Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública
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Item Detecção de vírus gastroentéricos em mulheres em Goiânia-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-04-30) FERREIRA, Rui Gilberto; CARDOSO, Divina das Dôres de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9770835116155857The gastroenteric viruses are important etiological agents of gastroenteritis in individuals of all ages. It is believed that individuals with deficits in the immune system (humoral and/or cellular), among them pregnant women and human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women, are more susceptible to these viral infections. The rotaviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses, and caliciviruses constitute are among the main causes of acute gastroenteritis in the world, and are accounted for high morbi-mortality rates, especially among children under five years of age. It is believed that, by the age of three, approximately 90% of all children in developing countries have antibodies to one or more of these agents. Neonatal infection does not exclude the possibility of re-infection, with different viral serotypes, however it protects the individual against severe disease. This study aimed at the detection of rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus e calicivirus in women seeing at the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (HC-UFG) and at the investigation of as association between the positivity to this viruses and the low immune status, characteristic in pregnant women and/or HIV-seropositive women. This was a prospective follow-up study of women seeing at the Gynecology and obstetrics (OB-GYN) sector of the HC-UFG aiming at the detection of gastroenteric viruses (rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus e calicivirus). For this, fecal samples were collected from 84 women, in the period from July-2006 to June-2007. For rotavirus detection, fecal samples were screened by polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and by an immunoenzimatic assay (IEA). The calicivirus and astrovirus were detected by polymerase chain reaction post-reverse transcription (RT-PCR), and adenovirus detection was performed by an EIE. The astrovirus genotyping was conducted by Nested-PCR. Three-hundred and fourteen fecal samples were collected from a total of 84 women. From those 84 women, 29 were HIV-seropositive, 55 HIVseronegative, 45 were pregnant at the time, and 39 were not pregnant. The patients were aged between 16 and 67 years-old, and 47% of them had up to 30 years of age. From the total 84 patients, 19 (22.6%) were positive for calicivirus and/or astrovirus in at least one of the collected samples, as follows: calicivirus (14/19) and astrovírus (6/19), with the highest positivity rates being detected in the months of July and August (astrovirus) and September and October (calicivirus). None of the collected samples were positive for rotavirus or adenovirus. The association index between gastroenteric virus positivity and pregnancy, in the presence or not of HIV-seropositivity, was of 68.4% (13/19); however, there was no significant difference between the group of women that were not pregnant and the ones that were HIV-seronegative. The gastroenteric viruses were detected in a significant parcel (22.6%) of this population of adult women, and were represented by the caliciviruses (16.7%) and astroviruses (7.1%). Under the conditions of the present study, no association was found between pregnancy and/or positivity for HIV, as reducing factors for the immunological capacity of the women, and the detection of gastroenteric viruses; in conclusion, the pregnancy and/or HIV-seropositivity did not increase the chances of these women to be infected by these gastroenteric viruses.Item Caracterização dos genes de NSP4 e VP6 de amostras de rotavírus do grupo A provenientes de crianças da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-04-28) TAVARES, Talissa de Moraes; BRITO, Wilia Marta Elsner Diederichsen de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7605775995731168; CARDOSO, Divina das Dôres de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9770835116155857Group A rotaviruses are the major cause of gastroenteritis in children throughout the world. Epidemiological surveys and molecular analysis of rotavirus strains are required for gastroenteritis control and prevention. Studies using VP6, an important immunogenic structural protein, and NSP4, a transmembrane nonstructural glycoprotein which is critical to rotavirus morphogenesis and pathogenesis, have been performed. In this study, 330 rotavirus-positive fecal samples previously obtained from children with or without diarrhea, between 1987 and 2003, in three cities of Central West Region of Brazil (Goiânia, Brasília and Campo Grande), were characterized for VP6- and NSP4-encoding genes. The VP6 and NSP4 genes were amplified by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Detection rates of 84.8% and 78.5% were observed for VP6 and NSP4 genes, respectively. Two distinct genotypes could be recognized for NSP4 (A and B). It was observed that the G9P[6] samples were associated with genotype A, whereas the G1P[6], G1P[8], G2P[8], G3P[8], G4P[8] and G9P[8] samples were associated with genotype B. The analysis of VP6 gene allowed genogrouping of samples in two clusters, genogroups I and II. The G2P[4], G3P[4] and G9P[6] samples were identified as genogroup I, whereas the G1P[6], G1P[8], G2P[8], G4P[6], G4P[8] and G9P[8] samples were identified as genogroup II. In addition, it was showed that samples identified as VP6 genogroup I were associated with NSP4 genotype A and samples identified as VP6 genogroup II were associated with NSP4 genotype B. This investigation described different genetic groups representing diversity of group A rotavirus samples circulating in the Central West Region of Brazil.