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Navegando EA - Escola de Agronomia por Por Programa "Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)"
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Item Estabilidade e potencial produtivo de linhagens de feijão-comum desenvolvidas sob fixação biológica de nitrogênio avaliadas em multi-ambientes(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-31) Caetano, João Pedro Miranda; Melo, Leonardo Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9132553601896172; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508679345970114; Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos; Vidotti, Miriam Suzane; Dias, Polianna Alves Silva; Melo, Leonardo CunhaChemical nitrogen fertilization is a common practice in bean fertilization, but it is expensive and can have negative environmental impacts, as well as synthetic fertilizer not being a renewable source. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is one of the most sustainable ways of supplying legumes with nitrogen. In the last two decades, BNF has returned to the focus of common bean breeding programs, mainly by evaluating the potential of strains for BNF in various environments, with a view to recommending adapted and stable genotypes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance and productive stability of elite common bean lines of the carioca group developed under BNF. The lines were obtained by crossing the genitors CNFC10762 and the wild accession G234999A, which has a high BNF rate but few favorable agronomic characteristics. After backcrossing, the progenies that were advanced and selected under BNF were obtained. The 15 elite lines (L) obtained and three check genotypes were evaluated in six environments, made up of the combination of location/harvest/year. Two experiments were conducted in each environment, one with nitrogen fertilization of 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen through mineral fertilizers and the other inoculated with a mixture of Rhizobium tropici and R. freirei without mineral nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications, and the plots were made up of three three-metre rows spaced 0.5 m apart. Individual and joint analyses of variance were carried out for grain yield and the stability analysis was done using the WAASB method, which combines the predictive capacity of the BLUP mixed model with the graphical tools of the AMMI model. The effect of the L x FN interaction was significant (P<0.01), with the genotypes performing better when there was nitrogen fertilization. Among these strains, CNFC10762 and CNFC20367 had the best performance and productive stability when both N sources were considered, i.e. they have dual aptitude characteristics and are adapted to both mineral N and BNF systems. For inoculated environments, the control CNFC10762 and the genotypes CNFC20389, CNFC20367 and CNFC20379 stood out, showing the best relationship between productive performance and stability. Common bean breeding was unable to develop lines, originating from wild germplasm, that are more productive than the controls genotypes developed under an exclusive system of mineral N fertilization. The lines from this work will be indicated as progenitors to form new breeding base populations.Item Variabilidade genética quantitativa e estrutura populacional de Dipteryx alata Vog. do cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-11-30) Mota, Elias Emanuel Silva; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590256762396056; Chaves, Lázaro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9990967290797379; Chaves, Lázaro José; Novaes, Evandro; Soares, Thannya Nascimento; Nabout, João Carlos; Rodrigues, FabrícioThe objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for quantitative traits of Dipteryx alata; to infer about the influence of climatic, edaphic and geographic factors on the phenotypic divergence among subpopulations and to compare the population genetic structure of the species, based on quantitative and molecular data, to infer about the adaptive processes in the subpopulations. The germplasm collection consists of 600 plants in the field, in a randomized complete block design, with four replications and one plant per plot. Seedlings from the sowing in mid-October 2011 were transplanted to the field in March 2012. A phenotypic evaluation was also carried out in the 25 natural subpopulations, in which leaf and inflorescence data were collected from adult plants in six states of Central Brazil, sampling six plants per subpopulation. A composite sample of soil was also obtained with subsamples collected in the projection of the canopy of the plants. The evaluations of the plants from the germplasm collection, for the purposes of this study, began in March 2013, being the individual accessions characterized morphologically and agronomically. The quantitative data of the collection and the natural subpopulations were submitted to descriptive analysis, analysis of variance and correlation between the silvicultural characters. From the variance components, the genetic parameters of interest were also estimated. The comparison of the population genetic structure via microsatellite marker (FST) and quantitative data (QST) was performed based on the probability distributions of the values of the two estimates, which were generated by parametric bootstrap using 10000 resamples. There was significant variation between subpopulations and progenies within subpopulations, for most of the traits evaluated. There is genetic variability both among and within subpopulation, and its structuring is inherent to the evaluated variable. The traits, initial height, final height, initial diameter, final diameter, stem height and crown diameter showed higher heritability values, having a greater potential for genetic gain by selection and breeding. The geographic distances matrix showed low magnitude correlation only with the distances matrix of the phenotypic data of leaves and with the data matrix of the nutritional contents of leaves. The results of the Mantel tests suggested that the environmental factors (climate and soil), as well as the geographical distribution of the subpopulations are associated, even in small magnitude, with the phenotypic divergence among the subpopulations. Eighteen of the twenty seven characters evaluated for the species suggest that drift is the main cause of differentiation among subpopulations.