Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia da Relação Parasito-Hospedeiro
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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia da Relação Parasito-Hospedeiro por Por Orientador "André, Maria Cláudia Dantas Porfirio Borges"
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Item Staphylococcus aureus em tonsilas de pacientes com faringotonsilite aguda recorrente: prevalência, perfil de suscetibilidade e caracterização genotípica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-10-17) Cavalcanti, Veraluce Paolini; Braga, Carla Afonso da Silva Bitencourt; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7673897995590123; André, Maria Cláudia Dantas Porfirio Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1475834090578722; André, Maria Cláudia Dantas Porfirio Borges; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; Cardoso, Alessandra MarquesThe bacterial pharyngotonsillitis are infections of the upper airways that occurs predominantly in children and adolescents. Due to the composition of the oral microbiota is difficult to clarify the role of each organism in the etiology of the disease. The presence of bacteria that produce beta-lactamase interferes with the effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics, the most commonly drug used in treatment of these infections, promoting the recurrence of the disease. S. aureus is one of the most common pathogen in the etiology of tonsillitis and its relevance is due to the ability of antimicrobial resistance and persistence in the tissues of the tonsils. Tonsillectomy is indicated in cases of recurrent tonsillitis after several failures in the antibiotic terapy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in the tonsils of patients undergoing tonsillectomy, in a teaching hospital in Goiânia, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and the genetic characterization of isolates. Tonsils obtained from 123 patients were processed, the microorganisms identified and submitted to antibiogram by conventional techniques. The isolates that presented cefoxitin resistance were submitted to tests to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration - MIC for oxacillin and to detect the presence of the mecA gene. All isolates were subjected to PCR for detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene and to PFGE to determine the genetic similarity among them. It was identified 60 S. aureus isolates from 49 patients (39.8%). There were no significant difference in prevalence by sex and, the average age of male patients was lower (8.2 years) (p<0.001) than the female patients (15.3 years). Nine out 49 patients(18.4%) presented two or more different S. aureus isolates. The isolates presented resistance of 85.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%, 3.3%, 10.0%, 3.3%, 18.3% and 8.3% to penicillin, amoxicillin + ácido clavulânico, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, respectively. All isolates were sensitive to linezolid and rifampin. Six erythromycin-resistant isolates (10.0%) showed inducible resistance (MLSbi) to clindamycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Eight isolates (13.3%) were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials. Despite the resistance to cefoxitin be considered a marker of the presence of the mecA gene only in two resistant isolates it has been found, xv suggesting that the cefoxitin resistance should be mediated by other mechanisms, such as the overproduction of beta-lactamases. None of these isolates showed resistance to more than two classes of antimicrobials. Among the sixty S. aureus isolates, only carried the gene encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin. This isolate presented resistance to five classes of antimicrobials and phenotype D. PFGE analysis grouped 36 (60,0%) of 60 isolates in 10 clusters (>80% similarity), since no one specific clone was associated with colonization of the tonsils. It was observed different patients carrying S. aureus isolates genetically identical or with a high level of similarity (>80%), suggesting in these cases, a common origin. The high prevalence of S. aureus in tonsils suggests an ability to colonize the surface and/or the persistence in the tissues of the tonsils. The isolation of MDR bacteria can promote cross-resistance to other bacteria commonly associated with recurrent tonsillitis. The results point to change the paradigm of diagnosis and treatment of recurrent tonsillitis in order to enable the correct use of antimicrobials to reduce the recurrence which is the main cause of tonsillectomy.Item Staphylococcus aureus isolados da nasofaringe de crianças que frequentam creches no município de Goiânia-GO: prevalência de colonização, suscetibilidade antimicrobiana e fatores de virulência(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-15) Santana, Fernando Gomes Pereira; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0768752229180519; André, Maria Cláudia Dantas Porfirio Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1475834090578722; André, Maria Cláudia Dantas Porfirio Borges; Ternes, Yves Mauro Fernandes; Carneiro, Lilian CarlaStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most important human pathogens, accounting for infectious diseases that can range from simple infections to serious complications such as meningitis and sepsis, reaching tod eath. S. aureus naturally colonizes the human anterior nostril and has a high spreading power, which may be potentiated according to some external factors, such as the case of children attending day care centers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus colonization in children between 36 and 59 months, the profile of antimicrobial susceptibility and to detect virulence factors in the isolated bacteria. From October to December 2010, swabs of nasal secretion from children in 59 Municipal Centers of Early Childhood Education were collected in the city of Goiânia, Goiás The samples were sent to the Laboratory of Applied Bacteriology of Tropical Pathology and Public Health at the Federal University of Goias for processing. The isolation was performed by standardized methodology. The conventional PCR was used for detection of femA (identification of the species) and mecA and lukS-F genes (virulence factors). The susceptibility profile was determined by disk diffusion and Etest® method. In total, 1,135 swabs were collected. A prevalence of 30.7% (348 isolates) was achieved for S. aureus. Through the antimicrobial susceptibility test, isolates showed resistance to the following antimicrobials: penicillin (94.5%), quinupristin / dalfopristin (35.6%), erythromycin (34.1%), clindamycin (28.6%), sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim (9.9%), tetracycline (6.1%), ciprofloxacin (4.7%), cefoxitin (3.5%) and rifampicin (0.9%). The MLSb phenotype was detected em 93 isolates (27.1%). Among the 12 isolates resistant to cefoxitin, five (0.44%) presented the mecA gene, characterized as MRSA. The multidrug resistance profile was identified in 107 isolates (31.2%). Gene lukS-F was found in 26 isolates (7.5%). The results showed that the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA colonization in children at this age remain constant compared to previous studies. However, the multidrug resistance that was found in 1⁄4 of the isolates and the detection of the gene that encodes the PVL are cause for concern because represent difficulty of treatment, increased virulence and risk of dissemination in the community that the daycare environment provides.Item Prevalência e tipagem molecular de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital escola do município de Goiânia, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-09-30) Veloso, Jéssica De Oliveira; Cardoso, Juliana Lamaro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0768752229180519; André, Maria Cláudia Dantas Porfirio Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1475834090578722; André, Maria Cláudia Dantas Porfirio Borges; Souza, Lúcia Kioko Hasimoto e; Borges, Lizandra Ferreira de Almeida eStaphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen related to nosocomial infections, with high prevalence, morbidity and mortality rates. In this context, the Intensive Care Units (ICU) has been high-risk areas for the selection of multiresistant strains. The environment (objects, equipment and surfaces) of an ICU can also get contaminated, and microorganisms may remain viable for a long period of time, and can colonize patients, employees, visitors and other environments. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of S. aureus contamination in patients and ICU environment of a university hospital in the city of Goiânia-GO, as well as to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence profile of the isolates and perform molecular typing of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. The isolation and presumptive identification of S. aureus by phenotypic techniques and the confirmation of the species by detection of femA gene by PCR were performed. The isolates were subjected to diskdiffusion test for determining antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and those showing resistance to cefoxitin were subjected to E-Test® to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to oxacillin and vancomycin, as well as the mecA gene detection for identification of MRSA strains. In these isolates the SCCmec typing was performed. In all S. aureus isolates were detected virulence factors-coding genes and held the genetic comparison for determining the similarity profile by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Fifty hundred and thirty six swabs were collected being 134 of patients and 402 of ICU environment. The prevalence of colonization by S. aureus was 12.7% (68/536), being 13.4% (18/134) for patients and 12.4% (50/402) for the environment. The highest resistance rate presented was to penicillin (85.3%) followed by erythromycin (69.1%) clindamycin (66.2%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (54.4%). Fifty-six isolates (82.4%) were classified as multiresistant. The prevalence of MRSA was 20.6% (14/68), and seven isolates (10.3%) presented intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin (VISA). The inducible resistance phenotype (iMLSb) was found in 11 strains (16.2%) and the constitutive resistance (cMLSb) in 25 (36.8%). Eleven isolates showed genes encoding for at least one virulence factor and were detected six virulence profiles. Of the 14 MRSA strains, six (42.9%) were SCCmec type IV, five (35.7%) SCCmec type I, two (14.3%) SCCmec type II and one (7.1%) SCCmec type III. PFGE analysis showed genetic diversity among the isolates, although a cluster grouped 16 isolates showing the spread of the bacteria among patients and environment. One MRSA isolate showed genetic relationship to the USA300 strain and two isolates MRSA/VISA were similar and another identical to the clone USA400. The results suggest that the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA remains high in health institutions, especially in the ICU, with high rates of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenic potential. The detection of these microorganisms in the environment shows risk of cross-transmission primarily via health professionals. Identification of isolates with genetic background of strains acquired in the community alert to a flow of intra and inter- hospital and community environment. In addition, it is believed that environmental surfaces can be acting as reservoirs of genes of resistance and virulence as well as potential sources of contamination to patients, professionals and environments.