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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais por Por Orientador "Faria, Karla Maria Silva de"
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Item Dendrogeomorfologia, erosão hídrica e uso do solo em uma área urbana do município de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-31) Nicolau, Ricardo de Faria; Momoli, Renata Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4153268939426905; Chagas, Matheus Peres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6833790612735262; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Momoli, Renata Santos; Chagas, Matheus Peres; Bovi, Renata Cristina; Silva, Marcos José dasoils, especially when it is inserted in urban environments. However, methods that have enough longevity to distinguish natural and accelerated erosion events are still poorly explored in the literature. In this context, dendrogeomorphology is an important methodology to date and estimate the magnitude of erosion and sedimentation processes, with high spatiotemporal precision. In this perspective, the objective of this work was to evaluate the intensity of the erosive processes in the Botanical Garden Amália Hermano Teixeira (JBAHT), using dendrogeomorphological indicators of the exposed roots wood and the rates of soil loss and annual sedimentation. The methodological procedures consisted of carrying out analyzes of the historical influence of use and occupation of the surrounding soils, the analysis of urban drainage and the texture and fertility of the soils. To determine the anthropic influence on the growth of individuals in the forest fragment of the Botanical Garden, two species were chosen, Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Schefflera morototoni. The analysis of the history of land occupation and use revealed intense changes in soil waterproofing from 1988 to 1992 and the analysis of the efficiency of the urban microgeneration system was characterized, predominantly as compromised, which allowed to infer association with the high rates of movement of land. soils in the forest fragment. The dendrochronological results indicated that the studied species showed high sensitivity to the external environment and formation of annual growth rings. Dendrogeomorphological analyzes revealed that the highest vertical rates of soil loss range from 7 to 500 millimeters per year, while horizontal losses are 110 to 665 millimeters. Sedimentation rates were 6.4 to 18.6 millimeters per year and the dates of root exposures are more frequent in the years 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2013. The chronological comparison of the probable years of occurrence of water erosion by the roots exposed with the intense and erosive rains determined that the dates of occurrence of the erosive processes occurred in the years 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2016. The individual erosive rains with more than 10 millimeters in interval of 15 minutes, correlated with the number of evidence of erosion, recorded by the exposed roots wood, showed a significant correlation with a 90% confidence level. Meanwhile, the erosive rainfall defined for tropical regions, greater than 25 mm.h-1, showed a relatively high correlation of 70%. Considering this, intense and erosive rains can have significant importance in carrying soil. As well as the texture of the soils that presented high sand content, above 50% in 65% of the samples. The analysis of soil fertility for the element Potassium (K +) showed values from 2 to 27 times above the normal level. These results indicate that the high levels of Potassium (K +) may be due to urbanization by transport through rainwater pipes or by disposal of chemical waste. It is concluded that, the anthropic waterproofing alterations, the high gradient of the relief associated with the frequent occurrence of intense rains may be affecting the appearance of the erosive processes. Soil water erosion affected the growth of the trees, such as, for example, the greater growth of the sampling groups of trees with exposed roots and buried in relation to the group of trees without changes in soil level.Item Aplicação da dendrocronologia na identificação de processos erosivos e incêndios florestais nos parques estaduais Altamiro de Moura Pacheco e João Leite, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-06-15) Oliveira, Thaynnara Borges; Momoli, Renata Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4153268939426905; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Chagas, Matheus PeresThe hydrographic basin of the Ribeirão João Leite (BHRJL) represents to the Goiás State an important sourceof water, responsible for supplying more than 50% of the population of the state capital, Goiânia, and contain two important conservation units of the Cerrado Biome. The overall objective of this paper was to evaluate the chronological evolution and impacts on vegetation caused by laminar erosion processes and/or linear and by forest fires in State Parks Altamiro de Moura Pacheco (PEAMP) and João Leite (PEJoL). The methodological procedures consisted in a multi-integrated assessment for the catchment area and the areas of the parks, being held for the basin: (1) the lifting of the physical attributes of the basin, (2) the morphopedologic Compatments, (3) The analysis of the susceptibility to laminar erosion and (4) Mapping of erosion of the basin, and in the area of the parks (including buffer zone): (5) sieve analysis of soil; (6) Mapping of fire risk to vegetation; (7) historical analysis of the occupation of the land use between 1985 and 2017; (8) analysis dendrogeomorfology and dendropirocronologia. The results indicated the presence of four compartments morfopedológicos, two were characterized as fragile by physical attributes natural; it was identified high susceptibility to the occurrence of laminar erosion processes and linear, confirmed by mapping of more than 3,000 erosions on BHRJL, being that the more critical areas coincide with the area where are the Conservation Units, which historically coexist with predominant use of pastures. The textural analysis of soil showed high content of the sand fraction, mainly fine sand and coarse sand in the soil inside the remainder in both dispersion in NaOH as the dispersion in water. This tendency occurs both in the horizon of the surface and the underlying horizons due to the profound transformation of quartz-rich rocks and poor in primary minerals converted into clay, compatible with the litology aluminoso Gnaisse, Metagranito And Quatzito. vThe mapping of fire risk indicates that the southern and southeastern portion of the remainder as critical areas for the event of a fire. The analysis of dendrocronológica 17 tree individuals of Cedar (Cedrela fissilis) And Copaíbas (Copaifera langsdorffii) indicated a high potential of these species in the area with a series with good index of intercorrelação (Cedar = 0,642; COPAIBA = 0,702). The analysis of dendropirocronologia indicated that the most powerful fires occurred in the decade of 1990, as the dendrogeomorfologia was not possible to correlate the time series with events longshore because was not observed inside of the parks erosion processes or traces of sedimentation, excepting the ravine near the highway and the ravine in inner raceway. In a general way the forest remnant requires greater supervision especially in high-risk areas the forest fire. The area of the park is an area of great fragility and excessive pisoteamento care should be taken to avoid that these processes to settle, because, the containment of same in sandy soil is quite costly and laborious.Item Dinâmica da estrutura da paisagem na microrregião do Vão do Paranã (GO)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-16) Ponciano, Tássia Andrielle; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Bueno, Guilherme TaitsonThe region of Vão do Paranã, inserted in the northeast (2000), is one of the three main centers of endemism in the Cerrado and goes through a process of fragmentation, which determines the ratings of potential and environmental vulnerabilities to promote appropriate policies of occupation. The study proposed here has as reference the integrated analysis of the landscape using the morphopedological compartments, to evaluate the dynamics of landscape structure in the microregion of Vão do Paranã. The methodology was based on the interpretation of Landsat images for temporal analysis (1984-2015) the use and soil coverage, with analysis of landscape structure through metrics and evaluation of morphopedological compartments. The results indicate that the characteristics associated morphopedological compartments the dynamics of occupation of the region respond by different forms of occupation of this area and the way it is structured the landscape in the region. Along the evolution of the use, the remaining vegetation concentrated in the eastern portion, coinciding with areas of emphasis more bustling, where currently the UC's; in the western portion, where the areas are more flat, there is a higher concentration of anthropic uses and high levels of fragmentation of the landscape. Although the agricultural expansion process has not yet strengthened in the region, the remaining areas were converted to 8.44% in anthropic areas, the pasture aptitude is present, however the agricultural areas have been growing exponentially in all compartments. The compartments favored, by relief, for anthropic occupation correspond to CMP I and III. The other compartments are indicated for the maintenance of environmental conservation.Item Análise geoecológica como subsídio ao planejamento ambiental da bacia hidrográficado rio Caldas-GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-03-05) Sousa, Ana Caroline Rodrigues Cassiano de; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Silva, Edson Vicente daThe landscapes of hydrographic basins in Cerrado of Goiás are the target of many transformations, often due to agriculture and pasture exploitation and due to the lack of the use planning of natural resources, which can cause environmental impacts as vegetation fragmentation and erosions, which motivate integrated and interdisciplinary studies, as that utilized in the theoretical and methodological approach of Landscape Geoecology. The Hydrographic Basin of Caldas River (BHRC) presents multiple uses and its main river is indicated as the future watercourse for the public supply of the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia. Therefore, this work aims to propose priority areas for environmental conservation of BHRC, to reduce the impacts of fragmentation and soil losses. The methodological procedures involved the surveying of the socio-environmental aspects; the cartography of Geoecological Unities (UGs) by superposition of hypsometry, slope, precipitation, geology, and pedology; the analysis of land occupation dynamics through MapBiomas 4.0 for the years of 1988, 2000 e 2018; the analysis of landscape metrics (CA, PLAND, NP, TCA, TCAI, TE e ENN-MN), validated by Principal Component Analysis; the mapping of erosion vulnerability, with weights and arithmetical standard between the themes; and the adoption of criteria to the proposition of priority areas: remanent areas since 1988, >100ha nearby APPs of water bodies, in UGs more significant and with patches more vulnerable to erosions. The BHRC was compartmentalized into six Relief Geoecological Unities (UGR), subdivided into 34 UGs, and pasture is the predominant class of use in the whole basin. In almost all the UGRs, parts of native vegetation were converted to agriculture and pasture, mainly in soft relief, the grassland area the most fragmented in size and isolation, followed by savannas and forestall, and central areas represents about 21%, 24%, and 45%, respectively; forest isolation and area reduction are considerable, in comparison to other regions of Cerrado. The medium erosion vulnerabilities are predominant since 2000 and the medium and high presents an increase mainly related to anthropogenic uses, which emphasizes the need for conservation to avoid and mitigate risks. Of the remanent fragments since 1988, 19 matched the adopted criteria and were suggested as priority areas to environmental conservation; is expected that this area would be used as aids in the conservation planning of biodiversity, hydric and edaphic protection in BHRC.