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Navegando Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais por Assunto "Agricultural frontier"
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Item O estado brasileiro e a expansão de fronteiras(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-01) Dias, Denise Oliveira; Silva, Sandro Dutra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0209794264314643; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; Lameirão, Camila Romero; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; Teixeira, Denilson; Moretto, Samira PeruchiThis is a doctoral thesis developed during 2019-2023, whose general objective was to identify the relationship between three different governments in Brazilian political history with the Environment, through the analysis of the laws and public policies of each of these governments. The governments analyzed in the research were the first government of Getúlio Vargas (1930-1945), the first phase of the military government (19764-1975), and, finally, the Bolsonaro government (2019-2022). The analysis of the environmental laws enacted by these governments were carried out through documentary and legislative consultation, and the discussion of these laws was carried out through bibliographical research. The results showed that there are points in common in the mode of operation of these governments concerning environmental policy, and the relationship between the three governments is noted in the similarity between their cosmovision regarding the Frontier, the Environment, and the way of operating the State with its alliances with traditional oligarchic groups and the edition of narratives that consider them as “myths”, “heroes”, who fight for “protection” against the ghosts of “communism” and “institutional bureaucracy”. While, in practice, it maintains traditional alliances with conservative and economically dominant groups, operationalizing the State through laws to finance the expansion of the border, in the first two governments in a controlled and planned manner, and the third in an omissive and uncontrolled method, exposing thus to environmental and social problems.Item A posse da terra: reconfiguração fundiária no espaço da fronteira agrícola na bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguaia em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-05-30) Franco, Solange Maria; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2186337194534589; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Barreira, Celene Cunha Monteiro Antunes; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Silva, Sandro Dutra eThe present research discusses the landholding reconfiguration in the agricultural frontier space. The objective was to investigate the changes that have occurred in rural property, with regard to the characteristics of the ownership pattern and agrarian structure, in the Araguaia River basin in Goiás, with a case study in one of the municipalities that make up the basin. Based on the assumption that there is a spatial rearrangement movement caused by the deepening of capitalist relations in the countryside, the research was based on two hypotheses: an invisible reconcentration, because it is not detected in the available economic research; and the reterritorialization of capital, which reflects social changes and production relations. The case study analyzed primary data, from the public deeds of rural properties, collected during field work carried out in a land registry office in the Goiás municipality of Aruanã, which is totally included in the hydrographic basin of the Araguaia River, in two time periods, current and retrospective, i.e., from 30 to 40 years ago. The research was developed in three axes of work and stages of realization. The state of the art performed the inventory of the academic research produced throughout the country in graduate courses and complete articles published in periodicals, on themes related to the use, occupation, conflicts, aptitude, and environmental impacts, as well as physical characterization, such as soil, relief, among others, aiming to verify the information that could be used as a data reference for the thesis. The occupation of space analyzed the long process of occupation of the basin, establishing the historical-economic contextualization and examining the demographic, social and economic variables, constituted by statistical indexes, systematized for the researched clipping. Methodologically, the study was supported theoretical model that correlates the changes in the land use to the frontier expansion phenomena: expansion front, pioneer front, and agricultural frontier, with the purpose of serving as a contextual and data support for the study on land tenure. Finally, the findings of the case study, compared with the evolutionary framework of frontier expansion, allowed the identification of a new conformation in rural economic and social relations, and corroborated to recognize land concentration by the average size of the properties and the change in the pattern of rural property owners, mainly related to place of residence, direction of establishments, demography, among others. The results on land tenure confirmed the hypothesis raised in the paper and highlighted the problems arising from the policies that instituted an agricultural development model in the country. Such consequences express reterritorialization, a concept that identifies the spatial and social movement of expanded reproduction of capital, which has been imposing changes in the appropriation of territory, increasing inequalities in the countryside, and imposing transformations in the traditional rural space, impacting social and production relations.Item Identificação de áreas prioritárias para recuperação e conservação ambiental em uma bacia hidrográfica do bioma Cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-06-29) Soares, Samara Silva; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6466969611652630; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino; Faria, Karla Maria Silva de; Formiga, Klebber Teodomiro Martins; Mathias, Lindon Fonseca; Vergara, Roberta Mara OliveiraThe watershed of the Meia Ponte River is one of the most important hydrographic basins for the state of Goiás and has a high level of anthropization influenced by the process of expansion of the agricultural frontier, which can result in increased erosive processes of soils by water and increase of areas of high environmental vulnerability that lack recovery and conservation. Thus, the objective of this work was to define the priority areas for socio-environmental recovery and conservation and to evaluate the existing mechanisms for environmental preservation considering the process of occupation of UPGRH Meia Ponte in the last 30 years. For this, soil loss influenced by temporal changes in land use and cover (LULC) was estimated from data from the Mapbiomas Project, Collection 3.0, for the years 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017 and using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The priority areas for recovery and conservation were defined based on the potential for underground water recharge, the environmental vulnerability and the social vulnerability of the basin using the multicriteria analysis methodology (AHP) integrated with the tools of Geographic Information Systems – GIS. The expansion of agricultural areas occurred in 14% of the pasture areas. This conversion occurred in areas of lower slopes, from 0° to 5°, (flat and gently undulating reliefs) and soils considered more suitable for mechanized agriculture, such as Oxisols. The uses remained unchanged in 66% of the basin, there was 7% of reforestation and 9% of deforestation corroborating the expressive anthropization of the basin. The increase in the rate of soil loss from 1987 to 2017 was observed, due to the increase in arable areas promoted by the agricultural policiesmas implemented at the time. The tolerable rates of soil loss were exceeded for agriculture and pasture under all studied conditions. Agricultural areas also have the highest priority areas for recovery. The results are useful for land use planners and managers to make appropriate decisions in establishing environmental preservation policies. The economic development of the municipalities has a significant but weak correlation with the accounting of priority areas for conservation. However, the mechanisms of payment for environmental services (PES) and environmental compensation are viable for the restoration of these areas.Item Impactos ambientais da modernização agropecuária em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-10-31) Villela, Pollyana de Macêdo; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara , Fausto; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; Campos, Ricardo Luiz Sapia deThe process of modernisation in Goiás has intensified since the 1970 with the State’s strong intervention and the adoption of a highly technological package spread around the world. With the highly subsidized rural credits, economic incentives and investments in infrastructure and transport, the region began to gain notoriety due to agricultural development. Thus, in the course of agricultural modernization process, realized several environmental impacts related to loss of biodiversity, degradation and contamination of soil, water and air resources. Also socioeconomic impacts were observed, such as the rural exodus, the decrease of the job offer in the country, deepening social inequalities, the uncontrolled growth of cities, the development of the economy and of the municipalities, among others. In this context, the present study seeks to understand what are the environmental and socioeconomic impacts more significantly related to the expansion of the agricultural frontier in Goiás and at what level these impacts can be correlated. Therefore, at first, were selected twelve variables, as well as created two indexes that reflect the environmental impacts by using the factor analysis. The first index was called the Index of Livestock and Soil Degradation Impact. The second, in turn, was set to Index of Agriculture and Land Use Impact. The cities with the highest factorials scores for both indexes were: Nova Crixás, São Miguel do Araguaia, Caiapônia, Mineiros, Jataí and Rio Verde. From these data,it was possible to calculate the simple linear correlation analysis. So, the lack of correlation between the Index of Livestock and Soil Degradation Impact and Modernisation Index, i.e. not identified any linear correlation between these two indices. It appeared, therefore, that the environmental impact occurs regardless of whether the region is well upgraded or not. By correlating the same environmental impact index with the Index of Performance of Municipalities, which reflect the socio-economic dimension, it was noticed that there was a correlation, but with low intensity (r = 0.293). Thus, regions with good municipal performance impacted more the environment. Finally, by correlating the Modernization Index with the Index of Performance, also found a low correlation (r = 0.262). In this way, the counties that received more investments in technology, they developed their agricultural economy and stood out economically were those who showed greater socioeconomicItem Impactos ambientais da modernização agropecuária em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-10-31) Villela, Pollyana de Macêdo; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Miziara, Fausto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3275079358565458; Oliveira, Leandro Gonçalves; Campos, Ricardo Luiz Sapia deThe process of modernisation in Goiás has intensified since the 1970 with the State’s strong intervention and the adoption of a highly technological package spread around the world. With the highly subsidized rural credits, economic incentives and investments in infrastructure and transport, the region began to gain notoriety due to agricultural development. Thus, in the course of agricultural modernization process, realized several environmental impacts related to loss of biodiversity, degradation and contamination of soil, water and air resources. Also socioeconomic impacts were observed, such as the rural exodus, the decrease of the job offer in the country, deepening social inequalities, the uncontrolled growth of cities, the development of the economy and of the municipalities, among others. In this context, the present study seeks to understand what are the environmental and socioeconomic impacts more significantly related to the expansion of the agricultural frontier in Goiás and at what level these impacts can be correlated. Therefore, at first, were selected twelve variables, as well as created two indexes that reflect the environmental impacts by using the factor analysis. The first index was called the Index of Livestock and Soil Degradation Impact. The second, in turn, was set to Index of Agriculture and Land Use Impact. The cities with the highest factorials scores for both indexes were: Nova Crixás, São Miguel do Araguaia, Caiapônia, Mineiros, Jataí and Rio Verde. From these data,it was possible to calculate the simple linear correlation analysis. So, the lack of correlation between the Index of Livestock and Soil Degradation Impact and Modernisation Index, i.e. not identified any linear correlation between these two indices. It appeared, therefore, that the environmental impact occurs regardless of whether the region is well upgraded or not. By correlating the same environmental impact index with the Index of Performance of Municipalities, which reflect the socio-economic dimension, it was noticed that there was a correlation, but with low intensity (r = 0.293). Thus, regions with good municipal performance impacted more the environment. Finally, by correlating the Modernization Index with the Index of Performance, also found a low correlation (r = 0.262). In this way, the counties that received more investments in technology, they developed their agricultural economy and stood out economically were those who showed greater socioeconomic impacts. In this perspective, it can be verified a trade off relationship, on the one hand, the agricultural Modernization that generates economic growth, income, structural improvements and development does not prevent the generation of possibly irreversible environmental impacts, for the Cerrado biome.