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Item Perfilhamento e valor nutritivo de pastagens de capins marandu e xaraés[BRACHIARIA BRIZANTHA (HOSCHST EX A. RICH.) STAPF.] sob manejo intermitente e doses de nitrogênio e potássio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-05) AMARAL, Alliny das Graças; CARNEVALLI, Roberta Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6658650497110299; FRANCA, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327The pastures are formed by a population of plants and each plant is formed by basic units called tillers. Management practices allow the knowledge of the processes of tillering. The nutritional value of pasture is determined by chemical composition of the plant and its digestibility may be affected by nutrient supply, the station year and the grazing management. An experiment was conducted at Embrapa Rice and Beans-Midwest Center for Dairy Research, in order to evaluate the tillering and nutritive value of grasses and Marandu Xaraés fertilized with nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg / ha / year), from December 2007 to May 2008. The experiment was complete block design with three replications. Data Tiller were grouped in four seasons during the trial period for the variable tiller density (DPP) and three times for other variables (TAP, TSP, and TMP IEP). The evaluation of tillering was held in an area demarcated by tillers known. From the initial population, each grazing were identified new populations of tillers, marked with different colored wires. For the value data nutrition were evaluated in the dry season and water. The collection of samples was performed by simulated grazing were analyzed and the CP, NDF, ADF, lignin and IVDMD. In the review of DPP, there were dose effect (P = 0.0510) and age (P <0.0001), and after the grazing periods, the DPP is stabilized. No differences were found between seasons for the rate of tillers (TAP) to treat 300 kg of N and K / ha / year. In rainy season, the mortality rate of tillers (TMP) were lower the dose of 300 kg N and K / ha / year. The survival rate of tillers (TSP) was higher in water at a dose of 300 kg N and K / ha / year and 200 kg of N and K / ha / year, not different from the other doses. The stability index of tillers (IEP) remained above 1.0 in all treatments and times. For capimxaraés, the linear increase in fertilizer levels stimulated tillering with the increase in DPP to 300 kg of N and K / ha / year. Waters, the dose of 100 kg of N and K / ha / year showed higher TAP. The other doses and times not differed. In the waters between 0 and 100 kg of N and K / ha / year yielded the highest TMP. However, the dose of 100 kg of N and K / ha / year did not vary from 200 kg N and K / ha / year, with intermediate values. At a dose of 300 kg of N and K / ha / year were observed the lowest TMP. It was observed that the pastures fertilized 300 kg of N and K / ha / year had the highest TSP in relation to too, for the waters. The highest values were found in the TSP dry seasons. The stability index of tillers (IEP) remained above 1.0 in all treatments and times. At a dose of 300 kg of N and K / ha / year was observed the highest TSP during the rainy season, although the highest values have been in the dry season. The NDF, ADF and lignin were not influenced by fertilization, but the ADF (33.40 and 31.20% respectively) and lignin (3.93% and 2.97, respectively) were higher in the rainy season. The average CP of pastures were not affected by fertilization, except for CP content pastures fertilized with 200 kg N and K / ha / year was higher (P = 0.0353) during the rainy season. The concentration of NDF pastures fertilized with N were 7.7 and 7.1% lower (P = 0.0368) than Unfertilized, in times of rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The levels Average ADF were not affected by fertilization, but the average content FDA pastures in the rainy season was lower (P = 0.0933) than during the drought. The average content of lignin pastures fertilized with 200 kg of N and K / ha / year was higher (P = 0.0547) than in pastures fertilized with 100 N and K / ha / year (2.27 and 3.86% respectively). The average IVDMD of pasture was higher Unfertilized (P = 0.0476) than that of pastures fertilized with 200 kg of N and K / ha / year, and in rainy season, the IVDMD of pasture was not fertilized greater than that of fertilized pastures. In the pastures fertilized with 300 kg of N and K / ha / year, IVDMD in the rainy season was higher (P = 0.0155) than in the dry season. Pastures xaraés unfertilized grass are prone to susceptibility degradation in the short term and it is recommended fertilization rates above 200 kg N and K / ha / year. Grazing management based on light interception proved valid for pastures that receive manure. Pastures are fertilized more stable compared to the dynamics of tillering. There was no variation IVDMD significantly due to fertilization rates and periods studied with always harvested forage in the same physiological maturity. When the pasture was managed based on IL fertilization affected only the CP. Fertilization did not affect the nutritional value of grass xaraés subjected to grazing management IL-based.Item Caracterização microbiana e rendimentos de corte em carcaças resfriadas oriundas de frangos criados em dois sistemas de produção e comercializados no município de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-07-02) ARRUDA, Michel Blezins de; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158The aim of this work is to research the presence of bacteria of genus Salmonella on carcasses of broiler chickens reared under alternative and industrial. Furthermore, to characterize aspects of marketing and carcass quality. Were collected 160 chicken carcasses available for sale in supermarkets and markets of Goiania. Of these, 80 were carcasses of chicken raised in the traditional system and the remainder in alternative system. Each carcass provided two samples, one by rinsing and another 25g of minced skin, which were enriched in broth suitable for this purpose and grown in culture media also specific and recommended for Salmonella. Through biochemical tests bacteria of interest were identified. The carcass quality was evaluated by weighing the commercial cuts breast fillet without skin, thigh + drumstick, wings and back, and related the proportions of each in the total weight of the carcass. The marketing aspects were evaluated by applying a questionnaire to traders of the alternative chicken sold in fairs with information the method of sale and production of the animal. Two samples were found positive for Salmonella in batches of alternative chicken whereas in conventional bacteria were not found in any sample. The proportions of the breasts were higher in the conventional system, 28%, while the conventional average was 20%. In the remaining parts studied the differences were smaller. Birds raised in the alternative system had the following results: thigh + drumstick remained at 31%, 14% with the wing and back to 35%. In the conventional system in the same order as the results were: 29%, 11% and 33%. It was concluded that the chicken had higher alternative rate of contamination with Salmonella, the lower breast yield and the carcasses sold in open-air markets, production has been characterized as rudimentary.Item Produção e composição bromatológica de cultivares de milheto forrageiro sob alturas de crescimento e residual(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-22) BASTO, Débora de Carvalho; FRANCA, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0724478254270327The best height of forage at time of entry into pasture and the height of forage millet residue for grazing are still controversial. This experiment was conducted at the Department of Animal Production of the Veterinary School, of Federal University of Goias, in Goiania-GO, from January to May 2009, and aimed to evaluate the productive potential and the chemical composition of three cultivars of forage millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR.) under different heights of entry and of the stubble. The 27 treatments consisted of the combinations of three varieties of millet - ADR 500, H733/07 and H729/07, allocated in plots, three heights at entry (0.50, 0.60 and 0.70 m) and three heights of stubble (zero, 0.10 and 0.30 m) allocated in sub-plots with four replications, totaling 108 experimental units. A randomized complete block design, with split plots andfour replications in a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement was used. Green matter total yield (GMTY), dry matter total yield (DMTY), average production of dry matter per cutting, production of dry matter of stubble with zero, 0.10 and 0.30 m, average rate of forage accumulation, and rate of forage accumulation of stubble "zero" 0.10 and 0.30 m were determined. The contents of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were also determined. Green matter total yield (GMTY) differed depending on the height at entry (HE) and height of stubble, with average values of 25.2: 28.0 t ha-1 and 28.5 and 20.4; 30.6 and 30.7 t ha-1, estimated for the HE and stubble, respectively. The dry matter production increased in the extent that the height at entry and the height of the stubble increased. The average production of dry matter per cutting for the cultivars was approximately 2840 kg ha-1/DM. The average accumulation of forage millet was 61.74, 58.29 and 63.59 kg ha-1/DM for cultivars ADR-500, ADR-500 hp, 729 and 733, respectively. Regarding chemical composition, the dry matter content did not differ among the cultivars evaluated. The CP did not differ in function of the cultivars and HE. The residue of 0.10 and 0.30 m, interactions among cultivar x HE x cutting, averaging 14.0% of CP were observed. The NDF had triple interaction: cultivar x HE x cutting in the stubbles of 0.10 and 0.30 m, with average values of 57.6, 58.6 and 57.7%, and 58.4, 61, 6 and 57.7%, respectively. ADF differed in relation to the cultivars, with values of: ADR-500-35- 5, 729 - 37.6 and 733 - 37.9%. As for the residue of 0.10 m, there was an interaction in relation to HE x cutting, with values of 30.0, 31.7 and 25.8% for the HE of 0.50, 0.60 and 0.70 m. As for the residue of 0.30 m triple interactions were observed: HE x cultivar x cutting, with average rates of (ADR-500) - 31.7%, (729) - 32.0%, and (733) - 32.7%, respectively. Based on the values of dry matter and chemical composition, all cultivars showed potential for use in animal feed.Item Estratégia alimentar e densidade de estocagem para acarádisco (Symphysodon aequifasciata)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-05-29) BEERLI, Eduardo Lopes; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; SILVA, Paulo César; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4162443606090063Four diets were tested to verify the effect of beef heart as feed enhancer for discus fish, studding the growth, weight gain, survivor, consumption, water quality and economic performance variables. Is was utilized 12 aquariums, distributed in 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were: T1- 100% ration (42%PB); T2- 75% ration and 25% beef heart; T3- 50% ration and 50% beef heart and T4- 25% ration and 75% beef heart. The diets were feed until fish s satiation, twice by day, at 8:00h and 17:00h. After each feed time, 40% of water was changed. Each aquarium contained 20 fishes, totalizing 240 discus fishes. The following water quality parameters were available: pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and ammonia. There wasn`t effect of treatments on survivor. The dry matter consumption was higher in 50% and 75% of beef heart diets, and better growth and weight gain were obtained, but 50% of beef heart were at a low price, and were considered the best diet. The relative condition factor (Kn) analysis indicate better body condition of fishes according beef heart was higher in tested diets. The economic performance shows that 75% of beef heart obtain lower cost index, but 50% of beef heart obtain higher partial liquid income. However beef heart diets turn water cloudy, the analyzed water quality parameters keep suitable for fishes. The conclusion is that beef heart is efficient as feed enhancer for discus fish and that 50% of beef heart with 50% of ration provide better performance and higher economic gain.Item Avaliação ovariana de novilhas girolando submetidas ao protocolo ovsynch em duas estações do ano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-26) BILEGO, Ubirajara Oliveira; ORSINE, Geisa Fleury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7281706358384718; PADUA, João Teodoro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0308044304591375; MEIRINHOS, Maria Lúcia Gambarini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701The aim of this study was to describe the physiological responses to the Ovsynch protocol in Girolando heifers breeding in extensive model on Centro-Oeste of Brazil region and to determine relationships with environments factors in two stations, dry and rain. This responses were describe through the characterization of ovarian structures how: (NTL) total number of follicles; (DFOLIPR) mean of follicular diameter on protocol s begin; (DFOLOV) ovulatory diameter follicles; (DCL) corpus luteum ovulatory diameter; (SCL) ovulatory corpus luteum brightness score; pregnancy rates and ovulation rate on day 9 obtained in two year stations. Were utilized 40 heifers 18-24 months age, split in two groups of 20 animals being G1 group of dry station and G2 group of rain station. During the evaluations were found differences for the total number of follicles 8,07±0,25 e 8,83±0,26 in two stations applied. The mean of follicular diameter on protocol s begin was not show differences, but the measure of the ovulatory follicle diameter, have differences for the year stations (P<0,01), being the diameter for the dry station 11,88 ± 0,4mm whereas the rain station was 10,13 ± 0,36mm. Have in this study, higher frequency of follicles that ovulate with 11 to 12 mm on dry station and 10 to 11mm on rain station. The mean of the corpus luteum diameter on the present study not differ among the stations (P>0,05), with10,46±0,41mm for the dry station and 10,49±0,34mm for the rain station, being the higher frequency of CL 11 to 12mm in both stages. The CL brightness score not have differ(P>0,05), being 2,6 ± 0,16 for the dry and 2,31 ± 0,11 for the rain. The pregnancy rate have differences on two stages (P<0,01) with values 45% and 11% on station dry and rain respectively. The THI values differ among the stations dry and rain (P<0,01). The ovulation rate on D9 do not differ (P>0,05) although to have numeric differences. It was possible to conclude that in two stations evaluated, dry and rain, have differences on follicular morfometry and pregnancy rates.Item Valor nutritivo do glicerol e comportamento ingestivo de vacas leiteiras periparturientes(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-12-06) CARVALHO, Eduardo Rodrigues de; LIMA, Milton Luiz Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7562710128026687; FERNANDES, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259The expansion of the biofuel industry has generated increased availability of glycerol, which can be used as an ingredient in the ration of dairy cows. This study aimed to determine the effects of glycerol on DMI, milk production, production of SCFA in the rumen, blood parameters, selective consumption and feeding behavior of dairy cows periparturientes. Twenty-six multiparous Holstein cows were paired according to performance in the previous lactation and expected date of calving and fed diets containing glycerol or high moisture corn from -28 to +56 DRDP. Glycerol was included in 11.5 and 10.8% of total DM in the diet pre-and post-partum respectively. CMS has not changed (P> 0.05) by feeding with glycerol both pre-partum (14.9 vs. 14.6 kg / day, vs control. glycerol) and the post-partum (19.8 vs. 20.7 kg / day, vs control. Glycerol), as well as production (35.8 vs. 37 kg / day, vs control. glycerol) and milk composition did not differ (P> 0.05) between treatments. The concentration of blood glucose was reduced (P <0.05, vs 59.1. 53.4 mg / dL vs control. glycerol) and ABHB blood was elevated (P <0.05, 0.58 vs. 0.82 mmol / L vs control. glycerol) in cows fed glycerol during pre-partum. The concentration of NEFA in the blood did not differ (P> 0.05) between experimental groups in the pre-partum, and no effect (P> 0.05) on the glycerol blood parameters during the postpartum period. The total concentration of SCFA in rumen (mmol / L) did not differ (P> 0.05) between treatments, but increased (P <0.05) in the molar proportion of propionate (22.7 vs. 28.6% vs control. Glycerol) and butyrate (11.5 vs. 15.3% vs control. glycerol) and reduced (P <0.05) in proportion molar acetate (61.5 vs. 51.5% vs control. glycerol) in cows fed with glycerol. In relation to the selective consumption and ingestive behavior, there increase (P <0.05) the rate of DMI (94.2 vs. MS 144.4 g / h vs. control. glycerol) and preferential consumption (9.2 vs. 17.8% vs control. glycerol) long particle with glycerol in the diet, but decreased (P <0.05) the rate of CMS short particles (383.8 vs. MS 332.5 g / h vs. control. glycerol) and very short (173.9 vs. MS 129.8 g / h vs. control. Glycerol) and increased (P <0.05) in rejecting short particles (42 vs. 37.3% vs control. glycerol) and very short (17.9 vs. 13.6% vs control. glycerol) during pre-partum. No effect (P> 0.05) of treatments on the selective use of particles of the diet in the postpartum period and also on the feeding behavior throughout the experimental period. The data obtained in this study indicated that replacing corn wet grain by glycerol in diets for dairy cows was periparturientes satisfactory.Item Análise multivariada de características que influenciam a tolerância ao calor em equinos, ovinos e bovinos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-27) CASTANHEIRA, Marlos; FIORAVANTI, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; PIMENTEL, Concepta Margaret Mcmanus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6052239712915301Heat stress is a limiting factor in animal production in the tropics. The physical, physiological and hematological are often used to evaluate the adaptation of animals to heat. The objective was to perform multivariate analysis of physiological characteristic "tolerance to heat, horses, sheep and cattle in the Federal District, to determine whether measured characteristics were able to separate groups of animals and determine the most important variables in differentiating groups in the adaptation of animal heat. A total of 40 horses, 50 sheep and 90 cattle, all adults. The quantitative characters were subjected to multivariate statistical tests of cluster analysis and canonical discriminant. Analyses were performed in the Statistical Analysis System - SAS ® procedures using cluster stepdisc, cancorr and discrim. The dendrogram was able to separate and demonstrate the genetic distance between groups of animals analyzed. The canonical analysis separated the individuals into groups. The discriminant analysis identified the variables that are most important in adapting these to the heat in the Federal District, the conditions were in the polls.Item Identificação e multiplicação de material genético com maior potencial para maciez de carne em bovinos da raça nelore mocho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-03-01) CASTRO, Letícia Mendes de; FARIA, Carina Ubirajara de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1450477933076941; GONZALEZ, Roberto Daniel Sainz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7128624824011246; MAGNABOSCO, Claudio de Ulhoa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187One of the features that detract Brazilian s beef quality is the lack of tenderness, and that happens because most of their meat comes from Bos indicus animals, known to be less tender than Bos taurus beef. This study was carried out to identify individuals which have higher probabilities to carry meat tenderness genes, as well as mating the progenitors to produce an experimental population to phenotype meat tenderness. The purpose of this study was to analyze the interrelationships among the variables and also to estimate the genetic correlations between meat tenderness feature (WBSF), and growth (PI, PF and GPD) and carcass (EG, P8 and AOL) features. The data were from Guaporé Agropecuária s OB Choice Program. Factor analysis and canonical correlations were used to analyze the phenotypic relationships. The covariance components and genetic parameters were estimated using Gibbs Sampling method. The heritability estimated for shear force trait was of a low magnitude (0.11). Thus, based on the principle of identical genes probability by ancestry to identify individuals which have higher probabilities to carry meat tenderness genes, two segregating populations were formed. A lack of phenotypical correlations between the WBSF trait and the other measured productive traits was also observed. The genetic correlations between WBSF and the other evaluated traits were of a low magnitude, with values of -0.15; -0.18; -0.13; 0.10; -0.12 and 0.18, between WBSF and PI, PF, GPD, EG, P8 and AOL, respectively. The results of this study support the conclusion that tenderness selection will not affect the selection of other economic traits and vice-versa. For a better knowledge of the genetic relationships between WBSF and other traits for Polled Nellore breed more studies are required.Item FRANGOS DE CORTE DE CRESCIMENTO LENTO E RÁPIDO, ORIUNDOS DE OVOS INOCULADOS COM PROBIÓTICO, SUBMETIDOS A DESAFIO DE SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS E JEJUM APÓS A ECLOSÃO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-31) CHAVES, Leandro da Silva; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance, development of digestives organs and recovered of Salmonella Enteritidis in chicks of different genetics lineages inoculated with probiotic using the technique of in ovo injection. The challenge with Salmonella spp and the feed fasting were promoted in chick s moments after the hatch. The birds ISA Label, Hubbard and Cobb were used in the experiments and the probiotic inoculated was based in multiple microorganism s culture. The experiments were designing in experimental random blocks with factorial arrangement 2x2x2 (probiotic X salmonella challenge X genetic lines). In both experiments the eggs were inoculated by in ovo injection at 19 days of incubation with probiotic and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis in first day of age. In second experiment, the Cobb lineage birds were submitted to fasting of water and feed for 30 hours. The data were analyzed by variance analyses and Tukey test. The results showed that was no reduction of Salmonella colonization in digestive tract of chicks inoculated with probiotic. The inoculation of probiotic did not improve the performance of the chicks. Lower index of Salmonella were observed in older birds. In second experiment the fasting affected negatively the performance of the birds and the birds submitted to fasting were more susceptible to Salmonella EnteritidisItem Enzimas fibrolíticas de Humicola grisea [manuscrito]: produção, caracterização e seus efeitos sobre a digestibilidade in vitro do capim Marandu, casquinha de soja, feno de Tifton 85 e forragem de milho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-04-03) CYSNEIROS, Cristine dos Santos Settimi; FERREIRA, Reginaldo Nassar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2555785079833283; ULHOA, Cirano Jose; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368469162867277The objective of this work was to produce and characterize four multi enzyme complexes from the fungus Humicola grisea var. thermoidea, maintained for 96 hours at 42oC in growth media containing different carbon sources: Marandu grass; soybean seedcoats; Tifton 85 hay; and corn forage. Different amounts of cellulase, xylanase and -glucosidase enzymes were obtained depending on the different carbon sources. Cellulase presented increased activity in temperatures between 40ºC and 50ºC. The observed optimum temperature range for xylanase and β-glycosidase was from 50ºC and 60ºC. Optimum pH for cellulase activity was 6.0 when fungus growth occurred in Tifton hay, corn forage, and soybean seedcoats. When the enzyme was obtained from medium containing Marandu grass, optimum enzyme activity occurred at pH 5.5. Regardless of the carbon source, xylanase activity was higher at pH 6.0. As for β-glucosidase, optimum activity was observed at pH 5.5 for Tifton media as compared to pH 6.5 for corn and soybean containing media. For grass Marandu, the activity of the enzyme was maximum in the range 5.5 to 6.5. Cellulase produced from all growth media were maintained stable after incubation for 60 minutes at 39°C. Xylanase presented thermal stability during 240 minute incubation period at 50°C. Activity stability of β-glycosidase varied according to carbon source and presented 66.7 to 125.75% activity at 50°C for 240 minutes.Item Adição de água em rações para suínos em crescimento e terminação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-05-21) FARIAS, Leonardo Atta; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; SILVA, Paulo César; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4162443606090063; NUNES, Romão da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4335133347523404In this research, three experiments were conducted. The first and the second ones were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding water to mash rations on nutrient digestibility, energy performance, water intake and excrement quality of pigs at the growing and finishing phases(the evaluation of carcass traits was performed), respectively. Finally, a last experiment was carried out to evaluate the proliferation of fungi in the diets of finishing pigs with different levels of water addition and at different storage times. The variables analyzed in the first two experiments were nutrients and energy digestibility and metabolism, nitrogen balance, moisture rate, fecal nitrogen and phosphorus, and performance variables. For the second trial, the carcass traits were also evaluated after slaughtering. In the third experiment, the number of fungal colony-forming units in the diets was evaluated with and without the use of antifungal and at different storage times. The addition of water to pig diets at growing-finishing phases does not influence the apparent nutrient digestibility, or the performance of the animals when they are fed twice a day. There is a reduction of fresh water intake, and of phosphorus excretion. Carcass composition was not affected. The addition of water to the diets of pigs in the finishing phase increases the production of fungi over storage time.Item Histomorfometria testicular e sua associação com a qualidade seminal em machos nelore(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-12-21) FERRAZ, Henrique Trevizoli; VIU, Marco Antônio de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7829414158162743; PÔRTO, Regiani Nascimento Gagno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6367040339353532; OLIVEIRA FILHO, Benedito Dias de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6171669841505540Item EFEITO DA ESTRUTURA DOS DADOS SOBRE AS ESTIMATIVAS DE (CO)VARIÂNCIAS DE PESO À DESMAMA EM BOVINOS DE CORTE, USANDO DADOS SIMULADOS(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-27) FERREIRA, Jorge Luís; BORJAS, Arcadio de Los Reyes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1168660493778765The objective was to evaluate the effects of the year (sample size, genealogy and data structure), mother-offspring link proportion (mother-offspring pairs, both with weaning weights), inclusion (M2) or not (M1) of the genetic direct-maternal covariance in the model, the direct-maternal correlation (C) magnitude and the direct and maternal genetic variance ratio (R) on the (co)variance estimates on weaning weight of beef cattle. The effects of the correlation (C) and variance ratio (R) were significant on the estimate of direct genetic variance ( ) (P<0,05, P<0,001, respectively), maternal genetic variance ( ) (P<0,001) and direct-maternal genetic covariance ( ) (P<0,001). The year influenced significantly (P<0,01) the estimates of and was not significant on and . The effect of the mother-offspring link proportion (E) was significant (P<0,0001) on the estimate of , , , and , being not significant on . In the model with zero direct-maternal covariance, and were underestimated when the direct-maternal correlation was negative, and overestimated when it was positive. Accurate and precise estimates of genetic variances and covariances of traits under maternal effect deserve detailed study and intensified, since these estimates may be influenced by the nature and composition of data, direct-maternal genetic correlation model used and applied. However, these facts may contribute to mistaken conclusions that are not referenced. These results are indicatives of the potential reliability and accuracy of the estimates on real data, although it is known that its magnitudes may differ, due to additional bias, like inherent errors of data gathering process and information flow from the herds.Item Desenvolvimento de embriões e pintos de corte provenientes de ovos de diferentes pesos e idades de matriz e níveis de aminoácidos sulfurados na fase póseclosão(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-01) FERREIRA, Lídia Lopes; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289Aiming to evaluate the effects of broiler breeder´s age and egg weight on the performance, two experiments were conducted using increasing levels of sulfur amino acids. For each experiment, 320 chicks from a commercial hatchery were used. The experimental design was randomized blocks due to the sex of chicks in a 2x4 factorial arrangement. The chicks´ performance was evaluated according to the breeders age and the egg weight combined with high levels of methionine and digestible cystine in the pre-starter ration (0.810, 0.910, 1.010 and 1.110%), in a total of eight experimental groups and four replicates of 10 birds each, The eggs were separated, weighed and distributed in a stroller in a commercial incubator, with constant temperature at 37.8 ºC and humidity between 60 and 65%. Chicks from old and new breeders and two different egg weights were submitted to necropsy, biometry of the intestinal tract (GIT) organs, and intestinal histomorphometry were performed. Blood was collected for glucose analysis at 19 days of embryo, and after hatching, at seven and 14 days of life. The rest of the chicks were submitted to a metabolism trial at four and seven days of age, by the method of excreta collection and the nitrogen balance was determined (g). Other autopsies were carried out at seven and 14 days of life with the performance of the same analyses previously described. The broilers performance was not evaluated up to 21 days of life. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and polynomial regression for the levels of sulfur amino acids according to SAS (2004). A higher initial development was observed in young breeders for both biometry of digestive organs and intestine histomorphometry .This development is more evident in chicks of older breeders. The differences found in the experiment with different egg weights show a better development of embryos and chicks for eggs weighing 70 g. Chicks from 70-g-eggs and 45-week-old breeders were heavier. Average levels of 0.910% and 1.010% of methionine + digestible cystine in the pre-starter ration resulted in performance and nutrient retention more suitable for broiler chicks in both experiments. Based on feed conversion, we suggest the minimum recommendation of 0.810%.Item Avaliação de programas nutricionais com a utilização de enzimas em rações de frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-01-09) FORTES, Bruno Duarte Alves; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158The experiment was conducted to evaluate different programs Nutritional supplementation of carbohydrases and phytase enzymes) in broiler diets on performance and carcass yield. We used the test in 2016 male chicks a day, Cobb-500 distributed in 32 boxes of 2.10 m x 2.50 m. We used a randomized complete block design with two blocks (sheds), four treatments, four replicates and 63 birds per plot. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal. The treatments were: T1) Nutritional program Cobb, T2) 4% reduction in metabolizable energy (ME), 3% crude protein (CP) and 10% of the recommendations of the amino acids of T1, T3) reformulated Diet isonutriente to T1 with 200 g / t carbohydrases ( beta-glucanase, xylanase, alpha-galactosidase and Galactomannanase) + 50 g / t phytase, T4) reformulated Diet isonutriente to T2 with 200 g / t carbohydrases (beta-glucanase, xylanase, alpha-galactosidase and Galactomannanase) + 50 g / t phytase. There were no differences on the feed phase integral (1-42dias) created for the different treatments. However, feed intake and weight gain were affected (P <0.05), where the treatments supplemented with enzymes had higher feed intake than the treatments without enzyme supplementation is consistent with the weight gain in the treatments 3 and 4 showed weight gains higher than treatments 1 and 2. It is concluded that the use of carbohydrases associated with inclusion of phytase was effective to elevate the metabolizable energy of diets based on corn and soybean meal, and that the addition of enzymes in the diet of the birds led to an increase in food consumption of 5 , 18%, and improved weight gain of 4.39% and did not affect carcass characteristicsItem DESEMPENHO DE BOVINOS MESTIÇOS LEITEIROS ALIMENTADOS COM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE CONCENTRADO NA RECRIA E TERMINAÇÃO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-07-30) FREITAS NETO, Marcondes Dias de; RESTLE, João; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7559938697233077; FERNANDES, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the feedlot performance of steers with dairy origin, which during the growing phase were supplemented on pasture with two levels of concentrate (high=1% or medium=0,5% BW), and that during finishing were submitted to two concentrate levels (high=80% or medium=50%), resulting into four feedlot treatments, THH, THM, TMH and TMM. Steers from treatments that received higher supplementation level during growth,, were heavier at beginning and stayed less time in feedlot to reached slaughter weight. Average daily dry matter intake (DMI) for TAA was higher than for TMM animals, both not differing from TAM and TMA. DMI expressed as percentage of weight, average daily weight gain and feed conversion were similar among treatments. Animals supplemented with 1% during growing phase showed higher (p<.05) initial thoracic perimeter and lower gain of this measure during feedlot, resulting no difference among treatments at the end. Animals that received lower level of supplement during growing phase had lower rump height at the beginning and showed higher gain for this measure during feedlot. Final rump height was higher (p<.05) for TAM and TMM animalsItem Granulometria de grãos em rações para frangos Label Rouge(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-12-22) GODOY, Heloisa Baleroni Rodrigues de; MASCARENHAS, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; RODRIGUES, Kênia Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5180233397332953; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289To determine the nutritional value of corn, millet and sorghum in different sizes for broiler chickens, Label Rouge, animal performance and development of the digestive organs, experiments were performed in the areas of Poultry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG) and the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT). We evaluated the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AME) in the dry and natural, the coefficients metabolism of nutrients, animal performance up to 28 days and the biometrics of the digestive organs of broiler type rustic Red Label line with diets based on corn, millet and sorghum in different sizes For the determination of AME and AME of grains, we used the method of excreta collection of chickens 14 days old were distributed in a completely randomized in two experimental trials, using 60% reference diet and 40% of food test. The AME values of dry matter of coarsely ground corn, finely ground corn, millet grain, finely ground millet, sorghum grain, sorghum grain sorghum thick and finely ground, were 3530, 3445, 3617, 3586, 3295, 3156 and 3024 kcal / kg, respectively and the values of the AME 3273, 3200, 3352, 3372, 3137, 3147 and 2.967kcal/kg natural matter, respectively. The coefficient of metabolism of nutrients improved with increased particle size, except for sorghum integer that showed the worst. The metabolizable energy was higher for sorghum grain and did not change for maize and millet for broilers Label Rouge. For the performance parameters, we used 300 animals during the early stage of development (1 to 28 days) in a completely randomized design and for morphometric measurements so sacrificed at 28 days, one animal per repetition, totaling 30 animals. Except for finely ground corn that showed the worst performance results, all other treatments were satisfactory, with millet grain made the best economic feasibility of its use. The rations provided in different sizes, showed that particle size influenced the consumption, the balance of dry matter and nitrogen and the coefficient of metabolism of nutrients and energy from seven to ten days of maize and sorghum and improved the AME values of millet. 17 to 24 days old animals fed grain sorghum had greater retention of dry matter and nitrogen. It is recommended that the pearl millet grain for chickens like hillbilly Label Rouge until 28 days old, as the treatments used showed little effect of particle size on performance and organ development and grain millet showed the best economic indicators proved to be a grain that can be delivered worldwide from day-old chicks for Label RougeItem EFEITOS DA INCLUSÃO DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS INSATURADOS NO SUPLEMENTO DE VACAS PRIMÍPARAS ZEBUÍNAS SOBRE O DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO E REPRODUTIVO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-26) GODOY, Marcelo Marcondes de; PADUA, João Teodoro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0308044304591375Were used primiparous cows, zebuine, calved than received in the postpartum period, low intake isoenergetic supplements, in pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, with twenty cows per treatment in a randomized design, where FA: the low intake supplement (LIS) with inclusion of protected fat, CO: LIS with the inclusion of meal corn and MS: only mineral supplement. Evaluated the body weight of cows (BW) of calves (BWC) and body condition score (BCS) of cows inthe postpartum period, at every 28 days, effect of sex of calf in the BW medium (BWm) and in the BCS medium (BCSm) of cows, the average daily weight gain of cows (ADWG) and calves (ADWGC) and pregnancy rate (PR). The supplementation increased the BW of the cows in FA and CO without difference between them (P> 0.05), already the MI did not differ from SM de108 to 136 days postpartum (P> 0.05). The BWC of FA and CO did not differ (P> 0.05) among them and were higher (P <0.05) than the MS 108 until 192 days postpartum, and heavier at weaning. The cows of FA had BCS higher (P <0.05) than the other treatments from 80 to 192 days postpartum. The ADWG of FA and CO did not differ among them (P> 0.05) and were higher than SM (P <0.05). The ADWGC of FA and CO were similar (P> 0.06), and higher than SM (P <0.06). Cows that nursing males had lower BWm and BCSm that those nursing females (P <0.05). The cows of FA had higher PR (P <0.01)Item DESEMPENHO E PARÂMETROS REPRODUTIVOS DE DIFERENTES LINHAGENS DE CODORNAS JAPONESAS (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-03-28) GOMES, Natali Almeida; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012It was the objective of this study to evaluate the performance and reproductive parameters of different genetic groups of japanese quails between six and 26 weeks of age. There were used 384 japanese quails, assigned according to the experimental design (ramdomized blocks), considering the initial live weight of the birds as blocks in the beginning of the experiment. The treatments were three genetic groups with eight replicates, in a total of 48 experimental units with eight birds in each experimental unit (two males and six female). The birds were fed rations according to recommendations of NRC (1994), having soybean meal and ground corn as the main components. The variables of performance were studied every 14 days and three incubation trials were done with 15, 24 and 33 weeks of age. For the statistical analysis the proc GLM of SAS software was used and the means were compared by the t Student test. In each incubation study the completely ramdomized blocks experimental design was used, considering the incubating machines as blocks, with 70 replicates per treatment and one egg as the experimental unit. The parameters evaluated were the egg weight, hatchability, chick weight at hatching, weight loss and weight after six hours of fasting. The results were submitted to variance analysis and the means compared by the t Student test (5% of probability). The genetic groups presented differences among each other for the live body weight in the beginning of production, age at 50% of of productiontwere different to body weight at the beggining and age at 50% of production, where the commercial parent line obtained the best performance. The parameters peak persistence, eggs production, feed intake, viability and beak behavior did not present differences among the genetic groups. The live body weight influenced the egg weight. In the incubation trials the commercial parent line presented more weight of the incubating egg and more weight of the chicks at hatching. It was concluded in the present study that there are statistical differences on the performance and incubating parameters among genetic groups of japanese quails.Item Densidade de estocagem do híbrido pintado amazônico (Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum fêmea x Leiarius marmoratus macho) em viveiros escavados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-01) GOMIDES, Pedro Fellipe Vieira; MASCARENHAS, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; GUIMARÃES, Igo Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1959358415883904; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012In order to determine the stocking density for hybrid amazon pintado (Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum female x Leiarius marmoratus male) were distributed in 12 ponds, 570 juveniles with initial average weight of 82 g. The ground ponds of 50 m2 has minimum and maximum depth of 0.9 and 1.3 m. Different stocking densities were studied 0.5; 0.8; 1.1 e 1.4 fish/m2 during 270 days. The completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates, each pond was an experimental unit, and the number of fish per pond varied according to treatments. The variables studied were: water quality, productive performance, biometric indices, glucose and economic evaluation. For statistical analysis, data were subjected to analysis of variance with the statistical program SAS ® (2000), in case of statistical difference was used the Tukey test (5%). Was performed polynomial regression for the different densities. The greatest total weight and weight gain was obtained for the lower density. There was a negative linear regression for body weight, weight gain and feed intake with increasing density. Water quality and physiological characteristics of the amazon pintado were not affected by stocking density. It can be concluded, based on performance and economic profitability , the best stocking density for hybrid Amazon pintado that was 0.8 fish/m2.