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Item Efeitos de culturas de cobertura na qualidade física do solo sob plantio direto(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-22) Andrade, Rui da Silva; Silveira, Pedro Marques da; Stone, Luís Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0233514913817700The objective of this study was to verify the suitability of S index in the diagnostic of physical quality of Cerrado soils and, based upon it, to determine the effect of cover crop mulches on physical quality of a Dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol) under no-tillage. A total of 2364 samples were selected from the soil data base of Embrapa Rice & Beans and Embrapa Cerrados, covering Cerrado soils from Mid-West, North, and Northeast regions of Brazil. Values of S index, defined as the slope of the soil water retention curve at its inflection point, obtained from these samples were correlated to soil bulk density, macroporosity, and total porosity, considering the following textural classes: very clayey, clayey, sandy clay, sandy clay loam, loam/sandy loam e loamy sand/sand. Based on review of literature, critical values were established for the physical attributes that separated, according to the texture, soils with good and poor structural quality and, based upon they, critical values were established for the S index. In order to study the effect of cover crop mulches on soil physical quality, an experiment was carried out under center pivot at Embrapa Rice & Beans, in Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, in a randomized block design, with eight replications. The treatments consisted of eight cover crops: Brachiaria brizantha; corn associated with B. brizantha; pigeon pea; millet; Panicum maximum; sorghum; Stylosanthes guianensis; and Crotalaria juncea. The first seven crops had been cultivated in summer season since December 2001 and C. juncea since November 2003. In the winter season, after cover crop desiccation, irrigated common bean crop was implemented under no-tillage. In February 2006, soil organic matter content, some soil physical attributes, and soil physical quality measured by S index were determined. This index was highly correlated to the physical attributes, showing to be an adequate indicator of physical quality of Cerrado soils. The limit value of S = 0.045 showed to be adequate to separate soils with good structure and soils with the tendency to be degraded, while values of S ≤ 0,025 indicate physically degraded soils. Cover crops, specially grasses, favored soil aggregation at surface layer. Soil cultivation modified its structure in comparison to native forest, increasing bulk density and reducing macroporosity and total porosity, and hence, reducing soil physical quality. Among the cover crops, pigeon pea, C. juncea, and corn associated with B. brizantha were those that maintained soil surface layer with good physical quality.Item Eficiência agronômica de um fertilizante fonte de micronutrientes nas culturas da soja e milho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-08-03) BARBOSA, Juliano Magalhães; FERNANDES, Eliana Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937The present work aimed to value the agronomic efficiency of different doses of a fertilizer fount of micronutrients applied through the soil in soy culture and the residual answer in culture rotation with the corn, by the determination of chemical attributes related with the productivity. The study was performed in field s condition in a Distrofic Red Latosoil in the experimental area of the School of Agronomy and Food Engineering, in Goiânia Goiás. The experiment was performed in the harvests 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 in randomized complete blocks design with five treatments and four repetitions. Fertilizer was used as fountain of micronutrients in the form of powder containing 6,8% of manganese (Mn), 3,9% of zinc (Zn), 2,1% of iron (Fe), 1,2% of copper (Cu) and 1,1% of boron (B), in four doses and as reference the testimony: D 0 0 kg ha-1, D 0,5 33,33 kg ha-1, D 1 66,66 kg ha-1, D 2 133,32 kg ha-1 and D 1C - 66,66 kg ha-1 plus 1,4 t ha-1 of calcium oxide. The fount of micronutrient was applied only in the harvest 2007/2008 associated to the soil preparation, in the harvest of 2008/2009 there was no reapplication and the system of planting was direct, without the soil preparation. The geeting of soil and leaf were carried out in the florescence of the cultures. It can be concluded that the cultures appears to be responsive to the fertilizer by considering the productivity of both the soy and the corn and that the fertilizer doses of 128,63 kg ha-1 and 69,08 kg ha-1 showed to have the best efficiency for the productivity of the soy to the corn, respectively.Item Caracterização genética de populações naturais de araticunzeiro (Annona crassiflora Mart.) pela análise de cpDNA(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2005-08-30) BLANCO, Angel José Vieira; COELHO, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0840926305216925The araticunzeiro (Annona crassiflora Mart.) is a tropical fruit tree species from the Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah) with high economic potential. The strong degradation of the Cerrado, allied to the predatory extractivism that threatens the species, points out to the necessity of development of research to support future conservation programs. With the aim to furnish information about the genetic status of this species and to guide future conservation strategies, 82 individuals from 11 natural populations were submitted to genetic analysis. The coalescent based analysis of the polymorphism present in the trn-L cpDNA allowed the detection of high levels of genetic diversity in the species. In spite of the high level of genetic similarity among different populations the results produced suggested that, , there is an incipient, but statistically significant, increasing differentiation process taking place due to current status of geographical isolation and genetic drift. The genetic differentiation coefficient estimated was equal to 7.3%. The spatial genetic divergence analyses suggested that the genetic distances are not associated to geographical distances between populations, evidencing the absence of current gene flow between adjacent populations. The coalescent based approach allowed the identification of different evolutionary scenes to the investigated populations. Among sampled populations cases from well conserved status to dangerous low levels of genetic diversity were detected. Results obtained by the use of coalescent models to infer the divergence time between populations suggested that natural populations of A. crassiflora were, until recently, part of a great regional continuum. These findings suggest that the low levels of genetic diversity among different populations must be due to the small time since isolation.Item Caracterização da estrutura genética de populações de Caryocar brasiliense Camb. no estado de Goiás utilizando marcadores moleculares microssatélites(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2005-08-25) Chaves, Sivany Rodrigues; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Cruz, Aparecido Divino da; Chaves, Lázaro JoséThe species Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (pequizeiro) is a common tree fruitful in the Brazilian savannah (Cerrado) with great economic and social potential. The objective of this study goals the increase of information for an efficient breeding program for specie domestication and conservation. Eleven natural populations of “pequizeiro”, 30 individuals each, was sampled on five different regions of Goiás state. The genetics structure of these natural populations was analyzed based on variability at eight microsatellite loci in about 330 individuals. The number of alleles per locus it varied of 22 to 32 (mean = 28). The waited and observed heterozigosity varied of 0,843 to 0,920 and 0,546 to 0,758, respectively. Measures of genetic differentiation indicated significant differences between most populations (FST = 0,064 and RST = 0,439). RST values among samples were high and much higher than FST indicating a divergence between the model that consider alleles to be identical by descent, and the model of identity by state in these populations. Estimated number of migrants was high, Nm = 3,63 (mean), and the existence of private alleles indicated reduced gene flow and a consequently possible damage to the metapopulations structure. Significant correlation was not found between geographical distance and measure of genetic divergence, suggesting the intense gene flow in the past that joined the populations that are separated today.Item Bionomia de Odonata: implicações ecológicas na distribuição de riqueza, na diversidade Beta e no uso como indicadores ambientais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-04-28) DUTRA, Silvia Leitão; MARCO JÚNIOR, Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648Item Exploração florestal certificada no cerrado: o crédito rural como mecanismo de fomento, controle e fiscalização(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-04-26) MARQUES, Carla Regina Silva; MARIN, Eriberto Francisco Bevilaqua; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9078134881548192This search focuses on the Exploration of Wood in savanna, for certification, which aims to certify the origin of the product within the standards of sustainability. For this, some national and international methods have been decribed, as well as a brief description about the history and classification of Forest Certification. Secondly, the Rural Credit was exploited in its legal nuances and their applicability to logging. Finally, it was showed the possibility of logging in Savannah, in a sustainable way, when it was identified the main characteristics of this biome. In the end, it was concuded by the possibility of histype of agriculture activity in Savanna, to wich it can be used several lines of financing offered by financial institutions. From the legal point of view, highlighted the bias developer of Agricultural Law, in contrast to the bias sanctions Environmental Law.Item Adubação de mudas de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), em viveiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-08) PACHECO, Abílio Rodrigues; BORGES, Jácomo Divino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6694312790302062Producing seedlings of good quality is an important step in the process of planting forest species. Addition of lime and fertilizers contribute in obtaining good quality seedlings, however, information is limited on fertilization and nutrition of native species of savannah. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth response of baru seedlings (Dipteryx alata Vog.) to organic and mineral fertilizers. Seedlings were produced in plastic bags with a diameter of 20 cm x 30 cm and capacity of four liters of substrate. Clay Dark Red Latosol collected from subsoil (20 cm depth) from Federal District of Planaltina, DF was used. The first experiment was conducted in complete randomized blocks, with eleven treatments in a factorial arrangement (4X2), with three replications (composed of seedlings coming from different matrix) and plots consisted of three seedlings. The treatments tested were E0+D0, E10+D0, E20+D0, E30+D0, E0+D1, E0+D2, E0+ALL, E10+D1, E10+D2, E10+ALL and E20+D1, where: E0, E10, E20 and E30 are doses of cattle manure varied from 0 to 30% in relation to final volume of mixed subsoil; D1 and D2 are traditional rates of chemical fertilizers, and D2 is double of D1 and D1 equivalent to dolomitic lime incorporated in the subsoil (0,5 g L-1) + P (150 mg L-1) + K (200 mg L-1) + Zn (5 mg L-1) + Cu (5 mg L-1) + Mn (5 mg L-1) + B (1 mg L-1) + Mo (0,5 mg L-1) + N (50 mg recipient-1 month-1, diluted in water); P and K were applied in the form of triple superphosphate and potassium chloride, respectively, Zn, Cu and Mn in the form of sulfates, B and Mo in the forms of borax and sodium molibidate, respectively.; ALL is symbol of slow release fertilizer in six months (2.4 g recipient-1 after emergence of seedlings and five months of age), contain N (15%), P2O5 (10%), K2O (10%), Ca (3,5), Mg (1,5%), S (3%), B (0,02%), Cu (0,05%), Fe (0,5%), Mn (0,1%), Zn (0,05%) and Mo (0,004%). In others experiments (1, 2, 3, and 4) baru seedlings were submitted to four rates of dolomitic lime (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g L-1 of substrate), P (0, 150, 300 and 600 mg L-1), K (0,100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) and N (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg seedling-1 month-1), in combination with two rates of cattle manure (10% and 20% in relation to final volume of mixture with subsoil). These experiments were conducted in complete randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement (4x2), with three replications (composed of seedlings coming from different matrix) and plots consisted of three seedlings. Source of N was urea (45% N), P triple superphosphate (45% P2O5), and K potassium chloride (60% K2O), respectively. After eight month of seedlings age following observations were made: Stem diameter of 5 cm height, plant height, top dry matter, soil and leaves chemical analysis for each treatment combination. In the first experiment, baru seedlings presented positive response to addition of traditional chemical fertilizers (rates D1 and D2) and slow release (ALL). Organic manure improved growth of seedlings with the addition of 20% and 30% cattle manure, however there was no difference between two rates. All treatments tested permitted production of seedlings of good quality for commercial sale and planting in the field, except of control treatment without fertilization (E0%+D0) and which received only 10% cattle manure with addition of subsoil (E10%+D0). Organic manure (20% cattle manure) and mineral fertilizers (D1, D2 and ALL) increased fertility of the substrate and leaf concentrations of N, P, K, S and Zn. In the experiments 1 and 4, seedlings presented positive growth to cattle manure incorporated in the subsoil, rate 20% better than rate 10%. Incorporation of cattle manure in the subsoil in the dose of 20%, supplied adequate fertilization in the substrate and foliar nutrition for growth and mineral nutrition of baru seedlings. In the presence of cattle manure incorporated in the subsoil in the 10 and 20% rates, seedling growth response was negative with the addition of potassium and there was no response with the addition of lime and phosphorus. Nitrogen topdressing monthly gave positive response to growth and height, stem diameter, top dry weight, when applied after incorporation of cattle manure in the subsoil in the dose of 10%, but response was positive in relation to height with rate of 20% cattle manure.Item Avaliação geoecológica do processo de fragmentação dos remanescentes de cerrado na sub-bacia do rio das Garças (MT)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-28) SIQUEIRA, Mariana Nascimento; CASTRO, Selma Simões de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4460827622247417Item Comportamento ecofisiológico de espécies arbóreas nativas do Cerrado e exóticas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-01-17) SOUZA, Cynthia Domingues de; PORTES, Tómas de Aquino; Tómas de Aquino PortesIt was used the "transpirometer of balance" for planting of five tree species to evaluate the physiological behaviour regarding: total transpiration, stomatal conductance and transpiration leaf, growth, partition of phytomass, study the fluorescence of chlorophyll a e anatomical study of leaves of the species : Tabebuia serratifolia Nichols (Ipê yellow), Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. Ex Hayne (Jatobá), Myroxilum balsamum (Linn) Harms (Balsamo), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn and Eucalyptus citriodora Hook (eucalyptus). The equipment consisted of a hydraulic system, composed of three elements: a reservoir of water (R1), another with a buoy (R2) to control the level of water in vessels (V) where the tree species were planted. The soil was analyzed by LASF / UFG-AGRO. It recommended, for pot, dolomitic lime (50g) and 88g of NPK (4-14-8). This study is subdivided parcels of split plot in time (split-plot in time), at a significance level of 5%, analyzed by SAS / STAT. E. camaldulensis and E. citriodora showed similar transpiration. Ipê, jatobá and balsamo showed no significant difference between them. The porometric measures suggested that the species obey strict control stomatic, with the closing of the stomates in the light of high evaporative demand of the air, changing the rates transpiration and stomatal conductance along the hours of the day. Evaluations biophysical showed that the growth in height, diameter and leaf area of E. camaldulensis was superior to other species. To partition of biomass, this species showed significant difference in dry stems, leaves and roots. The photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv / Fm) was statistically similar to the species E. citriodora, E. camaldulensis, ipê and balsamo, with a significant difference between the ratio (Fv / Fm), E. camaldulensis and jatobá, suggesting that the jatobá showed greater susceptibility of photosystem II in this experiment because of the high brightness. The study of the anatomy leaf showed that E. camaldulensis and E. citriodora have leaves amphistomatic with stomatestype anomocytic, ipê and balsamo have leaves hypostomatics with stomates anomocytic. Jatobá leaves hypostomatics with paracytic stomates. Given the results, it is suggested that the leaf anatomy influenced the rate transpiration resulting in differences in growth and biomass of partition. Ipê, jatobá and balsamo had more layers of lacunary parenchyma than eucalyptus, adaptive characteristics that allow those species colonize places of lesser brightness. All species showed secretory cavities. The stomatic density estimated average of each species indicated proximity of the values found in sclerophylly plants (100-500/mm ²). This work showed the importance of the physiological responses of the tree species, on the consumption of water, helping in the definition of strategies for management of natural environments, guided information for reflorestations with native and exotic species in the savanna in Goias states.Item Caracterização de frutos e de mudas de mangabeira(Hancornia speciosa Gomes) de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-10-28) VIEIRA, Muza do Carmo; SOUZA, Eli Regina Barboza de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7641431808466123; NAVES, Ronaldo Veloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2740049203016314Mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa) is a fruit tree, native to Brazil and found in various regions of the country, from the Coastal Plains and Southeast. We conducted this study in order to characterize fruits and seedlings in nursery and field mangabeira of different plants and natural areas of occurrence in the Cerrado of the State of Goiás ten areas were selected and each were chosen randomly plants were in full production. These plants were collected up to 12 fruits. Separating samples of five ripe fruit per plant are evaluated the following characteristics: weight, transversal and longitudinal directions, the total number of seeds and the total mass of seeds. Each pulped fruit and seeds washed and dried, separated samples per plant and a subsample of these two seeds were sown in separate tubes and for evaluation of emergency (%) and emergence speed index (ESI) (%). In the nursery, seedlings originated from seeds that were evaluated: length (cm) and number of air p sheets (NPF). Data were collected monthly for each offspring to the tenth evaluation. Ultimately, they separate, and these six plants, three samples per array seedlings were planted in the field at the School of Agronomy and Food Engineering - UFG and three in the Federal Institute Campus Urutaí Goiás-GO and underwent monthly assessments leading into account the diameter (mm) length (cm) and number of pair of sheets. Among matrices test was performed for average, maximum, minimum and coefficient of variation. Means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probabilidde. It was observed that the average fruit weight of mangabeira collection areas in the State of Goiás is 42.7 g, the emergence of the seeds began the 12th day after sowing (DAS), extending to 41; the mean emergence was 55.4% and the average number of days to emergence was 22.64 (DAS), seedlings in nurseries practically stabilize its growth between May and September. The average monthly rate of growth ranged from 0.1 cm (January-February) to 6.1 cm (September-October), with an average rate of 2.19 cm. In the field mangabeira presents a good early growth with monthly increase of 4.8 cm from January to February, 8.1 cm from February to March, closing at 2.1 cm from March to April of 2011 and average final growth of 3.75 cm, for the seedlings in Goiania. In Urutaí monthly increase was 1.0 cm in the months from February to March and - 5 cm from March to April of 2011, with an average of 0.5 cm of growth. It is suggested seedlings between 3 and 4 months to be taken to the field, so that development gains are sustained.