Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais
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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais por Por Orientador "CASTRO, Selma Simões de"
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Item Processos erosivos lineares nas bacias dos Rios Claro e dos Bois, afluentes do Rio Araguaia no Estado de Goiás: relações com a cobertura vegetal e uso da terra(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-19) BARBALHO, Maria Gonçalves da Silva; CASTRO, Selma Simões de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4460827622247417The pattern of land use and occupation of the Cerrado associated with the expansion of the agricultural frontier, in the last 40 years, has been interpreted as causing environmental impacts observed him during this period, especially those related to intensive deforestation and indiscriminate use of areas with soils with low or null agricultural capability, although capable of extensive pastures. The Erosion processes have been described as the most significant, positioned after the remarkable loss of biodiversity, the most important and extensive in area. The present thesis analyzes the relationship between the land use valued at historical series started in the decade of 1975, agricultural suitability of land use pattern and the erosion and silting sites of the two combined basins for purposes of this study, called basins of the rivers Claro and Bois, tributaries of the upper Araguaia river in the state of Goiás. This area was considered in previous studies as the most affected by deforestation among the five sub-basins that make up the upper Araguaia river basin. The research was based an integrated analysis of the physical environment and biota components of the focus area, with base on remote sensing and GIS and pedotransfer criteria. The results are presented as scientific papers and reveal that the most intensive phase of deforestation occurred in the 1980s, when the Forest Formations were most penalized originally, followed by the Savanna Formations, that the conversion occurred in favor of extensive pastures, for which the area has good suitability soil and relief associates; that the numerous of linear erosion impacts, 395 linear erosion features placed in degraded pastures are concentrated in these areas, which predominate low discrepancies between suitability and actual use. As evidenced in the spatial analysis, it is confirmed the presence of 395 linear erosion features associated with degraded pastures. It is concluded that the area supports the pattern of initial occupation of the Cerrado by its conversion to pasture and that environmental impacts arising from the management of them more than this type of use.Item Caracterização física, estrutural e da diversidade floristica de fragmentos florestais na alta bacia do Rio Araguaia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-25) CABACINHA, Christian Dias; CASTRO, Selma Simões de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4460827622247417The upper Araguaia river basin region has been transformed by rapid and intensive human occupation processes that began in the 1970s, and now the landscape is highly fragmented. Remnant forests are surrounded by cotton and soybean plantations and pasture. They continue to be subjected to degradation and little is known about their ecological integrity. The objective of this research is increase knowledge of the remnant forest flora and provide support for public conservation and recovery policies for these remnant forests. This research consists of four chapters. The first chapter assessed fragmentation patterns under the assumption that intensive land occupation and agriculture compromised landscape structure and forest conservation in the basin. The second chapter assessed whether remnant forest tree size class structure differed from undegraded forests. The third chapter investigated whether forest remnants situated in close proximity to Emas National Park and incorporated into The Emas-Pantanal Biodiversity Corridor had higher species diversity than other remnants. The fourth chapter showed that species diversity was correlated with and vegetation indices obtained from satellite images, due to the indices sensitivity to changes in vegetation structure. These indices could be used in the future to highlight priority areas for conservation and in devising recovery policies. The major conclusions of this research are that the ecological integrity of remnant forests in the Upper Araguaia River Basin is compromised, predominantly due to lack of connectivity between the fragments and continuing exposure to degradation processes including tree felling and cattle grazing. Tree species diversity is high in these fragments, however, and species composition is dominated by small diameter early successional species. This research also established that vegetation indices obtained from satellite images, is a powerful tool in remnant forest species diversity modelling and can be used as a tool for environmental planning in areas under strong antropic pressure. This information is relevant to other degraded river basins in the Cerrado region. This research contributes to improved knowledge of the rich diversity of Brazilian forests and recognition that this diversity is threatened, particularly in the Upper Araguaia River basin, southwest of Goias State.Item Aproveitamento de filer de pedreiras da região metropolitana de Goiânia em pavimentos flexíveis urbanos [manuscrito]: avaliação técnica e sócio-ambiental(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-11-27) LUZ, Marta Pereira da; REZENDE, Lilian Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9258692609398794; CASTRO, Selma Simões de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4460827622247417The generation of industrial waste has been the object of increasing attention in the field of Science and Technology because of the problems which arise when it is stored and inadequately disposed of. This can have negative consequences for the worker, the company and for the neighboring population. In addition it can generate liabilities for the environment. Measures which internalize such liabilities for the productive system are necessary, but not sufficient to bring about large scale changes in what concerns the sustainable management of solid waste. Therefore, there is an urgent need for technical and participative solutions. Technical solutions would make it viable to reuse or reduce the generation of waste, while participative solutions would reduce the negative consequences for communities and bodies who directly or indirectly are part of this process. In this context, waste from the quarrying of crushed stone was studied in the metropolitan Region of Goiânia. Quarrying is an important source of resources for the economic development of the region but it is also a great generator of solid waste. The research began with the physical and chemical characterization of filler, which forms the greatest volume of solid waste, resulting from quarrying and focused on its general effects on health. It also evaluated how the workers in these companies relate to the environmental issue in this context in which they live. A survey with questions was distributed and from the answers it could be concluded that the profile of these workers is extremely lacking in information which would provide them with information to deal with legal aspects directly related to their activity. Furthermore, it could be seen that specific methodologies in Environmental Education are needed to attend to these cases. It was also detected that the accumulation of filler can be harmful to society in terms of health. This is because of its physical and chemical characteristics, and in particular its considerable concentration of silica. These facts justify the need to find a technical solution to reduce the quantity of this waste. Hence it was decided to test different blends of natural soil and filler, using laboratory tests based on soil mechanics, with a view to investigating the possibility of using filler in road pavement, as it absorbs enormous quantities of material in its constituent layers and has attracted the attention of researchers in an effort to find new alternative uses for the different types of industrial waste. At this phase, tests were carried out for characterization, CBR, dynamic triaxial tests, permeability, compressive strength using varied quantities of lateritic clay soil as filler. From the results of these tests it was possible to claim that proportions of 30% filler added to compacted soil with modified energy and 20% filler added to compacted soil with intermediate energy can be used for base and sub base purposes, respectively, in flexible urban pavements with light traffic. The result of the resilience module points to the need for prudence in the use of filler, as repeated loads of filler in the test showed that the samples which were most appropriate in the CBR Statistical Test can undergo processes leading to a loss of mechanical resistance. After deciding in the laboratory on the most appropriate proportions of soil-filler for use in pavements, an experimental track was built using this material. An analysis of its behavior was done using the following field tests: sand flagon test, speedy, dynamic cone penetration, loading plate and Benkelman beam. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained from a track built in the same location with soil-crushed rock and lateritic gravel, both considered conventional material. It could be concluded that the mechanical behavior of the experimental track built with soil-filler blends are adequate for the conditions established by the technical norm in force up until the moment they were monitored, since its mechanical behavior is comparable to that obtained when using conventional materials