Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução

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Descompasso entre investimento em gestão e prioridades para conservação da biodiversidade nas unidades de conservação da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-01-23) Dias, Letícia Lopes de Sousa dos Santos; Ribeiro, Bruno Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4793431181653951; Marco Júnior, Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo de; Pellin, Angela; Ribeiro, Katia Torres
The effectiveness of protected areas in biodiversity conservation relies on the availability of resources and a robust management structure. However, there was a mismatch between the establishment of protected areas and investment in their management, resulting in many areas lacking essential resources, especially in the Neotropical region. This discrepancy is pronounced in the Brazilian Amazon, posing a substantial risk to the intended objectives of the biome's protected areas. This research investigates the factors influencing the management effectiveness of protected areas in the Amazon. It proposes a strategy for prioritizing investments based on the area's significance for biodiversity conservation and the degree of anthropogenic impact it faces. The findings reveal that protected areas receiving support from the Amazon Protected Areas Program and managed by federal agencies exhibit higher levels of management, along with increased human and financial resources, compared to those lacking support or managed by state agencies. Areas designated for sustainable use demonstrate superior management effectiveness compared to those under full protection. Additionally, the extent of deforestation in the surroundings negatively affects both the management effectiveness and the perceived adequacy of resources. Notably, areas of highest priority for biodiversity conservation tend to experience lower levels of management and resources, indicating a resource deficit in these critical areas. These results underscore the imperative to channel resources towards the management of protected areas with high conservation value and those facing heightened anthropogenic pressures to effectively safeguard biodiversity.
No limiar tênue entre teoria e realidade, sazonalidade e caos em sistemas planctônicos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-26) Ferreira, Heury Sousa; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Silva, Daniel Brito Candido da
The Chaos Theory is an alternative tool to stochastic dynamic modeling when target biological systems show irregular and no predictive behavior. The plankton is a model group of organisms to theoretical and experimental investigations in chaotic dynamics due to its intrinsic biological characteristics as small size, high reproductive rate and short life cycle, with the additional advantage of its public interest related to practical problems. In this work we investigated the dynamical aspects of a NutrientPhytoplankton-Zooplankton seasonal forced model, created by means of the addition of the Zooplankton level on a Nutrient-Phytoplankton seasonal forced model that show chaotic behavior, proposed by Huppert et al. (2005). An important outcome of the Huppert’s model is that the intensity of the seasonal forcing is the control parameter of the system. We investigated the zooplankton effect on the stability of the model, and the chaos control by means of pulses in the intensity of the seasonal forcing. Our results show that strong and weak seasonal forcing implicates in cyclical fluctuations of phytoplankton populations, and those cycles had higher amplitude in strong seasonal forcing. Between those two extremes, there is chaos. The zooplankton mortality is a fundamental component of the behavior of the model. In fact, despite of seasonal forcing values that can promote chaotic behavior, the model can show cyclic behavior to some values of mortality rates. This suggests that absence of top-down control in the models built to understand phytoplanktonic dynamics (blooms are only a consequence of this), result in an over-simplification and lack of conceptual comprehension of the system. Our results show that periodic pulses can be able to control the chaos on moderate seasonal forcing, and to promote chaos to weak and strong seasonal effects. The pulses are theoretical indicatives of how climatic changes influences a seasonal variable can to affect the dynamics aspects of planktonic systems.
Modelo matemático para dinâmica de range sob uma ótica não linear
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-07-17) Ferreira, Heury Sousa; Marco Junior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Junior, Paulo De; Vieira, Ludgero Cardoso Galli; Petrene Junior, Miguel; Agelini, Ronaldo; Silva, Daniel de Brito Candido da
This paper presents a model for the study of dynamic range built on mechanisms of spatiotemporal dynamics and nonlinear interaction of species. The approach proposes a reformulation of the principle of competitive exclusion (expanding it by adding the factor of overlap between the ranges of competing species), explores the weaknesses of the traditional model of Lotka-Volterra to the understanding of issues related to the invasion of species, shows that under circumstances of migration and the diffusion the range dynamics can be chaotic, and presents the derivation of an equation for estimating population size based on the degree of overlap of their range with the range of a species with which it interacts.
Diversidade Filogenética da comunidade de microeucariotos planctônicos da planície de inundação do rio Araguaia por DNA metabarcode
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-09-26) Jesus, Jocilaine Santos de; Nabout, João Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3335844675689429; Soares, Thannya Nasciment; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Nabout, João Carlos; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Machado, Karine Borges
Integrating phylogenetic and community ecology studies has proven highly effective in unraveling the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape biodiversity. In this context, combining eDNA metabarcoding with community phylogenetic analyses holds promise for describing patterns of community organization and assembly, providing more robust and informative estimates of diversity. This study aimed to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of the eukaryotic community captured by the 18S molecular marker in the Araguaia River floodplain, using the metabarcoding technique. Focusing on groups of photosynthetic planktonic microeukaryotes (PPME), we sought to understand how environmental and spatial factors influence the diversity and phylogenetic structure of these communities. To this end, water samples were collected from 140 lakes in the Araguaia River floodplain. Total DNA was extracted, and the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were processed using the Pimba pipeline to obtain operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A total phylogeny was constructed with all OTUs obtained, and from this phylogeny, clades belonging to the PPME groups were selected to construct a second phylogeny focused solely on PPME. Phylogenetic diversity and structure were assessed for both phylogenies using Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD) index and the net relatedness index (NRI). The influence of environmental and spatial variables on phylogenetic diversity and structure was analyzed through partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) and variance partitioning. Phylogenetic beta diversity was estimated using the PhyloSor index and partitioned into nestedness and turnover, while its correlation with spatial and environmental factors was assessed with a partial Mantel test. The results show that the phylogenetic diversity of the eukaryotes and photosynthetic planktonic microeukaryotes communities was significantly lower than expected by chance, indicating a non-random community structure. Most lakes showed a clustered phylogenetic pattern, suggesting that more phylogenetically related taxa co-occur more frequently. Most of the variation in phylogenetic diversity and structure was explained by space, but the spatially structured environment also had a relevant percentage of explanation. Spatial filters describing the directional connectivity between lakes had a greater explanatory power than filters using linear distances. Phylogenetic beta diversity for photosynthetic planktonic microeukaryotes was high, indicating substantial species turnover among lakes, and dissimilarity was positively correlated with environmental and spatial distances. These results suggest a significant role for environmental filtering and dispersal processes in the phylogenetic community organization and contribute to filling the knowledge gap regarding the phylogenetic diversity of planktonic microeukaryotes in the Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, underscoring the importance of considering both phylogenetic and ecological aspects to understand aquatic biodiversity.
Projeções futuras de índice de vegetação e os efeitos das mudanças climáticas em regiões áridas e semiáridas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-28) Joner, Daiany Caroline; Loyola, Rafael Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7649189080736923; Loyola, Rafael Dias; Nobre, Carlos Afonso; Faleiro, Frederico Augusto Martins Valtuille; Terribile, Levi Carina; Marco Júnior, Paulo De
Uncertainties with the effects of climate change has increased the need for more studies in recent years. Some regions in the world are more vulnerable, such as arid and semiarid ecosystems whose future projections indicate an increase in the frequency of extreme climate events. Vegetation cover has a fundamental role in maintaining these environments for biodiversity and population. Generalize about the response to climate change of endemic species from arid and semiarid environments to climate change is difficult to make due to information gaps. In the first part, we generated climatic niche models of the vertebrate species of these ecosystems using the results in meta-analysis statistics to evaluate if there was any tendency. The 166 species used totaled 1660 results due to the combination of climate models and methods. Of these results, 37% indicated loss of favorable climate areas, 40.92% were inconclusive and 22.08% indicated a gain in favorable climate areas. The heterogeneity of the results as well as the inconclusive results indicates the influence of different methods used in niche modeling. Even so, there is a tendency at global level to reduce favorable climate areas for endemic vertebrates. In the second part, we considered the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) a proxy of the vegetal cover. We used the ARIMA time series model to design this variable for the future based on NDVI data between 2001 and 2017. The NDVI data are available every 16 days at 250m resolution. We converted into monthly data and 0.1° degree resolution. We used the Brazilian semiarid as model to project NDVI to the present, validate the results and subsequently to projected for the future (2050 and 2070). We obtained good results with of 0.7552 between the estimated and the observed. Pearson correlation values also varied between months, with January being the highest value (0.8887). The root mean square deviation (RMSE) values were also low, indicating good performance of the models. The observed differences between the months, lowest values of correlation and errors can be related to the presence of climatic anomalies as well as the effects of land use changes. The good performance indicates a great potential of use of the NDVI as proxy of vegetation cover, thus contributing in climate change research. The third part, we evaluated niche models of endemic vertebrates of the Brazilian semi-arid with the use of NDVI integrated with climatic variables. The five species studied lost favorable climatic areas with or without the use of NDVI. However, the frequency of the number of areas changes with the use of NDVI can indicate refuges for some species. Vegetation cover should be considered in biodiversity research investigating climate change. There is great potential for research into drought periods. These studies can provide important information both for the effects of biodiversity and population that depends on these natural resources for survival.
Influência da lista vermelha e de características das espécies no esforço em pesquisa de anuros do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-08-31) Monteiro, Vitor Guimarães; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2116561844584292; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; Batista, Vinícius Guerra
The red list of endangered species is an important tool that presents data on the threat of extinction and also population trends for several taxa. Therefore, the red list has as one of its functions, to direct research efforts to those species that are threatened with extinction and, therefore, require greater attention in order to maintain biodiversity. One of the objectives of this study was to investigate whether the red list is a good guide for the research effort on endemic endangered amphibians of Brazil. Another objective of the work was to verify if factors such as the average body size of a species, the range, the year of formal description or the biome influence the total number of articles that endemic amphibian species have. Through database research (Web of Science and Scopus), we found 1775 articles distributed among 17 families of endemic amphibian amphibians in Brazil. This work shows that only the threat category of each species does not explain the variation in the number of articles published for each species between the time of publication of this status and the year 2020. Species with larger body size, larger range and that have been described for a longer time showed a greater number of articles.
Efeitos espaciais e ambientais sobre diferentes medidas de diversidade beta em ecossistemas continentais
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-30) Rezende, Breno Laio Medeiros de; Melo, Adriano Sanches; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4602365265261727; Melo, Adriano Sanches; Granzotti, Rafaela Vendrametto; Terribile, Levi Carina; Becker, Fernando Gertum; Teresa, Fabrício Barreto
It has been many years since the term beta diversity has been the subject of discussion and application in Ecology studies, and apparently its methodological approaches and applications seems to be inexhaustible, as different measures of beta diversity have emerged over the years. The first chapter of this thesis is a systematic review in which I investigated whether the amplitude of environmental differences is responsible for influencing effect sizes in studies that assessed the relationship between beta dissimilarity and environmental variables in freshwater environments. According to the results obtained, the amplitude does not seem to influence effect sizes. In the second chapter I investigate whether dispersal costs effects in lotic metacommunities are responsible for determining the beta dissimilarity of fishes. The results revealed the influence of dispersal costs associated with distances between locations along rivers and streams for three basins, while dispersal costs represented by the combination of distances and channel slope were only observed in a single basin. Furthermore, for one of the river basins, the influence of dispersal costs was represented by mutual effects of the distance between locations and the total area of reservoirs formed by dams between locations. In the third chapter I investigate whether the latitudinal gradient is responsible for influencing the relationships between environmental differences and beta dissimilarity obtained in square cell format for the entire continent of America using records of distribution of terrestrial birds and mammals. Beta dissimilarity in both terrestrial birds and mammals was explained by environmental variables, but only the relationship between environmental differences and beta diversity of mammals appears to be influenced by latitudinal patterns.
Áreas prioritárias para restauração no estado de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-07-03) Silva, Thalline Rodrigues da; Loyola, Rafael Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7649189080736923; Loyola, Rafael Dias; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Brum, Fernanda Thiesen
In parallel with strategies and actions focused on the conservation of biodiversity, scientists, decisionmakers, and different sectors of our society have been developing on strategies focused on the restoration of degraded areas. This is a particularly important issue for Brazil as signatory to the Paris Agreement, in which the Brazilian government is committed to restoring 12 million hectares of degraded areas by 2030. Such restoration will be regionalized, and the states of Brazil will need to indicate their priorities, strategies and tools to accomplish such task. Here, we identified priority areas for restoration in the state of Goiás in order to build scenarios in which the retention of soil carbon stock is maximized, as well as the representation of plant species, while seeking the lowest cost of opportunity to perform this restoration on rural landowners. We ran prioritizations following the principles of systematic conservation planning. We also considered the environmental debt within rural properties and, based on that, we evaluated all types of agricultural culture found on the properties to generate opportunity costs associated with restoration. After analyzing 166,635 rural properties across the state, we found a total debt of approximately 1,682,804.1330 hectares within properties’ Legal Reserve. We also observed that most rural properties that should be restored have an opportunity cost below R$5,000. In all prioritization scenarios, areas to the east and northeast of the state of Goiás were considered as priority. Our best restoration scenario captured ~35% of the state's entire carbon stock, nearly 70% (on average) of the distribution of endangered plant species included in the study and a reduction in opportunity cost of more than 70%. Systematic planning for restoration, as proposed here, if carried out in an organized and accountable way, can maximize the connectivity of protected areas within rural properties, bringing greater protection of species and guarantee of the provision of ecosystem services.

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