Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução

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A Teoria Neutra pode explicar a diversidade de insetos aquáticos em riachos?
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-04-07) ALMEIDA, Mirian Cristina de; MARCO JÚNIOR, Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648
The generality of Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography was evaluated across its support for diversity structure of Odonata adults and predators, shredders and collectors insect guilds in streams. The evaluation of Neutral Theory was done in two levels of theory s hierarchical structure. One evaluation in the level of yours assumptions, the zero sum assumption, and other in the level of yours predictions to abundance models in communities and metacommunities, ZSM and logseries respectively. The variations predicted to ZSM abundance model, in accordance to dispersal limitation that community are subjected, was evaluated in insect guilds through the streams distance. In Odonata adults the dispersal limitation was evaluated indirectly through regional frequency of species body size. In this case, the ecological equivalence was restricted for body size guilds. Communities of Zygoptera adults have low density and richness within streams. Individuals distribution was grouped, not consistent to linear relation under zero sum assumption. Local abundance of Odonata adults and predators, shredders and collectors guilds didn t fit ZSM model. Geometric series models and logseries models were better in explain the abundance for all groups. Moreover, the occurrence of fit to these models isn t in according to dispersal limitation level that is expected in each region, not supporting the Neutral predictions
Relação entre capacidade de dispersão, tolerância ambiental e tamanho da distribuição geográfica em Artibeus (Mammalia, Chiroptera)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-27) Almeida, Rafaela Gonçalves; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Oliveira, Arthur Angelo Bispo de
The species’ dispersal ability is relate to several ecological processes, such as the establishment of new populations, and may be associated with species responses to environmental changes. However, direct measurements of this parameter are difficult to obtain, so that several studies use morphological data as surrogate of dispersal ability. In this study, we tested whether bat species of the genus Artibeus with greater dispersal ability have greater geographic distribution and tolerance limits. We used morphological data available in the literature, represented by forearm size, body weight, Relative Wing Loading (RWL) and Aspect Ratio (AR). We calculated the geographical range size for species with morphological data available in the literature. We estimated the limits of environmental tolerance through the Outlying Mean Index (OMI), based on the species geographical range and a set of environmental variables. We used Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares models (PGLS) to control the phylogenic effect in our analysis. Species with higher RWL showed higher environmental tolerances, while no morphological measures influenced the geographical range size or the environmental tolerance. High RWL values could facilitate individual’s flight over long distances, exposing them to greater variations in environmental conditions, and leading to an increase in environmental tolerance. The low predictive power of the dispersal ability in relation to the area may be related to the variation of the environmental heterogeneity within the limits of the species distribution. Finally, we emphasize that the RWL can be a good dispersal ability surrogate, as it considers several morphological parameters of the Artibeus’ species.
Análise da comunidade de peixes e da teia trófica de um trecho do rio corrente - go
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-07-18) ALOÍSIO, Gustavo Ribeiro; ANGELINI, Ronaldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739463859587165
In this work, fishes of Corrente river, affluent of Paranaíba River (Paraná basin, Brazil), were studied. Five surveys in the period of June of 2003 had been carried out until June of 2005. The sampling was executed in 8 points distributed in the stream, riverbed and lagoon. In each point had been used a set of gillnets with different mesh size (between 12 and 60mm opposite knots). The nets were inspected in the morning and the end of the day. The results had shown that 8 species were captured and the most abundant specie is Astyanax altiparanae; Shannon-Wienner index demonstrated diversity low; Morisita index indicated that there are high similarity between river, stream and lagoons; all species reproduce in the rainy season with exception of the Brycon nattereri; it is demonstrated the existence of piscivores species, herbivores, insectivores and detritus feeders.
Efeitos diretos e indiretos de características de plantas sobre a similaridade na composição de insetos herbívoros e parasitoides associados à Asteraceae
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-15) Alvarenga, Vinícius Silva de; Almeida Neto, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1000297113793647; Almeida Neto, Mário; Santos, Carolina Moreno dos; Araújo, Walter Santos de
Understanding how interactions between trophic levels structure species composition is one of the main goals of ecological studies. Mechanisms that explain the compositional structure of parasitoid insects usually neglect the direct and indirect effects of plants’ characteristics, which can also determine the compositional structure of their host herbivore insects. In this context, our goal was to evaluate how plants’ characteristics (abundance, floral phenology, and phylogenetic distance) and herbivores’ compositional similarity determine parasitoids’ compositional similarity. As study system, we used Asteraceae species, flower-head feeding insects, and parasitoids. Using path analysis, we considered parasitoids and herbivores’ similarities, in qualitative (Sørensen similarity), quantitative (Bray-Curtis similarity), and phylogenetic proximity (taxonomic Sørensen similarity) terms. In general, we demonstrated that herbivores’ similarity is the major predictor of parasitoids’ similarity. Even though the effects of plants’ characteristics explained the smallest part of the variation in parasitoids’ similarity, these characteristics had inconsistent relative importance among the similarity indexes used here. Thus, our results indicate that although plant species constitute a potential additional barrier for the parasitoids of endophagous herbivores to find their insect hosts, herbivore parasitoids in flower heads of Asteraceae do not see the plant species in this way. The parasitoids respond mainly to the compositional variation of their insect hosts in the plant species that the latter consume. Therefore, we show how the composition of the upper trophic levels in this tri-trophic system is structured directly and indirectly by antagonistic interactions.
A dinâmica do fitoplâncton em uma várzea Amazônica variações sazonal e nictimeral (Várzea do Lago Grande de Curuai Pará, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-03-28) ALVES, Carla Patrícia Pereira; NOGUEIRA, Ina de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3877834258990173
The river-floodplain systems are environments submitted a lateral overflow of river channel due the rains and/or underground waters. They are controlled by the type of climate, morphology and local effects. The lowland lakes are also highly productive because of the rich sources of primary carbon. The sediments transport and suspended and dissolved matter are done by the rivers between the land and aquatic phases. These phases strongly influence nutrient cycling, primary and secondary production and decomposition. The phytoplankton dynamics in tropical floodplain lakes is as variable as the seasonal and isolation patterns of flooding. For this reason, the aims of this work were i) to assess the rotation influence of potamophase and limnophase upon the phytoplankton of the Curuai Lake (PA, Brazil) and about the connectivity between other lakes, and ii) to evaluate the phytoplankton dynamics in a nictemeral cycling related to changes in CO2 in water, and what phytoplankton groups which were most important in this process. The phytoplankton community and environmental variables of the floodplain lakes of the Curuai Lake were sampled in the potamophase and limnophase (2009) and in a nictemeral cycling (2010). The informations summarized were obtained through the principal component analysis (PCA), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), redundancy analysis (RDA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS). The community structure was different among the periods with greater richness, density and phytoplanktonic biovolume in limnophase. There was predominance of Cryptophyceae (mainly Cryptomonas brasiliensis Castro, Bicudo & Bicudo) in potamophase and Cyanophyceae [Dolichospermum circinalis (formerly Anabaena circinalis) (Rabenh. ex Bornet et Flah.) Wacklin et al.] in limnophase, both influenced by environmental variables. In addition, the high phytoplanktonic biomass was favored by the highs temperatures and also responsible by the CO2 depletion in water caused by photosynthesis, which is reflected for the high carbon content in phytoplankton organisms. Despite the entry of water in the floodplain that connects the lakes, these environmental were distinct in relation a phytoplankton composition and a limnological variables. The phytoplanktonic community in Curuai Lake showed daily variation of biovolume because of high temperature and light availability. The development of persistent cyanobacteria bloom, with species predominance of Dolichospermum genius [functional group H1, D. spiroides (formerly A. spiroides) (Klebahn) Wacklin et al.] and Microcystis protocystis Crow (functional group M) caused the CO2 depletion in lake surface layer during the period of increased photosynthesis. The cyanobacteria bloom occurred mainly due to the attributes of group, which became it expressive competitors in relation another microalgae ones.
O impacto da síndrome do nariz-branco no estado de conservação dos morcegos norte-americanos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-12-18) Alves, Davi Mello Cunha Crescente; Brito, Daniel
The White-Nose syndrome is an emergent infectious disease that had already killed almost six millions North American bats and spread more than two thousand kilometers. Even so, studies about their possible impacts upon hosts are still lacking, principally upon all the susceptible North American bats. We predicted the consequences of the WNS spread in the North American hosts by generating an environmental suitability map for the disease, and then, we overlaid with the extension of occurrence of all hibernating bats in North America. We assumed that all intersection localities will somehow negatively affect bat’s local populations, and we reassessed their conservation status based on their potential population reduction. 16% of the North American hibernating bat fauna were considered threatened under this WNS potential spread. We believe our results could contribute with governments conservation actions.
Populações de Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura, Hylidae) de ambientes urbanos e rurais diferem em relação às vocalizações, morfometria e aos tamanhos populacionais?
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-28) Amaral, Ivan Borel; Bastos, Rogério Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6015137404238990
In recent years, population declines of amphibians have been observed in different parts of the world. The process of fragmentation and destruction of habitats is considered the most threat to this diversity. Urbanization reduces species richness at assemblage of amphibian reproduction. Due to amphibians require a modest area for survival, some species can thrive in urban fragments. But small population sizes and isolation can cause the loss of genetic diversity and the extinction local. The advertisement calls are the most common vocalizations in anurans that primarily have the function to attract females and secondarily, serve to mediate aggressive interactions between males. For many species, individual reproductive success is directly proportional to the effort put in the corner. The variation between populations may be related to local adaptation, resource availability and reduced gene flow. This study aimed to test the following hypotheses: ( 1 ) Due to the effects of fragmentation and habitat destruction and urbanization , population sizes of Hypsiboas albopunctatus urban parks are smaller than the population size of rural populations , (2 ) There are differences morphometric H. albopunctatus between rural and urban environments , and ( 3 ) Due to the change of social structure as a function of fragmentation and influence of urban noise , there are differences in vocalizations of H. albopunctatus between rural and urban environments . The H. albopunctatus populations of urban and rural environments differ in population size , the body size and characteristics of the advertisement call. Urban populations were smaller than those of the rural environment. The results showed that populations are lower in smaller and changed urban fragments . Urban populations had a lower repetition rate of notes compared to rural environment . This fact may be related mainly to reduced population sizes and consequent behavioral change and structure of choirs of urban environments. It is unreasonable to reject the hypothesis that the sounds of car engines may influence the acoustic parameters of the corners of H. albopunctatus in urban environment. The population of H. albopunctatus Zoo vocalised in higher frequency bands and acoustic variable that is inversely related to body size of individuals as in other anurans. The population of this fragment was the one that differed from all others in both acoustic as morphometric characteristics. These results support the hypothesis that there are differences in the characteristics of the advertisement calls of Hypsiboas albopunctatus between rural and urban environments. The population of P. M. Jardim Botânico was the most distanced itself from the other urban populations in both acoustic and morphometric characteristics as the population size. This population was the most resembled the population characteristics of the rural environment. A same species of amphibian populations may have considerably differences in population structure, morphological and behavioral characteristics due to the fact that some are under the influence of the urban environment and other rural environment. The planning for the conservation of such populations requires more refined analysis that takes into account the aspects of ecological, behavioral and adaptive responses of this species in their specific environment.
Estimativa da vulnerabilidade dos corais brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-26) Andrade, André Felipe Alves de; De Marco Junior, Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648
Coral reefs are of extreme importance to both nature and society, due to being responsible for several services and harbouring hundreds of species. Despite such critical importance, reef corals current suffered heavy losses since the Anthropocene, with 20% of world´s corals damaged beyond recovery due to human pressure and coastal development. This scenario is even worse, since corals are especially vulnerable to climate change and the entire ecosystem could go extinct by 2050. In this study we focus on comparing the already established impacts from human development and the yet happen losses from climate change on Brazilian corals, a unique fauna that still have gaps in knowledge. We created environmental suitability models for 24 species and quantified individual losses from both climate change and human activities. From the individual results we derived an overall pattern, in which we found out that future losses from climate alteration are equivalent to current losses from human activities. We then used the spatial distribution of those activities and key areas for conservation, determined with software Zonation, to select six areas in the Brazilian exclusive economic zone where proactive and reactive conservation strategies should be implanted, given its importance to biodiversity and concentrated anthropogenic impacts. Overall suitability losses were of approximately 30% for both sources and 60% of the areas will continue to be suitable in the future. Therefore, Brazilian corals will experience heavy losses from climate, especially the loss of highly suitable areas, which are compared to effects from human economic activities. Coral situation is likely to be even worse, if we were to consider bleaching, ocean acidification and diseases, events expected to increase with the rising temperature.
Estimativa do valor de não-uso dos recursos naturais da planície de inundação do Rio Araguaia
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-03-25) ANGELO, Priscila Garcia; CARVALHO, Adriana Rosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1951710128353552
Economic valuation through willingness to pay method has the assumption that tourists personal features, preferences and opinions concerning to the environment affect their willingness to pay by conservation of the area visited. The aim of this study were estimate the non-use value of Araguaia River through willingness to pay method and obtain its total economic-ecologic value, testing the hypothesis that tourist willingness to pay is influenced by personal features, preferences and opinions. From two hundred and one tourists interviewed the majority were married men, with mean age of 35 years (s.d. = +10), high instruction degree and monthly income of R$1.500,00 (s.d. = +424,26). The environmental service valuated was Araguaia River´s scenic beauty to which majority of tourists do not have substitutes (51%) despite the use of mainly the river, the beach and fishes. However tourists are not aware of existence, function and localization of Araguaia River floodplain (72%) despite majority recognize about Fishban (63%) influenced by recreational fishing activity (r = 0,98) and comprehension of fishes use as resource (r = 0,98). The note attributed to environment by interviewed (p = 0,02) determined that majority (79%) pay US$4.3/month (R$10,00/month) to hypothetic foundation for Araguaia River existence (54%) and for future generations pleasure (22%). However the interviewed expressed protest bids mainly for economic reasons (35%) and due to conservation programs disbelieve (25%). The non-use value estimated was US$27,2 millions/year (R$62.9 millions/year) and the total economic-ecologic value was US$7,5 billions/year (R$17.3 billions/year). The theoretical present value at a discounting rate of 5.4%/year to the next five years was US$9,6 millions (R$22.2 millions) and represent the loss in economic-ecologic benefits associated to the risk of variation in economy and in the quality of resource available due to inadequate use. Therefore the integrity of Araguaia River has high economic value associated to non use value and negative environmental impacts from its degradation could generate economic loss which could be reflected in the total ecological economic value as well as in the importance attributed by the users.
Macroecologia, MEM, macroinvertebrados, hipótese água-energia, teoria neutra
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-04-06) Araújo, Carlos Roberto Marques; De Marco Júnior, Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; Marco Júnior, Paulo De; Melo, Adriano Sanches; Santos, Raphael Ligeiro Barroso
The biodiversity have a heterogeneous distribution along the globe. Available area, energy, evolutional and historical processes, spatial and/or temporal heterogeneity are some of the processes raised to explain those variation on species richness. On this study we tested the following hypothesis, or the combination between them to explain the richness of stream’s aquatic insects. The hypotheses were: (i) Energy, (ii) Water-energy, (iii) Temporal climatic heterogeneity, (iv) Terrestrial primary productivity and (v) Area. We used genus richness of aquatic insects from all South America, this data was retrieved from papers published on periodic with editorial board. We used Ordinary Least square models, and then choose the best model using the Akaike Information Criterion. Our results support the idea that models with multiples hypothesis are more effective when compared to single hypothesis models. The best multi-model utilized the hypotheses Water-Energy, Primary Productivity and Temporal Climatic Heterogeneity. Our models were impaired by the lack of comprehensiveness data, however we could conclude that the Water-Energy was the most robust hypothesis to explain the richness distribution of stream’s aquatic insects.
Efeito de distúrbio causado pelo despejo de efluente orgânico sobre a comunidade de insetos aquáticos
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-04-28) ARAÚJO, Cecília Santiago do Carmo; CARVALHO, Adriana Rosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1951710128353552
Among several environmental impacts caused by human activities, the release of domestic and industrial effluents has been major disturbances that cause degradation of water quality in natural systems by altering their physical, chemical and biological features. For this reason, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of discharging organic waste from five Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) on abundance, richness and composition of aquatic insect fauna present in streams receiving sewage, in addition to test the hypotheses that i) disturbance caused by the discharge of effluents from STP alters the abundance of some groups of aquatic insects in the site downstream when compared to the upstream of site and ii) the taxonomic composition of the downstream impact of STPs is modified by the presence of resistant taxa.Thus, the sampling of aquatic insects and measures of some limnological variable was carried out during the drought of 2010, with the Surber sampler, 100m upstream and 100m downstream from the effluent discharge. Chironomidae and EPT larvaes (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) were identified to genus. To test the hypothesis, a paired t test was performed with logarithmic data of total abundance, a paired t test with the richness of taxa identified at family and genus level. To evaluate the composition of the taxa sampled in two parts in relation to environmental variables were carried out two CCA separately, one with the taxa of Chironomids and one with the EPT. The results showed that abundances recorded downstream (μ = 4523.8 ± 2578.9) was higher than that recorded upstream (μ = 863.4 ± 508.4) on all STP. The results of paired t test using values of total abundance of taxa showed significant differences between upstream and downstream (paired t test: t = 4.21, d.f. = 4, p = 0.01), indicating the elimination of sensitive taxa and the increase abundance of dominant taxa, favored by the physical and chemical changes of water, such as Chironomus, resistant to high concentrations of organic debris. Both genera richness (paired t test: t = 0.791, d.f. = 4, p = 0.473) as the families (paired t test: t = 1.537, df = 4, p = 0.199) were not different in two sites, showing that this indicator is not the most appropriate in cases in which there is replacement of taxa.The ordinations produced by the CCAs were complementary, confirming the replacement of taxa between upstream and downstream, where larvaes like Farrodes, Tricorythodes, Alisotrichia and Mortoniella were favored by more oxygenated water. Thus, it was evident that the organic sewage discharge by STP modified the community structure of aquatic insects found in streams increasing the abundance, altering the dominance order and causing replacement of taxa between upstream and downstream
Estrutura do habitat influencia a tolerância climática e frequênc ia dominante do canto de anúncio do gênero Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae)?
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-05-30) Araújo, Deusivan Martins de; Gouveia, Sidney Feitosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0211989117783560; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2116561844584292; Maciel, Natan Medeiros; Nomura, Fausto; Jardim, Lucas Lacerda Caldas Zanini
The biological evolution occurs over time with the selection of the attributes that most favor the species, and can be influenced, for example, by the structural characteristics of the habitat. These structures affect local climatic conditions, as well as acoustic signals used by organisms such as frogs. Moreover, body size also influences the association between habitat structure and climatic conditions and sound signals. Thus, this study evaluated how climate tolerance and the dominant frequency of the advertisement call are affected by the habitat in the genus Rhinella, which presents species of toads exclusive to open and forested areas. The prediction was that in open areas there would be a pattern of species with smaller body sizes, with greater climatic tolerance and dominant frequency when compared to the species of forested areas. Habitat type, dominant frequency and body size data were obtained from published studies, while the climate tolerance was generated by the OMI (Outlying Mean Index). The inferences were made using a pathphylogenetic analysis evaluating the direct effect of habitat and the association of body size on climate tolerance and dominant frequency. The climatic tolerance among Rhinella species was independent of phylogenetic relationships (λ = 0) and habitat (R² = 0.08, P = 0.28). The dominant frequency of advertisement call is associated with habitat (R² = 0.19, P = 0.04), which indirectly together with body size account for 18% of the acoustic parameter variation in the habitat. Thus, the size of the body and the dominant frequency in the genus Rhinella are attributes that vary in association with their habitats.
Padrões de diversidade de insetos galhadores no Cerrado: a importância da comunidade de plantas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-02-16) ARAÚJO, Walter Santos de; SANTOS, Claudia Scareli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3000305136161931; GUILHERME, Frederico Augusto Guimaraes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6514433986706275
The idea that host plants influence the richness of galling is widespread and has several approaches in literature. Many of these approaches take into account the hosts richness, the density of vegetation, plant species composition and architecture of plants, as factors that influence the diversity patterns of gall-inducing insects. In this study we investigated the importance of structure, richness and community composition of plants to the distribution of galling. Inventories on the diversity of gall morphotypes and host plants were conducted in various areas of the Brazilian Cerrado, in the states of Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais and Tocantins. Altogether we sampled 1882 plants belonging to 131 species and 43 plant families, among which 64 species (48.8%) and 31 families (72.1%) had galling. We recorded 112 species of galling that occurred mainly in Vochysiaceae (with 19 species), followed by Fabaceae and Malpighiaceae (with 13 and 12 species respectively). Were recorded five genera and 13 species of plants, considered as a super-host of galling. These taxa housed together 45 morphotypes of gall, which represents 40% of the total diversity sampled. The genus Qualea (Vochysiaceae) alone sheltered 18 morphotypes of gall. No specific level Qualea parviflora was the species with the greatest richness of gall (eight types). At the structural level, the vegetal cover hypothesis was the best predictor of the richness of galling, explaining 45%. We also find results which show that factors such as the density and architecture of plants positively influenced the diversity of galling. The richness of plant species and plant community composition were also important for the distribution of galling. For example, where the super-host taxa were present occurred two times more galls than where they were absent. Our results indicate that both the structure and the richness and composition of the flora influenced the diversity of galling. Thus, the results provide an expanding knowledge of the diversity of gallinducing insects, under the botanical point of view.
Estrutura e riqueza de hepáticas (Marchantiophyta) epifíticas em áreas fragmentadas de Cerrado com borda natural e antrópica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-06-08) ASSAD, Lailah Luvizoto; GUILHERME, Frederico Augusto Guimaraes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6514433986706275
The damage caused by the proliferation of edge in forest cover, referred to as edge effects are extensive, may occur over large spatial scales influencing species composition, structure and ecological processes in boundaries of ecosystems. However, studies have shown highly variable response patterns of the taxonomic group studied in relation to the landscape. In this context, bryophytes are an ideal group for assessing the impacts of habitat fragmentation because of their sensitivity to changes in microclimate resulting from the loss and degradation of habitats. This study aimed to assess how the communities from epiphytes liverworts (Marchantiophyta) respond to forest edges originated of anthropogenic fragmentation and the natural edges in the grassland-forest transitions in the Cerrado. The study areas are located in the Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas and in surroundings, including Caldas Novas and Rio Quente cities, state of Goiás. We sampled three habitat types: (1) forest valleys on the slopes of the mountain with abrupt transitions to rocky fields, (2) edge (0 to 10 m) and (3) interior (100 to 110 m) of semideciduous forest fragments surrounded by a matrix of grass. These were the three treatments considered in the analysis, designated for: BN (natural edge), BA (anthropogenic edge) and IF (interior of the fragment). Four plots (10´10m) were randomly delimited along transects (10´200m) for each treatment in each area. For the sampling in the plots, were selected all trees with perimeter at breast height (PAP) ≥ 20 cm and with minimum coverage of bryophytes of 300cm2. For the quantitative survey of liverworts the interception line method was utilized. Between vegetation parameters, the number of individual trees had positive relationship with richness and abundance in liverworts, whereas basal area had positive relationship with coverage demonstrating the importance of these parameters in liverworts community struture. The richness of liverworts was higher in natural and anthropogenic edges in relation to the interior of the fragments demonstrating that the type of edges do not seem to influence the richness of the liverworts and this increased richness at the edges may be related with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Coverage of liverworts was higher in BN than BA, while the BN had distinct floristic composition of BA and IF, that may reflect the environmental peculiarities (moisture, temperature and solar radiation). The evaluation of edge effects on life forms and preference of habits shows some important trends to understand the responses of the liverworts, mainly due to increased frequency of pendant life-forms with low tolerance to desiccation and higher frequency of epiphytes shadow in natural edges. This indicates that the use of functional groups in monitoring the effects of fragmentation can provide a large generalization for the evaluation of responses the liverworts.
Estudo sobre o comportamento de apetência de diferentes estágios do carrapato Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixoidae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-25) ASSAL, Flávio Ezzeddine El; MARCO JÚNIOR, Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; BORGES, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2591106734434348
This paper evaluates the behavior of appetite expressed in different stages of the ticks Amblyomma cajennense testing the hypothesis that nymphs and adults of this species have strategy of game play while the larvae ambush. To this end, through observations, we sought to describe and propose a classification of appetite expressed by these different stages comparing strategies appetite displayed by different instars of the species with the express adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus on the same environmental conditions. Experimentally, the expressions of these behaviors face of different stimuli (CO2, equine odor, shading, radiant heat, and the 'air control') were evaluated. For this, we collected ticks of the species in horses and dogs naturally infested Center for Zoonosis Control in Goiânia-GO, which were created in rabbits and multiplied in the vivarium of the Center for Veterinary Parasitology, Federal University of Goiás (CPV / UFG ). The ratings of the behaviors that occurred in a room of the Centre -CPV/UFG were held in a glass box with removable cover, having a dozen plastic rods for the expression of search strategies. This glass chamber showed temperature conditions (25 º C + / -3 ° C), relative humidity (80%
Evidências experimentais para a associação entre o nível de relação filogenética e a intensidade de competição entre espécies de gramíneas exóticas e nativa
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-05) AZEVEDO, Rodrigo Carvalho de; PORTES, Tómas de Aquino; Tómas de Aquino Portes; BINI, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079
Biological invasions has been a major threat to whole biomes around the world, affecting communities and ecossistems with consequences to the trophic web. At the same time it is a huge biogeographical experiment that allows the formulation of hypotheses about the rules for communitie assembly. This study tested the hypothesis that the level of phylogenetic relationship is positively correlated with the magnitude of competitive interactions, being stronger for closer species. We used two exotic African species (Panicum maximum and Andropogon gayanus) and a native of South America (Paspalum atratum-focal species) in a partial additive design for the mix of native-exotic, with an increase in density of the exotic. The results showed greater competitive effect on the focal species when in the presence of P. maximum (closer to the focal), suggesting that predictions can be made on potential invasive species based on the Darwin s Naturalization Hypothesys.
Intersecção termodinâmica-ecologia e discussão das bases científicas da agricultura sintrópica
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-26) Baleeiro, André Vinícius Freire; Marco Junior, Paulo De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2767494720646648; El Hani, Charbel Niño; Daud, Rodrigo Damasco; Marco Junior, Paulo De
Syntropic Farming is a type of agriculture that combines practices and principles that reconcile agricultural production and regeneration of forests. Some experiences and publications have tested its agronomic and economic viability besides its environmental benefits, but a very few have approached the theoretical basis that made Ernst Götsch choose the term syntropy (a complementary opposite to entropy) to name this agriculture. This dissertation reviews the scientific literature that addresses the issues raised by the creation of the term "entropy" and the consequences of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. In addition, I analyze the intersection area of Thermodynamics and Ecology, demonstrating the difficulties and potentialities of this interdisciplinary area. Finally, I highlight the coherences between Syntropic Farming and the scientific literature, some methods are pointed out due to their consonance and a hypothesis is launched to test the theoretical propositions of this agriculture.
Overkill, sítios de matança e as evidências de interação homem megafauna na América do Sul
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-12-30) Bampi, Hugo; Ribeiro, Matheus de Souza Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9592727826334407; Ribeiro, Matheus de Souza Lima; Faleiro, Frederico Augusto Martins Valtuille; Terribile, Levi Carina
During the end of the Quaternary, humans exploited (hunting/scavenging) megafauna across the Americas. However, South American (SA) megafauna kill/scavenge sites (MKSSs) have been persistently underestimated or even neglected by researchers, biasing further analyses such as the human impact on megafauna extinctions. Here, we systematically review the evidence of exploitation in the South America, test overkill hypothesis in SA, compare its quantity and quality against exploitation data from North America, and suggest the cause of South American data bias. A total of 18 and 17 SMDMs were found in AS and North America (NA), with 15 and 5 genera explored by humans. South American overkill was not supported by these empirical data. AS is neglected by researchers from the Northern Hemisphere (with an emphasis on North Americans). SA does have quantitative and qualitative data similar to or better than NA on the exploitation of megafauna. We suggest that the reason for this pattern is a linguistic bias (shortage of reading works written in Latin languages by researchers from the northern hemisphere). This dissertation contributed to a greater understanding of humanmegafauna interactions and overkill in the Americas. We emphasize the importance of reducing the linguistic bias to further advance the discussion on the extinction of megafauna in the Quaternary
Resgate evolutivo e adaptação às mudanças climáticas ao longo do Pleistoceno
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Barbosa, Igor Lucien Bione Dardenne; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0706396442417351; Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola; Barberi, Maira; Rangel, Thiago Fernando Lopes Valle De Britto
The world has undergone several climate change events throughout history. Understanding the responses of extant species that underwent these changes is a way to access the strategies used by them on dealing with these changes. Overall, species tend to respond to climate change by dispersing to areas that remain climatically suitable, adapting to the change or becoming extinct. Dispersion to suitable areas is the answer commonly implemented by species and is related to the climatic niche conservatism. Species can also adapt to new climatic conditions through what has been called "evolutionary rescue". In this context, we have Bison bison, a large mammal species, that is well represented in the fossil record and managed to survive the different climatic events that occurred in the past. Here we used an eco-evolutionary approach, combining ecological niche models, niche overlapping methods and evolutionary models, to investigate the different types of responses adopted by Bison bison throughout the transition between the Pleistocene and Holocene to date. Our results showed a pattern of niche conservatism. The species had suitable areas further south of North America, which eventually moved north, following their climatic preferences. Niche overlap methods also indicated that over time the specie's niches tend to become more similar, with values greater than 0.5 for the vast majority of the analyzed intervals. However, despite the niche conservatism pattern, there were points of occurrence outside the climatic envelopes. The evolutionary models showed very low evolutionary rates to these points. When analyzed in the sense of their probability of being rescued, these points proved to be evolutionary viable within the considered parameters. The consistent pattern of niche conservatism and the great adaptive potential shows that, in the analyzed time interval, the species combined different types of strategies that allowed it to persist over time. The framework purposed here allows scientists to systematically analyze the historical dynamics of species distribution as well as its adaptive potential, and can potentially be used in future studies to access several questions in Paleoecology.
Biogeografia da conservação de morcegos no cerrado brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-06-06) Barreto, Bruno de Souza; Bini, Luis Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931860042124079
The units of conservation are main strategy adopted by the rulers to guarantee that the negative effects of the socioeconomic development reach less the biodiversity. recent researches have been trying to outline the problem through reserve selection that seek larger representativeness of the goals of conservation (in general some estimador of the biodiversity as the species) in terms of a smaller number of areas as possible. in the last 50 years the cerrado is going by transformations in their natural landscapes due to the progress of the modern agriculture and of the livestock. due to that, the objective of that work was to define priority areas network for conservation of bats in terms of five conservation sceneries differents. the generated nets were restricted by socioeconomic cost, presence of cave and a cost that considers the previous two cost. the results revealed main features of analyses of complementarity: multiple solutions, flexibility of the nets, and influence of the rarity of the species for the definition of groups starting from the pattern of rarity. the costs were important for definition of nets that avoided as much conflicts of conservation as prioritized the species in areas of cave.

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