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Item Estudo da composição química, de atividades biológicas e microencapsulação do óleo essencial dos frutos de Pterodon emarginatus Vogel - Fabaceae ("sucupira")(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-28) ALVES, Suzana Ferreira; CONCEIÇÃO, Edemilson Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7193007113950510; BARA, Maria Teresa Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3914164125498267The present work aimed to do the study of chemical variability, evaluating biological activities and microencapsulate the essential oil of the fruits of Pterodon emarginatus Vogel (Fabaceae). Chapter 1 presents the study of the chemical variability of essential oil from fruits of sucupira of 11 individual of the Brazilian savanna, collected from five different populations, and were identified as its chemical composition by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), used for data analysis to multivariate statistical tool that indicated compounds β caryophyllene and α copaene as the main discriminant of the samples studied, both of which are of greater significance. Chapter 2 describes the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of total oil of the fruits of sucupira, four samples being analyzed, three of the city of Jussara GO and one of region of Jaciara MT. The oils tested showed good antimicrobial activity against bacteria Gram positive (Gram (+)) and moderate activity against Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048. Chapter 3 describes the process of obtaining microcapsules containg essential oil (OE) of sucupira employing the technique of spray drying and the development and validation methodology for quantification of the compound β caryophyllene. Were used gum Arabic and maltodextrin as wall material and prepared five different dispersions (Emulsion 1-E1, Emulsion 2-E2, Emulsion 3-E3, Emulsion 4-E4 and Emulsion 5-E5) which then were atomized in spray dryer. The results show that the drying condition most appropriate was sprinkler beak of 1,2 mm of diameter, power flow the emulsion in system of 4 mL/min, inlet temperature of 160ºC, air flow of 40 L/min e and pressure of 60 psi. Among the emulsions, E2 was standardized with adequate proportion of essential oil and wall materials, by presenting microcapsules (MOE) for having thick-walled, with a pronounced retention of essential oil, spherical morphology and low hygroscopicity. The method developed and validated proved to be linear, precise, acuurate and robust. Chapter 4 presents the evaluation of biological activities of antimicrobial essential oil of PES-01 employing the technique of broth microdilution and antinociceptive and anti-inflamatory activities performed to the microcapsules with the essential oil. The models of pain induced by formalin and hot plate were used to assess the antinociceptive activity and the model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy and Evans blue for evaluation of anti-inflamatory activity. The OE has weak antimicrobial activity (500 μg mL-1) against bacteria Gram (+) and against the fungi of the genus Cryptococcus was inactive against S. aureus ATCC 25923, against bacteria Gram (-) and against the fungi of the genus Candida. OE reduced by 61,54% (300 mg kg-¹) of the reactivity to pain. The MOE reduced 40,87% (1,0 g kg-¹) and 41,57% (2,0 g kg-¹) in first phase of the test formalin-induced pain, suggesting, anti-nociceptive activity. The 2nd phase of the test, the essential oil inhibited 52,35% of the pain related to inflammatory mediators and the microcapsules decreased from 25,86% - 55,60% of the pain. MOE at a dose of 1,0 g kg-¹ showed anti-nociceptive activity in hot plate model, suggestion central analgesic activity. In the arrageenaninduced pleurisy the MOE reduced 25,44% of the complete migration of leukocytes and significantly decreased the concentration of Evans blue in 24,18%, which demonstrates important anti-inflamatory activity.Item Caracterização e Análise Funcional da Beta -1,3-glicanosiltransferase 2 de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-01-29) LIMA, Patrícia de Sousa; SOARES, Célia Maria de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8539946335852637Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic disorder geographically restricted to Central and South America, and one of the most important endemic mycoses in these regions, especially among the male rural populations. The disease is most likely caused by the inhalation of asexual spores (conidia) produced by the mycelia form of the fungus, propagules that once in the lungs undergo differentiation towards the parasitic yeast form. The cell wall of P. brasiliensis is a dynamic structure, essentially composed of branched glucan (β-1,3 and β-1,6 glucans), chitin, lipids and mannoproteins. Many enzymes are responsible for cell wall remodeling. One of them is the Beta-1,3- glucanosyltransferase 2 (PbGel2p) presented here. The amino acid deduced sequence of PbGel2p presented similarity to others proteins involved in fungal cell wall biosynthesis and morphogenesis and it was characterized as a member of GH72 family, GH72_ subfamily. The recombinant rPbGel2p was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and the polyclonal antibody was obtained. The PbGel2p mRNA, as well as the protein, were detected at the highest level in the mycelium phase. The potencial role of PbGel2p in cell wall biosynthesis and morphogenesis was analyzed by assessing its ability to rescue the phenotype of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAS1Δ. The results indicated that PbGel2p is a cell wall-associated protein that probably works as a β-1,3-glucan elongase capable of mediating fungal cell wall integrity. In addition, predicted protein-protein interactions between PbGel2p and others proteins of the fungus P. brasiliensis were assessed by using a S. cerevisiae two hybrid system and pull-down assay. The proteins that were found to interact with PbGel2p are: anthranilate synthase component 2 (involved in the tryptophan pathway), MYND domain protein SamB (related to fungal morphogenesis), mitotic spindle checkpoint protein Mad2B (required of the organization of the cytoskeleton and control of cell cycle), G protein complex beta subunit CpcB (organize the cytoskeleton of actin), WD repeat protein (involved in the control of cell cycle), phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate-5-kinase its3 (required of the organization of the actin cytoskeleton), Hsp60 (related of stress conditions like temperature) and ATPase (localized in the plasma membrane / involved in the glucose metabolism). This suggested the relation of PbGel2p in other process to maintenance of cell wall integrity.Item Aproveitamento de rejeitos da indústria de atomatados para a produção e caracterização de extratos ricos em licopeno, β-Caroteno e Vitamina E(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-03-17) SILVA, Fernanda Dias; ANTONIOSI FILHO, Nelson Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5982964870999454The production of industrial foods derived from tomato generates high levels of rejects that are composed basically of seeds and tomato peels. This reject it is rich in carotenoids, especially lycopene and β-carotene, which are pigments whose ingestion is directly linked to the decrease of the risk of chronic-degenerative diseases. The present study has as objective develops simplified and efficient extraction and analysis methods of lycopene and β-carotene starting from this reject using palm oil as coadjutant, seeking the subsequent use of this extract for enrichment of products of easy access to classes economically inferior of the population and as a vehicle of medicines. Initially it was developed the chromatographic analysis method for three columns of RP-HPLC: C18 Chromolith SpeedROD (50 mm x 4,6 mm), C18 Nova-Pack (300 mm x 3,9 mm x 4 µm) and C30 YMC Carotenoid (250 mm x 4,6 mm x 5 µm). All the columns present a considerable reduction in the time of analysis and efficient separation between lycopene and β-carotene, when compared to the analysis reported on scientific literature. Later it was done a study of the thermal stability of the pigments by means of TG, DSC and RP-HPLC seeking to evaluate the maximum temperature which the reject can be heated without the occurrence of considerable losses of the pigments. The thermogravimetric curves demonstrated that the loss of mass happens to temperatures higher than those observed by the degradations of the pigments by RP-HPLC. It means that occurs the transformation of lycopene and β-carotene in intermediary compounds which are volatilized in higher temperatures. For the development of the extraction method several variables were tested being obtained the following optimized condition: 25 g of sample was dissolved in 50 mL of hexane and 0.1 mL of palm oil, shaking by 90 minutes under 50ºC. The proposed method demonstrated to be viable once it happens in only one stage, with the use of only an solvent which can be used again after the process. The time of extraction is completely acceptable, as well as the amount of solvent used, being all the parameters compatible with industrial implementation. The oily extract was still characterized with regard to the tocopherols and tocotrienols levels in the palm oil as well as the fatty acid and triacylglicerol compositions. It was obtained the prevalence of y-tocotrienol, oleic and palmitic acids and POO and POP triacylglicerides.Item Efeito da fonte de carbono e nitrogênio na produção de β 1,3 glucanases por Trichoderma asperellum(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-05-29) SILVA, Regiane Christine da; ULHOA, Cirano Jose; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368469162867277The β-1.3-glucanases have several functions in the cell as fungal metabolic in hydrolysis of polysaccharides for possible cellular assimilation; morphogenetic function in the hydrolysis or modifications of the cell wall, which includes growth and extension of the wall, altering the structure and composition of the wall and autolysis. In addition to presenting ecological importance, since these enzymes are involved in biological control, through the process of mycoparasitism. The gender Trichoderma comprises a group of filamentous fungi, saprophytic soil, found on decomposing organic matter in the rhizosphere, and some plants. Considering the importance of β-1.3 glucanases proposing in this study to evaluate the production of β-1.3 - glucanases by T. asperellum using different sources of carbon and nitrogen. The enzyme was produced using cell wall of Rizoctonia solani (PCRS), chitin, chitosan, starch, cellulose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, celobiose and glucose. The best production of enzymes was obtained in the middle containing PCRS, with two bands of activity of polyacrylamide gel were found. Furthermore, the effect of varying concentrations of ammonium sulfate (2, 4, 6, 8, 20, 40 and 60 mM) in the production of β-1.3-glucanase was evaluated during the growth of the fungus in PCRS. A great increase in activity of the enzyme was detected in the presence of nitrogen source. We can see that there was a considerable increase in the expression of the enzyme of low molecular weight at this culture conditions.