Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB)
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Navegando Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB) por Por Orientador "Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius"
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Item Conservação de diversidade funcional e filogenética: identificando padrões e definindo prioridades(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-10-29) Hidasi Neto, José; Loyola, Rafael Dias; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3421612628316830; Marco Júnior, Paulo de; Paglia, Adriano Pereira; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius(Sem resumo em outra língua)Item Menos complementares e redundantes, porém mais jovens: organização de assembleias de aves em monoculturas florestais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-04-29) Labecca, Fábio Martins; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; Bini, Luis Mauricio; Ferreira, Marco Aurélio Pizo; Cianciaruso, Marcus ViniciusThe increasing demand for timber and pulpwood has triggered an increase in areas of tree monocultures. The effects of native vegetation conversion in such monocultures have been extensively debated, but the consequences of this land use change to functionality and evolutionary history conservation have been little studied. Here, we evaluated how the avifauna responds to nature ecosystem conversion in tree monocultures by quantifying changes in local diversity (alpha diversity) and in assemblage composition (beta diversity), in their functional and phylogenetic components. We compiled forty paired bird lists in native vegetation areas and in comparable tree monoculture areas. Changes in alpha diversity were quantified by paired tests of observed values in native vegetation and in tree monocultures, and changes in assemblages composition through additive partitioning of beta diversity in nestedness and turnover components. We observed that tree monocultures are impoverished in number of species, supporting lower functional richness and less functionally similar assemblages. This demonstrates that environmental filter selecting and limiting similarity processes concurrently modify functional structure of bird assemblages, resulting in loss of functional complementarity and redundancy. Species in tree monocultures are also evolutionary younger and less related to each other. We showed that bird assemblages in tree monoculture are composed largely by functionally and phylogenetic different species from that assemblages in native vegetation. Body size, diet and foraging traits were the major functional traits in predicting the absence of the species in tree monocultures. Alson, we show that annual average temperature, annual average pluviosity and stage of understory development in tree monocultures are important predictors of diversity loss in these type of monoculture.Item Estratégias ecológicas com base no sistema LHS (leaf-height-seed) em plantas lenhosas ao longo de gradientes ambientais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-28) Laureto, Livia Maira Orlandi; Guilherme, Frederico Augusto Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6514433986706275; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3421612628316830; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; Müeller, Sandra Cristina; Almeida Neto, MárioHow environmental filters and niche differentiation acts in assembly rules and the importance of ecological strategies in such process are unresolved questions in community ecology. We choose a savanna-forest gradient to answer these questions. Such gradient is related with variations in soil fertility, light and disturbance frequency. We used null models and LHS (leafheight-seed) traits, including intraspecific variability, to investigate if niche based process are acting in assemblages along the savanna-forest gradiente. We also investigated if diferente ecological strategies are favored along this gradiente and which edaphic parameters affects niche based process. We found evidence for environmental filtering in forest and savanna assemblages: factors such as soil, light and disturbance affected observed values of functional traits, which were more similar than expected by chance. However, environmental filters selected plants with different trait values along the gradient, highlighting the use of different ecological strategies depending of abiotic characteristics of each assemblage. In forest assemblages competitive strategies were the most commom (higher mean values for the three traits), suggesting that light is a stronger filter than soil nutrient availability. In savanna assemblages smaller plants with smaller specific lead área co-occurred most often, suggesting strategies focused on resource conservation. Furthermore, we found evidence for niche differentiation process (represented by competition between co-occurring plants) only in savanna: trait values were less similar than expected by the null model. Therefore, in such assemblages, where soil fertility is smaller and disturbances are more frequente, niche differentiation acts reducing competition and enabling the permanence of indidividuals in the assemblage. We found, also, that, soil fertility, texture and aluminium-pH are good predictors for both niche based processes. Althought other studies have found evidence for niche based process structuring natural communities, our research provides a more complete investigation about assembly rules, comprising important factors to assemblage dynamics simultaneously such as intraspecific variability, different functional traits and the influence of specific factors like soil.Item Complementaridade de atributos reduz a decomposição de folhas em assembleias experimentais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-06) Plazas Jiménez, Oscar Daniel; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3421612628316830; Gonçalves Júnior, José Francisco; Bini, Luis MauricioTheoretical and empirical evidence suggest that the mass ratio and the niche complementarity hypothesis are able to explain how species trait composition drives decomposition, an ecosystem process related with nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. These two hypotheses are respectively related with the mean trait values of individuals present in a given community and its variance. Thus, it is impossible to test them adequately without experiments planned to approach these two aspects simultaneously. Although leaf functional traits influence decomposition process, an experimental design made to disentangle the unique, combined and strength of effects of the mechanisms proposed by MRH and NCH on decomposition should use leaf functional traits as predictors, but this has not yet been done. Here, we used two leaf nutritional traits (leaf nitrogen and magnesium-calcium content) and one structural trait (specific leaf area; SLA) from 20 species of seasonal dry forest to simulate leaf mixtures with different mean trait values (calculated as community-weighted mean; CWM) and variation of trait values (functional diversity; FD). For each trait, 40 leaf mixtures with different quasi-orthogonal combinations of CWM and FD were selected and left in the field to decompose for six months. We found that MRH mechanisms exert predominant role on decomposition where low and high CWM values were related with high biomass loss. Then, this add more evidence to support that the mean trait values of leaf mixtures are the main drivers of biomass loss. Contrary to previously evidences, trait complementarity does not increase efficiency and instead, an increasing in niche complementarity (high FD values) was followed by a decreasing in biomass loss efficiency. So, this question the importance of mechanism behind NCH on leaf decomposition. Additionally, we found that whereas nutritional traits were able to predict leaf decomposition, structural traits were not, in opposite to what is reported in the literature. Our results highlight that the mean resources quality of the leaf mixtures is the main driver of biomass loss and trait complementarity does not increase efficiency of biomass loss. Due to this, we proposed that in future studies mean resources quality of the leaf mixtures will be use as parameter to test and predict the possible impacts of human-induced changes on nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration.Item Respostas funcionais ao ambiente não são explicados por filogenia em aves e mamíferos no continente americano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-05-29) Werneck, Rhayane Pires; Duarte, Leandro da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5689119481203018; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3421612628316830; Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius; Jardim, Lucas Lacerda Caldas Zanini; Tessarolo, GeizianeOver the years, ecologists have tried to understand the diversity of attributes in communities and how this reflects how species respond to the environmental gradient. It is known that different environmental conditions such as temperature, precipitation and productivity are able to select attributes and result in different configurations of functional diversity patterns. These gradient responses may or may not be structured in phylogeny, which argues that phylogenetically closest lines will respond in a similar manner. Moreover, given the different histories and evolutionary origins, lineages (e.g. families) may respond differently when compared to whole groups (e.g. orders). Thus, we aimed to understand if climatic variables and productivity gradient are able to explain the diversity of attributes of groups and families of birds and mammals in the American continent. In addition, we wanted to understand if these responses to environmental gradients had a phylogenetic signal. For this, we calculated the functional diversity for the group and bird and mammal and their families in Protected Areas of the American continent, and performed a multiple regression analysis between the values of diversity and variables of temperature, precipitation, seasonality and productivity gradient (for the classes and their respective families). Afterwards, we performed a variation partitioning analysis to understand the contribution of each variable to the values of functional diversity. We then performed a phylogenetic signal analysis on the slope values (beta) resulted from multiple regression analyzes. We found that productivity explained most of the values of functional diversity for the families of birds and mammals. In addition, the responses to the environmental gradient were quite different for the families when compared to the group as a whole. We also did not find a phylogenetic signal in the response of bird and mammal’s families. These results lead us to conclude that studying whole groups rather than finer taxonomic scales can mask different responses to ecological and evolutionary factors of community structuring, once lineages have different evolutionary histories and respond differently to environmental factors. Furthermore, our results show that lineages with similar environmental gradient responses are not necessarily related (evolutionary convergence) and, therefore, there is no evidence for niche conservation.