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Item Peso, idade e perfil bioquímico, hematológico e hormonal de novilhas Nelore à puberdade(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-07-12) Abud, Lucas Jacomini; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Sereno, José Robson Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0848686465662209; Sereno, José Robson Bezerra; Saturnino, Helton Mattana; Lopes, Dyomar Toledo; Melo, Eduardo de Oliveira; Moura, Maria Ivete deThe age of puberty is a feature of great importance in beef cattle for it allows the anticipation of the reproductive activity of females and increases the productivity of the livestock sector. Anticipation of the puberty is possible due to the influence of environmental and genetic factors on this feature. The interaction of pubertal phisiology with these factors is not fully understood, hindering the application of managements for its reduction. To better understand the puberty physiology in heifers, we studied the involvement of the hormone leptin, leptin receptor gene and biochemical and hematological profiles in the occurrence of puberty. The study was conducted following 56 heifers raised on pasture during 17 months. Blood samples were collected at intervals of two months for biochemical characterization, hematological profiles, and to measure progesterone and leptin concentrations as well as the leptin receptor gene sequence. We observed a correlation between the occurrence of puberty and total protein, globulin, phosphorus, magnesium, alanine fosfatase (ALP), aspartate aminotranferase (AST), the number of red blood cells, hematocrit and platelets. In the present study it was not possible to define the role of biochemical and hematological components with the occurrence of puberty, thus more studies are necessary to better understand this relationship. A better understanding of the involvement of leptin in the pubertal phisiology more detailed study on leptin receptor gene, seeking a reliable molecular marker for sexual precocity, are also necessary.Item Pesquisa de Salmonella sp. em aves criadas em sistema industrial e alternativo(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-13) Alcântara, Juliana Bonifácio de; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Moraes, Dunya Mara Cardoso; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Laboissière, Michele; Marchini, Cristiane Ferreira Prazeres; Silveira Neto, Osvaldo José da; Leandro, Nadja Susana MogycaSalmonella sp. might cause food deseases in humans and it be isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of different animal species, especially birds. In this study, we aimed to point out the main characteristics of non-conventional poultry farm systems at Central and South regions of the State of Goiás and to determine the frequency of Salmonella sp. Isolation in conventional and non-conventional poultry farms, as well as the frequency of positivity for antigen-antibody reaction at non-conventional poultry farms. On paper 1, we studied 190 non-conventional systems of broiler rearing; we collected 3,040 blood and organ samples (heart, liver, crop and cecum) from 760 birds. Rapid Plate Agglutination Test was used for the detection of anti-Salmonella sp. antibodies in blood serum, and conventional bacteriology and biochemistry tests were used for bacterium culture and isolation. Data on the characteristics of the properties were obtained through medical records. The poultry rearing systems were classified as semi-intensive (49.0%) and extensive (42.6%). In these breeding systems, 48.0% were of specific breed free-range chickens and 42.0% of rustic rustic free-range chickens; 74.2% of the farms had commercial purpose. The frequency of properties with chicken seropositive to the anti-Salmonella sp. antigen was 16.3%, and 12.0% of the samples. Salmonella was detected in 4.7% of the properties and the identified serotypes were Anatum, Infantis, Mbandaka, Schwarzengrund and Panama. For Paper 2, we studied 44 flocks of chickens from nine poultry slaughterhouses, three with over 51,000 birds slaughtered/day and six with up to 50,000 birds slaughtered/day. On the slaughter line 1,232 organ samples and feathers were harvested. A total of 21 feather samples and 21 samples of each organ (spleen, crop and cecum) was collected, both of them were analyzed by conventional bacteriology and biochemistry tests. The organ samples were processed in groups of three, in a total of seven samples of each organ. Of the 44 flocks of chickens, 22 were positive for Salmonella. The feathers presented a higher positivity frequency (12.3%). The spleen presented the highest frequently of isolates (8.1%). The frequency of positive samples in both crop and cecum was 3.8%. Among 88 Salmonella isolates, the serovars Schwarzengrund (29.5%), Agona (25.2%), Mbandaka (12.6%), Anantum (8.0%) and Infantis (3.4%) were predominant. In conclusion, the non-conventional designs are characterized as semi-intensive, and use improved lineage of chickens for commercial purposes. Regardless of the levels of contamination, Salmonella sp. is present in chickens from both conventional and non-conventional production systems. The pathogen was identified in greater numbers in chicken organs at conventional farm. In non-conventional breeding samples, Salmonella sp. isolation was low, but the number of seropositive chickens was higher. The serovars identified in samples of both conventional and non-conventional systems were similar, and some of relevance to public health.Item Desempenho produtivo e qualidade da carne de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) submetidas a dietas suplementadas com Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) na fase de terminação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-08-24) Almeida , Pabline Rafaella Mello Bueno de; Castiglioni , Gabriel Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6050198962131737; Paula, Fernanda Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9353071033895125; Lage, Moacir Evandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2053334263459111; Lage , Moacir Evandro; Pádua, Delma Machado Cantisani; Floriano, Luciane Sperandio; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Bueno, Cláudia PeixotoIt was intended to measure the productive performance, economic viability and the quality of the fillets of Nile tilapia supplemented with different levels of Arthrospira platensis in grow-out phase. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks design with split-plots in time (slaughter after 30 and 60 days of suplementation), composed for four treatments (T1: 0%; T2: 1%; T3: 3% e T4: 5% de A. platensis) and four repetitions. Were used 480 tilapia (461.39 g), distributed in 16 boxes. The production performance was evaluated through of survival rate (SR), final weight (FW), biomass (BMf), individual weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), apparent feed conversion (AFC), gutted fish yield (GFY) and the fillet yield (FY) and the biometric hepatosomatic indexes (HI) and the fat viscerosomatic indexes (FVI). The economic viability was verified for partial operating costs (POC), gross revenue (GR), net partial revenue (NPR) and costs incidence (CI). The quality of fillets was verified for centesimal composition, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), shear force, pH, color, fatty acid profile, cholesterol concentration, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups of the proteins. The data were analyzed for the time effect of supply of diets by analysis of variance, followed by the comparison of averages by Tukey and the others inclusion levels of A. platensis by regression to 5% probability. The FW, WG, BMf, SR, FI, AFC, FY, FVI, moisture, lipids and ashes content, WHC, CL, shear force, lightness, ratio n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SFA, atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes, lipid and protein oxidation parameters showed no difference between the supplementation times. The cultivation for 60 days resulted in an elevation of GFY of T1 and muscle protein content of T2, and the reduction of HI of all treatments, pH of T1, a* of T4, b* of T3 and T4, SFA and MUFA of T1 and T2 and cholesterol of T3 fillets. The inclusion of microalgae levels were significant at 60 days for FY, a* and PUFA/SFA, at 30 days for moisture content, CL and trans fatty acids and both periods for POC, CI, NPR and TBARS. The concentrations of n-3 fatty acids were low and the ratios n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SFA of the fillets were similar to those of T1. Although the Arthrospira has characteristics that provide some growth improvement of the animals and the muscular lipid profile and antioxidant action on the lipid and protein fraction of the fillets, generally, these effects were not significant in the productive performance and in the physical-chemical quality and nutritional value of tilapia meats. Many of the parameters evaluated for cyanobacteria treatments were similar to those obtained in the control treatment. In addition, the supplementation of the feed step up too much the expenses of production. Thus, Arthrospira platensis is still an expensive ingredient and the relation costbenefit was low, its inclusion in levels of 1 to 5% in the Nile tilapia feed at the end stage is not advantageous for the activity.Item Tipagem molecular, detecção de genes de virulência e determinação do potencial patogênico de isolados de Escherichia coli de patos (Cairina moschata), perus (Meleagris gallopavo), galinhas (Gallus gallus)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-28) Almeida, Ana Maria de Souza; Rezende, Cintia Silva Minafra e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5841210447886226; Jayme, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Moraes, Dunya Mara Cardoso; Cervi, Renato Clini; Nunes, Iolanda Aparecida; Porto, Regiane Nascimento GagnoThe general objective of this work is to evaluate the phylogenetics and to detect virulence genes from Escherichia coli isolates from different bird species, as well as to investigate their pathogenic potential in fertile broiler eggs. In the present study three experiments were carried out to analyze, in different aspects, E. coli isolates from different bird species. In experiment 1, E. coli isolated from ducks and turkeys were inoculated into broiler chicks one day to evaluate the pathogenicity of the strains. Fifty isolates of E. coli originating from ducks and 50 isolates from turkeys were tested for the genes iss, iucD, papC and tsh, all commonly found in APEC. Of the 100 isolates of E.coli analyzed, 42% (42/100) detected one or more genes and only 14.2% (6/42) had the four genes studied. After PCR, the positive strains were selected for the four genes common to APEC. Three isolates from ducks and three turkeys were purified separately and six inoculants were inoculated at 107 CFU / mL and inoculated via air sac in one - day - old chicks to evaluate the pathogenicity of these six positive isolates for the four genes. The chicks were evaluated twice a day for ten days in relation to mortality rate, clinical signs and macroscopic findings. The challenged chicks presented respiratory signs (sneezing, nasal discharge and rales) and macroscopic lesions such as aerossaculitis, persistence of the yolk sac, pericarditis and exudate in the nasal sinuses. In view of the results, it is concluded that E.coli originating from both ducks and turkeys are potentially pathogenic for day-old challenged cuttlefish chicks. In the experiment 2, embryos of broiler chickens were challenged with E. coli isolates positive for the iss, tsh, papC and iucD genes from hen, broiler, duck and turkey to analyze the pathological and hematological conditions , besides the performance of broiler chickens kept up to 42 days of age. Embryos with 18 days of incubation were challenged, via air chamber, with 0.1 mL of four different inoculants, according to the treatment, (T2 - E.coli of hen chicken, T3 - E.coli of broiler, T4 - E.coli of duck and T5 - E. coli of turkey) with concentration of 107 CFU / mL and with sterile saline solution (T1 - control group). Embryonic and post - hatch mortality rates, clinical signs, hematological alterations, interference of zootechnical performance and macroscopic findings during the incubation period and rearing up to 42 days of life were evaluated. At 14, 28 and 42 days, one bird from each of the four replicates of the five treatments. Regardless of the species of origin, E.coli isolates were not able to cause significant mortality in embryos challenged at 18 days of incubation. At birth and up to 42 days of age, broiler chickens developed respiratory disease, worsened zootechnical performance and there were no significant haematological changes. In the experiment 3, 33 E. coli isolates from ducks, turkeys, chickens and pigeons were evaluated by PFGE and antimicrobial susceptibility test to characterize their respective phylogenetic profiles and susceptibility to antimicrobials commonly used in poultry farming. E. coli originated from ducks, turkeys, chickens and pigeons grouped into a group with 41.1% similarity. Resistance to different antimicrobials tested (ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, neomycin, sulfametazole, sulfonamide, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and chloranfericol) was observed among the 33 isolates of E. coli, mainly tetracyclines, followed by fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides. It is concluded that E.coli originating from birds have different profiles and behaviors.Item Prospecção e caracterização de peptídeos recombinantes miméticos a antígenos totais de herpesvírus bovino 1 por meio de phage display(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-08-24) Almeida, Greyciele Rodrigues de; Brito, Wilia Marta Elsner Diederichsen de; Bataus, Luiz Artur Mendes; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4785339A7; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4700389E3; Souza, Guilherme Rocha Lino de; Fiaccadori, Fabiola Souza; Kipnis, André; Cunha, Paulo Henrique Jorge da; Oliveira, Cairo Henrique Sousa deMember of the Herpesviridae family, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, gender Varicellovirus, the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) has been associated with different clinical conditions (respiratory and genital/reproductive diseases) in cattle. There is no standard procedure to control or prevent infections caused by herpesviruses. In this sense, phage display was used to select new glycoprotein mimotopes antigen of BoHV-1 that has potential for use in vaccines and diagnostics. The phage display technique was performed using a linear random peptide library consisting of 12 amino acid residues fused to the protein III of M13 phage (no peptide) against BoHV-1 specific IgGs, purified by affinity chromatography. After three cycles of selection (biopanning) and amplification, 44 clones were isolated and their amino acid sequences were determined by sequencing generating 16 different sequences. ELISA, demonstrating the efficiency of selection from the specific antibodies, confirmed the reactivity of pooled clones. Another ELISA evaluated the individual specificity of the most frequent clones, the M13 phage was used as a negative control. We selected three peptides (B, C and E) with affinity for anti-BoHV-1 antibodies, and the E peptide (pepE), showed to have potential as antigen for antibody detection in a serological test for BoHV-1. Immunization of rabbits with the peptides induced specific production of serum antibodies, but they were not able do neutralize BoHV-1 cell lysis. The in silico analysis of the dodecapeptide E (1DRALYGPTVIDH12) enabled the identification of a new discontinuous epitope on the envelope glycoprotein B (gB Env) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1). There is a short motif (338YKRD341) within a region of the env gB BoHV-1 with high similarity to motifs shared by dodecapeptide the N-terminal region (5YxARD1) of gB and HSV-1 (326YARD329), wherein the 328Arg residue is described as a target for neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for HSV-1 gB. Besides the characterization of an antibody-binding site of the BoHV-1 Env gB, we have demonstrated that the phage-fused peptide has potential use as a reagent for virus diagnosis by phage-ELISA assay, discriminating BoHV-1 positive serum samples from negative ones.Item Fatores de risco para mastite bovina e avaliação fenotípica de resistência antimicrobiana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-02-28) Almeida, Thamara Venâncio de; Cordeiro, Clarice Gebara Muraro Serrate; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5073363015303780; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4582215859105753; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9601723963736071; Nicolau, Edmar Soares; Alves, Fernanda Antunha de Freitas; Souza, Fernando Nogueira de; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Silva, Marco Antônio Pereira daBovine mastitis is the most common disease that causes the most economic losses in dairy herds around the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for subclinical mastitis in dairy herds in the State of Goiás, to identify the gram-positive microorganisms that cause mastitis, as well as their antimicrobial resistance. Milk samples were collected from 1,034 lactating cows from 27 dairy farms located in the State of Goiás and analyzes of somatic cell count (SCC), bacterial examination and antimicrobial sensitivity test were performed. A checklist was applied to each participating property to obtain data on the animals, the properties and the hygienic and sanitary management of the herds. Risk factors for mastitis were assessed using a mixed generalized linear model. Of the 27 properties, 11 (40.74%) had SCC of the tank above 500,000 cells/mL, therefore above the maximum limit established by Brazilian legislation. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in herds (SCC> 200,000 cells / mL) was 54.93%. The main risk factors associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows were old age, pendulous udder and advanced lactation stage. 216 microorganisms were identified, gram-positive cocci. Staphylococcus spp. (53.10%), particularly S. aureus (30.09%), stood out as one of the most common agents involved in the etiology of bovine subclinical mastitis, followed by Streptococcus spp. (22.12%) and Enterococcus sp. (16.81%). The highest rates of antimicrobial resistance were Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin (76%) and ampicillin (74%), Streptococcus spp. to neomycin (65.08%), gentamicin (46.03) and tetracycline (43.66%) and Enterococcus spp. tetracycline (52.38%). Isolates of Streptococcus spp. multiresistant (18.06%).Item Perfil bioquímico sérico e do fluido folicular e qualidade ovocitária em vacas leiteiras durante o pós-parto no verão e inverno(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-01-24) Alves, Bênner Geraldo; Filho, Benedito Dias de Oliveira; Jacomini, José Octavio; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701; Meirinhos, Maria Lúcia Gambarini; Lopes, Dyomar Toledo; Santos, Klayto José Gonçalves dos; Viu, Marco Antônio de Oliveira; Dias Filho, Francisco de CarvalhoConsiderável número de publicações têm reportado o declínio da eficiência reprodutiva em vacas leiteiras e existem evidências de associação entre alta produção de leite com distúrbios reprodutivos, predisposição para o balanço energético negativo (BEN) e qualidade inferior do ovócito. Outro fator que contribui para a baixa fertilidade é o estresse térmico (ET), que associado à elevada produção de calor metabólico, torna a vaca lactante mais susceptível aos seus efeitos. No Brasil, a raça Girolando evoluiu zootecnicamente nas últimas décadas e sua maior capacidade de adaptação às condições ambientais, tem se mostrado uma alternativa interessante para a produção de leite nos trópicos. No entanto, até o momento nenhum estudo abordou os efeitos do BEN e do ET sobre o perfil metabólico e do fluido folicular de folículos dominantes, a dinâmica folicular e a qualidade dos ovócitos durante a lactação em diferentes estações do ano, logo o entendimento destes parâmetros torna-se de fundamental importância para avaliação do potencial produtivo da raça. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que os desafios BEN e ET no início da lactação diminuem o escore de condição corporal e alteram as concentrações séricas e foliculares de diversos metabólitos, indicando que tais mudanças são refletidas no ambiente folicular de folículos dominantes podendo comprometer a qualidade do ovócito e das células da granulosa. Além disso, os dados revelam que variáveis clínicas e meteorológicas podem influenciar a foliculogênese, a dominância folicular e a qualidade ovocitária. Dessa forma, esses resultados são importantes para o entendimento da patogênese da subfertilidade que acomete bovinos leiteiros durante o pós-parto e sob condições ambientais desfavoráveis.Item Programa de biossegurança em laboratório oficial de análise e diagnóstico veterinário de Goiânia, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-06-27) Alves, Cláudia Bueno; Jayme , Valéria de Sá; Damasceno, Adilson Donizeti; Silva, Olízio Claudino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7787082855013504; Silva, Olízio Claudino da; Coelho, Karine Oliveira; Melo, Camila Silveira; Marra, Kelly NobreBiosafety can be defined as the actions taken to prevent, reduce or eliminate risks inherent in activities that could endanger human health and the environment. Especially on veterinary environments, there is not much information on the subject. Moreover, the habit of neglecting the adoption of containment measures is not uncommon, which can exacerbate the potential hazards present. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the types of risks present in each section of the laboratory, prepare risk maps with graphical representations of intensity and types of risks, disclose these maps to workers as well as to recognize the types of waste generated in the laboratory and the management adopted to the wastes to elaborate and implement a Waste Management Plan. The study was conducted at an official laboratory for veterinary diagnosis from October, 2013 to March, 2014. In this research, a check list was conducted based on the current legislation on good laboratory practices, risk mapping and waste management. The results showed that all risks and degrees of intensity were present in the laboratory with predominance of biological risk, which had severe intensity in most departments. On the other hand, chemical risk was the least frequent, although it showed the highest coefficient of variation. Regarding intensity, the highest and the lowest amount of riskwere observed in the departments of microbiological diagnosis and equine infectious anemia, respectively. As for waste management, failures were observed in all stages, especially segregation, internal transportation, handling and temporary storage, despite the generation of all types of RSS, but radioactive waste. The risk assessment in the laboratory facilities contributed to the preparation of risk maps in each sector, representing the potential hazards identified and containment measures recommended. Furthermore, a waste management plan was developed and implemented, seeking correction of nonconformities observed and, consequently, minimizing workers exposure to hazards present in the laboratory. With this study, it was possible to evidence that the physical structure as well as material and human resources influence directly the success of a biosafety plan. Thus, it is essential the adoption of a continuing education program to maintain the adherence to preventive measures indicated to minimize risks in the laboratory studied.Item Avaliação da densidade folicular e de estratégias para otimizar a obtenção de folículos pré-antrais equinos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-12-17) Alves, Kele Amaral; Oliveira Filho, Benedito Dias de; Jacomini, José Octavio; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; Meirinhos, Maria Lúcia Gambarini; Gastal, Eduardo Leite; Oña, Cely Marini Melo e; Oliveira, Rodrigo Arruda de; Porto, Regiani Nascimento GagnoStudies with equine preantral follicles are scarce and the follicular dynamics features remain unclear. The mare’s ovarian function (e.g., folliculogenesis) has similarities with woman’s cycle and based on these aspects, this species can be considered an animal model for comparative studies and techniques with preantral follicles to preserve female fertility. The purpose of the first project was to determine methodologies that might speed up the process of histological evaluation of preantral follicle population. On the second project, we evaluated the follicular population features considering the follicular density factor by means of a mathematical model, to determine the appropriate experimental design to estimate the follicular density in ovarian fragments. The third project, analyzed the effects of reproductive phases, ovary, and ovarian structures on the quality, classification, follicular and cellular densities in ovarian fragments. The results allowed an establishment of the best thickness of histological sections and the ideal number of fragments and sections to estimate the equine preantral follicle density. Furthermore, it was observed a low follicular density associated with a high heterogeneity within and among animals. Moreover, we demonstrated the best scenario (diestrous phase with the presence of a functional corpus luteum) to collect ovarian fragments with higher follicular and cellular densities. In summary, this study demonstrated: (i) advance on the knowledge of equine follicular dynamic on the preantral phase; (ii) the concept of the mare as an animal model to study the reproductive challenges on woman; and (iii) provided basic information for future biotechnology research with the aim to preserve or improve the reproductive capability as cryopreservation, in vitro culture, and transplants of ovarian tissue.Item Estratégias nutricionais para novilhos mestiços de origem leiteira para produção de carne(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-05-23) Alves, Verônica Auxiliadora; Padua, João Teodoro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0308044304591375; Padua, Teodoro Padua; Silva, Rodrigo Medeiros da; Oliveira Júnior, Reinaldo Cunha de; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; Lima, Milton Luiz MoreiraThe objective of this study was to evaluate strategies for the use of these animals for meat production. The influence of concentrate levels in the finishing diet on the productive performance and the carcass characteristics of crossbred dairy cattle, growing on pasture with two levels of energetic supplementation was evaluated. 39 non-castrated, crossbred dairy steers were used. The behavior of these animals during the confinement was also evaluated. The growing was conducted on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu under two supplementation strategies based on milled corn grain and mineral supplement until the dry season of the year. The animals showed at the beginning of the trial confinement, age and average body weight of 23 months and 417.7 ± 5.7 kg, respectively. The treatments were randomized amongst the animals: 0.7% supplementation in growing and 60 % of concentrate in the confinement diet; 0.7% supplementation in growing and 90 % of concentrate in the confinement diet; 1.2% supplementation in growing and 60 % of concentrate in the confinement diet; and 1.2% supplementation in growing and 90 % of concentrate in the confinement diet. Statistical analyzes were conducted according to a completely randomized design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement through the computer program SAS (1997). Supplementation with 1.2% of body weight during growth results in a higher initial weight at the beginning of the confinement and improves the quantitative carcass characteristics of crossbred dairy steers. The supplementation with 0.7% of body weight may result in compensatory gains during finishing, resulting in increased average daily gain of crossbred dairy steers. Qualitative characteristics of meat from crossbred dairy steers are not influenced by levels of 60% or 90% of concentrate at finishing, when the slaughter weight is predetermined. Nutritional strategies do not influence the profile of longissimus dorsi fatty acids from crossbred dairy steers finished in confinement. The inclusion of higher levels of concentrate in the diet decreases the time that animals intend for food consumption and ruminating and increases the resting time. These alterations in the ingestive behavior, however, are not sufficient to interfere in the food consumption.Item Levobupivacaína, ropivacaína ou lidocaína na anestesia palpebral em equinos: avaliação da pressão intra-ocular, da produção lacrimal e da eficácia do bloqueio anestésico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-26) AMARAL, Andréia Vitor Couto do; SILVA, Luiz Antônio Franco da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0446055905975647; CHAVES, Nilo Sérgio Troncoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9218281815823682Corneal anesthesia is required in order to evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) and eyelid blockades may also be necessary, using local anesthetic agents in horses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the IOP and the corneal touch threshold (CTT) at the central area of the cornea, after eyelid blockades with anesthetic 0.75% ropivacaine, 0.75% levobupivacaine and 2% lidocaine. Nine adult female animals of undefined breed horses, which received 2.0 ml of anesthetic for supraorbitary blockade and 2.5 ml for auriculopalpebral blockagde. All animals were anesthetized with the three anesthetic drugs, with an interval period of seven days between drugs, performing a Latin square 3x3x3. The IOP and CTT were measured before and 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 minutes after the blockades. The PIO was maintained within the limits considered normal in all three anesthetic drug groups evaluated. After 10 minutes, there was significantly CTT values decrease for all three anesthetics. The recovery time of CTT was higher in 30 the animals anesthetized with lidocaine than those anesthetized with levobupivacaine and ropivacaineItem Inoculação de salmonella enterica subespecie enterica sorovar enteritidis fagotipo 4 em ovos embrionados de duas linhagens de frango de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2005-09-16) Andradae, Maria Auxiliadora; Stringhini, José Henrique; Brito, Luiz Augusto Batista; Mesquita, Albenones José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3180029815183858; Mesquita, Albenones José de; Moraes, Sandra Regina Pires de; Meireles, Marcelo Vasconcelos; Jayme, Valéria de SáTwo experiments were carried out to evaluate the use of quaternary ammonia on Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated in eggshell and its penetration capacities, verify the ability to infect the egg inoculated in eggshell, determine embryo mortality, infect hatched chicks and affect incubation parameters of two broiler lines. A total of 302 and 290 fertile eggs of Ross and ISA Label, respectively, were distributed in six treatments: eggs sanitized with placebo (Treatment 1- PC) quaternary ammonia inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 2-PI); eggs non-sanitized and inoculated placebo (Treatment 3- NPC) with Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 4- NPI); eggs inoculated in allantoidal cavity with placebo (Treatment 5-CAC) or Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 6- CAI). Immediately after inoculation, the eggs were hatched and embryo mortality was evaluated after 96, 432 and 528 hours. The qualitative results were analyzed by non-parametric tests of chi-square and Kruskall-Wallis. The incubation parameters were not affected when the pathogen was inoculated in eggshell. It was observed that Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated in allantoidal cavity determined late embryo mortality in fast 17,02% and slow growing 13,04% lines, and eggs inoculated in allantoidal cavity originated chicks with high frequency of intestinal colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis of 76,67% and 26,67% Ross and ISA Label, respective.Item Inoculação de Salmonella enterica subespécie enterica sorovar enteritidis fagotipo 4 em ovos embrionados de duas linhagens de frango de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-09-16) Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Mesquita, Albenones José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3180029815183858; Mesquita, Albenones José de; Moraes, Sandra Regina Pires de; Meireles, Marcelo Vasconcelos; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Jayme, Valéria de SáTwo experiments were carried out to evaluate the use of quaternary ammonia on Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated in eggshell and its penetration capacities, verify the ability to infect the egg inoculated in eggshell, determine embryo mortality, infect hatched chicks and affect incubation parameters of two broiler lines. A total of 302 and 290 fertile eggs of Ross and ISA Label, respectively, were distributed in six treatments: eggs sanitized with placebo (Treatment 1- PC) quaternary ammonia inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 2-PI); eggs non-sanitized and inoculated placebo (Treatment 3- NPC) with Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 4- NPI); eggs inoculated in allantoidal cavity with placebo (Treatment 5-CAC) or Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 6- CAI). Immediately after inoculation, the eggs were hatched and embryo mortality was evaluated after 96, 432 and 528 hours. The qualitative results were analyzed by non-parametric tests of chi-square and Kruskall-Wallis. The incubation parameters were not affected when the pathogen was inoculated in eggshell. It was observed that Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated in allantoidal cavity determined late embryo mortality in fast 17,02% and slow growing 13,04% lines, and eggs inoculated in allantoidal cavity originated chicks with high frequency of intestinal colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis of 76,67% and 26,67% Ross and ISA Label, respective.Item Adição de enzimas em dietas de frangos de corte a base de milho de diferentes qualidades(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-31) Andrade, Tiago Vieira de; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Carvalho, Genilson Bezerra de; Fortes, Bruno Duarte AlvesThe nutritional quality of stored corn grains is of paramount importance to formulate more efficient diets, given that corn grains with low nutritional value, trigger metabolic disturbances and consequently negative effects on the performance and use of nutrients in birds. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the addition of exogenous enzymes in diets of broilers based on corn kernels of different qualities. with 696 birds of the Cobb 500 strain. In experiments 1 and 3, with the purpose of evaluating performance at 1, 7, 21, 35 and 42 days of age and intestinal histomorphometry at 21 and 42 days of age, 600 chicks were used 1 day old males. In experiments 2 and 4, metabolism assays were carried out with 96 14-day old male chicks from experiment 1 and 3 to estimate the metabolizable energy values of corn of different qualities with the inclusion of exogenous enzymes and mycotoxin adsorbent in diets for broilers. In all experiments, a completely randomized design (DIC) was used, distributed in a factorial arrangement (2x2), with experiment 1 and 2 being the addition or not of the XAP enzyme blend (Xylanase, Amylase and Protease) and two types of corn (types 1 and 3), and for experiment 3 and 4 with or without the addition of mycotoxin adsorbent and with or without the addition of the enzymatic blend. It was observed that the birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme had higher average weight and better feed conversion. It was observed that the birds that consumed diets containing enzyme showed better digestibility for the values of EMAn, EMA and CMMS in the period of 17 to 21 days. It was observed that birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme showed better intestinal development for height of the jejunum and ileum up to 21 days of age. There was a reduction in uric acid and AST for birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme. There was a reduction (p <0.05) in LDH for birds that consumed type 1 corn. There was a higher (p <0.05) average weight for birds that consumed diets containing enzyme and adsorbent in the period from 1 to 7 days . In conclusion, it can be said that birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme showed good performance, carcass yield, use of nutrients and intestinal development.Item Aditivos proteicos sequestrantes de umidade na ensilagem de gramíneas tropicais(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-04) Antonio, Patricia; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783397P6; Jobim, Clóves Cabreira; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780738U3; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4761394J4; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; Santos, Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos; Araújo Neto, Francisco Ribeiro de; Guimarães, Katia Cylene; Couato, Victor Resende MoreiraThe animal production potential grows fast and food production is always being challenged to meet this need in the nutrition as well as in the economic context. Forage plants are the basis of the diet of ruminants in most production systems in tropical regions. Forage availability varies during the year depending on weather conditions. It turns necessary to have stored forage to supplement the animals. Silage is the most widely used form of stored forage. The tropical grasses ensiling is an alternative to traditional silage crops because it can be used the surplus produced in the rainy season. However, the fermentation process can be altered by many factors, making difficult the production of good quality silage so there is the need of using additives as a means of improving the nutritional and fermentative quality of these types of silages. Thus, this study aimed to use moisture sequestering additives: soybean, canola, sunflower and cotton meal, in the production of B. brizantha silage in order to improve the nutritional value, fermentative value, degradability and digestibility of these silages, thus obtaining information about alternative materials for the production of good quality silage. The experiment was carried out a part in experimental PVC silos and estimated the bromatologic parameters, effluent and gas losses, N-NH3, pH, titratable acidity, protein fractions and silage degradability, and the other part in experimental silos with a capacity of 200 kg to evaluate the performance of sheep fed with these silages through intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients, metabolic and rumen parameters of these animals. The silages of Brachiaria brizantha with sequestering moisture additives were effective in keeping concentrations of plasma metabolic and ruminal profile parameters within the reference levels, increasing the readily soluble A fraction and decreasing the C protein fraction consequently improving the ruminal degradability, and reducing the silage losses. Therefore it is recommended its use as an alternative to ruminant nutrition.Item Soroepidemiologia da infecção por Leptospira spp. Em bovinos, equídeos, caninos e trabalhadores rurais em assentamento no município de Aragominas, Tocantins, Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-04-10) ARAÚJO, Bruno Medrado; JAYME, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; BRITO, Wilia Marta Elsner Diederichsen de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7605775995731168The main economic activity of the state of Tocantins, in Brazilian Amazon is cattle farms, with extensive breeding. Looking for contribution to cattle sanity, this study was devoted to the prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira in livestock of those farms, as production animals (cattle and equids), dogs and animal workers, from a rural governmental settlement in Aragominas, in the northwestern part of Tocantins. The statistically proofed sample was composed by 242 cows, 78 equids, 59 dogs and 41 animals workers, distributed in 38 small properties. All sampling was performed after informed consent, written in the case of human beings. For the diagnosis of leptospirosis, microscopic seroagglutination was performed in the Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Leptospirose do Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva da Escola de Medicina Veterinária da UFG, Goiânia-GO. The seroprevalence for Leptospira spp in cattle was 76,5% [70,7% 81,7%], with serovar predominance of Hardjo (26,2%), followed by Wolffi (23,4%) Hebdomadis (14,1%), Castellonis (11,7%), Grippotyphosa (9,1%) e Pyrogenes (4,8%). In equids the seroprevalence was 79,3% [68,9% 87,4%], with agglutinins more intense to wild life serovars Castellonis (24,4%), Grippotyphosa (13,7%), Patoc (13,1%), Butembo (8,9%), Pomona (7,1%), Hardjo (6,6%), Pyrogenes (6,6%) e Wolffi (6,6%). Dogs presented seroprevalence of 30,5% [19,2 43,9], prevailing Canicola (26,3%), Hardjo (13,3%), Bratislava (10,0%) and Pyrogenes (10,0%). Human leptospirosis seroprevalence in animal workers was 31,7% [18,1%-48,1%], cwith detections of serovars Hardjo (26,3%), Grippotyphosa (15,8%), Pyrogenes (10,5%), Wolffi (10,5%), Autumnalis (10,5%) e Bratislava (10,5%). Looking for association with environmental and breeding conditions, the seroprevalence was associated in cattle to Bos indicus cattle (OR=7,51; [0,99-56,97]), in equids to the use of antihelminths (OR=7,64[0,95 61,50]) and for dogs with use for shepherd cattle (OR=4,44[1,35 14,58]). These data point to endemicity of Leptospira infection in the area and are highly suggestive of extensive environmental contamination with wildlife and production animal serovars. These results also emphasize the importance of the control of livestock leptospirosis, lowering environmental contamination and allowing better animal sanitation, with measures that could be implemented in new adequate settlements.Item Inquéritos sorológicos em equídeos e aves silvestres para detecção de anticorpos anti-arbovírus de importância em saúde pública no Brasil(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-12-06) ARAUJO, Francisco Anilton Alves; LINHARES, Guido Fontgalland Coelho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6261928164195145; JAYME, Valéria de Sá; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0603234425928309; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467This study determined the prevalence of hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against alphaviruses in horses during an epizootic event by Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus in the state of Paraiba, Brazil, in 2009 and compared the results between the techniques of hemagglutination inhibition and serum neutralization test in microplates. The results of15 arboviruses obtained from serological surveys on horses in Brazil from 2007 to , as well as the results for the arboviruses found in two serological surveys on wild birds in the state of Para, between 2007 and 2008 2009 were analyzed,. In Paraiba, blood was collected from 188 horses during other surveys of 4.402 animals and 544 wild birds. The material was tested by the hemagglutination inhibition technique, neutralization was performed in microplates aiming at virus isolation. In Paraíba, we obtained a true prevalence of 62.2% for Eastern Equine Encephalitis and hemagglutination inhibition test had 79.5% sensitivity and 87.3% specificity . In Brazil, the prevalence rate was 33.3% for arboviruses, 20.6% for flaviviruses, 14.1% for alphavirus and 10.1% for bunyavirus. In birds, the positivity was 28.4%, being 14.7% for alphaviruses, 9.5% for flaviviruses and 7.4% for bunyavirus. There was a high circulation of antibodies against Eastern Equine Encephalitis in inapparent-host animals and the hemagglutination inhibition test can be recommended as screening method. The other arboviruses surveyed were found in animals of the nine states with a significant difference in the prevalence from the motivation of the survey. Migratory birds have proved to be important amplifiers of these agents .Item Suplementação in ovo de vitamina E e cantaxantina para embriões de frango de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-11-09) Araújo, Itallo Conrado Sousa de; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Mello, Heloisa Helena Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Stringhini, José Henrique; Lopes, Karina Ludovico Almeida Martinez; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros; Lara, Leonardo José CamargosTwo experiments were conducted to avaluate the effect of in ovo supplementation of antioxidants to broiler chickens on neonatal oxidative status, incubation results, chick quality and broiler performance. In the first experiment, five levels of vitamin E (0.0, 25.0, 35.0, 45.0 and 55.0 mg) were diluted in 0.5 mL of sunflower oil and in the second experiment five levels were used of cantaxanthin (0.000, 0.035, 0.045, 0.055 and 0.065 mg) obtained from a commercial product (canthaxanthin 10%), diluted with 0.5 mL of distilled water. In both experiments were used 780 eggs, distributed in three incubators (block), 260 eggs in each. Vitamin E supplementation improved egg hatchability, lower birth rate of chicks and better physical quality of chicks. There was also a positive response in the small intestine weight and villus height of the duodenum of the chicks, which provided improvement in feed conversion for all the periods studied during the performance. The results of protein concentration in the liver and striated muscle were higher for the chicks that received vitamin E. It was concluded that vitamin E supplementation in ovo improves the oxidative state of the chick and this improves the incubation results, quality of the chick and performance in the initial phase. On the other hand, supplementation with the commercial product of canthaxanthin showed worsening for the hatching and birth window variables, with a consequent increase in the number of neonatal chicks with physical quality below 71 points. Supplementation of canthaxanthin did not influence the weight or length of neonatal chicks. Furthermore, it was possible to verify a higher amount of total proteins in the liver of the chicks supplemented with the commercial product of canthaxanthin, it was also possible to verify improvement in the catalase activity present in the chicks liver. It can be concluded that the commercial product is not indicated for inoculation in ovo because it contains compounds that hinder chicks hatching. However, the improvement in oxidative status was evident, and further studies could be indicated with the use of pure canthaxanthin in ovo for broiler chickens.Item Parâmetros de incubação e condutância da casca de ovos de matrizes pesadas de diferentes idades e incubadoras(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-05) Araújo, Itallo Conrado Sousa de; Gonzales, Elisabeth; Mello, Heloísa Helena de Carvalho; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Jardim Filho, Roberto de Moraes; Café, Marcos BarcellosThis study aimed to assess the age of the breeder broiler and the machine type incubation on hatching parameters, the window hatch, embriodiagnosis and physical quality newborn chicks. We also evaluated the technique for measuring the conductance of the eggshell fragments using bark and also the correlation of the conductance values with parameters of incubation. In Experiment 1 was used in DBC design, and using DIC for embriodiagnosis. In a 2x3 factorial - multi-stage machines (MS) or single (SS) and ages of breeder (29w, 35w and 59w). In experiment 2 was randomized in DBC. In a 3x3 factorial scheme - region of the eggshell (blunt end, equator, pointy end) and ages of breeder (29w, 35w and 59w). The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by quantitative and qualitative Tukey test (5%) and Kruskal-Wallis (5%) respectively, although the data for embriodiagnosis were subjected to Fisher's exact test (5%). In experiment 1 there was no interaction between treatments (P> 0.05), verifying, however, differences (P <0.05) for some of the results. The machine did not influence incubate the eggs hatch (P> 0.05). Arrays with older age (59w) had higher rates of infertility (6.84%) and lower hatching rates (88.26%). The early embryonic mortality (0-4 d) was higher (5.47%) in the eggs of breeders 59w. The hatch window was lower (P <0.05) for eggs incubated in SS. The weight of the eggs hatched followed the age pattern, influencing the weights of newborns. The chicks from SS machines had higher birth weight, weight and net weight of the shipment (P <0.05). Chicks from the SS had higher quality physical scores and length. For the results of experiment 2 there was no interaction between the treatments for conductance or shell thickness (P> 0.05). The breeders aged influenced conductance being greater in eggs from breeders of 59w (0.323 mg d1-1 torr), the region of the shell being affected conductance region of the thin edge was lower (0.024 mg d-1 torr -1). The shell thickness was similar peel breeders derived from 29w or 35w, being higher (P <0.05) the thickness found in egg shells breeders 59w. The largest thickness found in the region of the pointy tip (P <0.05). There was an interaction (P <0.05) for the porosity of the eggshell conductance and bark. Regardless of age, the tip region has a higher number of large pores. Regarding age, the wide end regions of the equator and exhibit significant increases (P <0.05) pores. Weak correlations were found between the average conductance of the shell eggs and incubation parameters. Weak correlations were also observed between the average thickness of the eggshell and incubation parameters. There was a strong positive correlation (P <0.05) between the average porosity of the shell eggs and some parameters of incubation. It was concluded that both machines offer conditions for embryonic development without affecting the hatching rate, however the physical quality of the chicks was better in newborns chicks from the single stage machine. Yet, the technique using fragments of eggshell can be used to measure the conductance of the shell. The porosity of the eggshell was better correlated with parameters of incubation.Item Desenvolvimento do trato gastrintestinal de aves de corte de genótipos de crescimento lento na fase inicial e digestibilidade de alimentos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-04-18) Assis, Saullo Diogo de; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; Minafra, Cibele da Silva; Hellmeister Filho, PauloThree experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating the differences in performance, nutritional utilization of the ration and development of the digestive tract of four slow - growing broiler strains. The effects of the breeding system on the development of the digestive tract and determine the metabolizable energy values of the main feed of broiler chickens slow growing. In the experiment I were evaluated the zootechnical performance, the bioeconomic index and the metabolizability of the nutrients of the ration of different strains of slow - growth and early - growth broilers. A total of 544 day - old chicks, 136 of each genotypes were used: Label Rouge Pesadão, Isa Label Rouge Naked Neck, Carijó and CarijóNaked Neck, distributed randomly in eight replicates of 17 animals each. The studied variables were performance, bioeconomic index, nutrient metabolizable coefficients, apparent metabolizable energy (EMA) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn). In experiment II, 600 slow - growing chickens (Label Rouge Naked Neck) were housed initially in a conventional masonry shed, raised up to 70 days old. At 35 days of age they were divided into two groups, one of which had access to free area and another one remained in the shed until the end of the experiment. The variables studied were live weight, digestive tract development and intestinal histomorphometry at different ages. For experiment III, six hundred broiler chicks of the Label Rouge Naked Neck line were used. The treatments consisted of seven foods and one reference diet. The methodology used was the total collection of excreta. The tested foods were: soybean meal, corn grain, rice bran, sorghum grain, 60% corn gluten, wheat bran and soybean oil. There were differences (P <0.05) for live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion among the four lines studied, at 7, 14, 21, 28and 63 days of age. The Carijó Neck strain showed the worst performance results from 1 to 63 days of age compared to the other lines studied. There was a difference (P <0.05) for the bioeconomic index (IBE). The Carijó, Label Rouge Neck and Label rouge lines had the highest IBE values. The metabolizable coefficients of the nutrients differed (P <0.05) between the lines at seven and 21 days of age. The highest value of the metabolizable coefficient of the protein and mineral matter of the diet was obtained by the Carijó line at seven and 21 days of age. There was a difference (P <0.05) between the lineages in live weight, allometry of digestive tract organs and intestinal histomorphometry at one, seven and 28 days of age. The breeding systems influenced (<0.05) the live weight and the allometry of the organs of the digestive system of broiler chickens of the Isa Label Neck Snack Line at 72 days of age. The semiconfined breeding system improved the performance and growth of the small intestine of the Isa Label Naked Neck line. The values of AMEn (kcal / kg) of foods based on natural matter were: soybean meal, 2215 kcal / kg; corn grain, 3568 kcal / kg; sorghum grain, 3212 kcal / kg; rice bran, 2365 kcal / kg; wheat bran, 2482 kcal / kg; soybean oil, 7902 kcal / kg and 60% corn gluten, 2860 kcal / kg. The slow growing strains present differences in performance, nutritional utilization, allometric digestion tract and energetic utilization of the ration when compared to each other.