxonomic resolution, an approach called taxonomic sufficiency. The main aim of this study was to evaluate, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, whether this approach is reliable. We also evaluated whether the strength of the taxonomic sufficiency (i.e. the relationship between datasets at high a low taxonomic resolutions) depended on different factors, including taxonomic level (genus, family, order and class), ecosystem type (aquatic and terrestrial), biological group (e.g. invertebrates, vertebrates and plants), spatial extent and higher taxon to species richness ratio. We found that the taxonomic sufficiency was a reliable approach in revealing species richness and compositional patterns, independently of biological groups and ecosystem types. As expected, the strength of the taxonomic sufficiency decreased as the taxonomic resolution decreased. In addition, the ratio between the richness of lower and higher taxonomic levels (φ) is a strong indicator of the taxonomic sufficiency, whereas the spatial scale was not influential. Therefore, the use of higher taxa (e.g. genera) is a reliable approach to save time and resources in biomonitoring programs and differs in this regard from other approaches already evaluated in the scientific literature (e.g. biological surrogacy).Item Atributos funcionais não estão correlacionados com sincronia em uma comunidade fitoplanctônica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Silva, Matheus Nunes da; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079; Carneiro, Fernanda Melo; Bortolini, Jascieli Carla; Bini, Luis MauricioSpecies abundance in a local community can be correlated over time. Similarly, the abundance of different local populations of a given species can vary synchronously. The study of these patterns, known as interspecific synchrony and population synchrony, respectively, may indicate the relative importance of interspecific interactions, environmental filters (at different spatial scales) and dispersal processes on the temporal dynamics of populations and communities. In addition, studies have sought to test whether the levels of synchrony (interspecific and population) are related to functional traits. For example, functionally similar species should have correlated dynamics under the effect of a strong environmental filter. As another example, a specialist species should have higher levels of population synchrony than a generalist species. Thus, in the first chapter of this dissertation, we used data on phytoplankton functional traits to test whether the level of interspecific synchrony between pairs of species is dependent on the functional dissimilarity between them. In addition, we tested whether the increase in functional diversity would influence community synchrony, which in turn, could affect community stability. In the second chapter, we tested whether specialist taxa would have greater spatial synchrony than generalists. For both chapters, we used a dataset on phytoplankton community in the Cana Brava Reservoir (Goiás State, Brazil). Our hypotheses were not supported by the results. However, in the first chapter, we found a predominance of positive correlations between species abundances, a result that indicates the importance of environmental filters. In the second chapter, the low values of population synchrony suggest that regional environmental factors were not strong enough to control population dynamics. In general, we suggest that future studies should test a similar set of traits to test the generality of correlates of synchrony.