Mestrado em Biologia da Relação Parasito-Hospedeiro (IPTSP)
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Item Avaliação do papel da opsonização na suscetibilidade de macrófagos murinos à infecção pelas diferentes espécies de Leishmania(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-03-31) Polonski, Daniella Cristina Silva; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2152513705182408; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; Gomes, Rodrigo Saar; Borges, Arissa FelipeLeishmaniasis are a set of parasitic diseases caused by a protozoa of the Leishmania genus. Clinical manifestations vary according to the Leishmania species and host immune response. Among of the possible clinical manifestation of leishmaniasis, according to the symptomatology, three stand out: visceral, cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis. Macrophages are key cells in the prognosis of Leishmania infection. M1 macrophages stimulate the Th1 response are associated with leishmanicidal activity; the M2 macrophages are activated mainly by Th2 lymphocytes are associated with the growth and survival of the parasites. The M2b subtype regulates the immune response and the inflammatory reaction against intracellular parasites and is related to the humoral response. The present work evaluated the susceptibility of different species of Leishmania: Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, Leishmania (L.) major, Leishmania (L.) infantum and Leishmania (L.) amazonensis to in vitro infections, using macrophages from BALB/c and C57BL/6. Murine macrophages were cultured and infected with promastigotes from different Leishmania species, opsonized or not with anti-leishmania antibody. The infection was evaluated by the promastigotes retrieval method at the points: 3 h, 24 h, 72h and 120h. We found that C57BL/6 macrophages are resistant to infection by L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (L) amazonensis. BALB/c mice show susceptibility to L. (L) infantum. Both C57BL/6 and BALB/c infected with L. (L.) major parasites show susceptibility to the parasite. Both in infections with L. major and L. infatum, it was observed that the association with antibodies is more related to the reproduction of the parasites and survival inside the macrophages than to the killing of parasites We therefore conclude that opsonization with anti-leishmania can modulate the macrophage to a characteristic M2b profile, favoring infection.Item Associação entre polimorfismos genéticos do hospedeiro e suscetibilidade à infecção por Helicobacter pylori: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-08-08) Santos, Hellen Christina de Oliveira; Santos, Rodrigo da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4806187026900959; Barbosa, Mônica Santiago; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2417424087790287; Barbosa, Mônica Santiago; Gomes, Rodrigo Saar; Rocha, Viviane LopesConteúdo embargadoItem Papel da sinalização purinérgica na infecção por Leishmania braziliensis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2025-02-21) Paula, Wesley Lima de; Gomes, Rodrigo Saar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8840051460928720; Gomes, Rodrigo Saar; Dias, Fátima Ribeiro; Borges, Pauline Martins LeiteLeishmaniasis are infectious-parasitic diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The infection process causes the release of ATP by cells and tissues. Extracellular ATP can be converted into adenosine by the enzymes CD39 and CD73. Adenosine has anti-inflammatory effects by binding to P1 receptors, especially A2A and A2B receptors. This work evaluated the role of purinergic signaling in the human immune response to Leishmania braziliensis. Data obtained from transcriptome analyzes (GEO GSE55664) show that patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL; n = 21), caused by L. braziliensis, showed higher expression of CD39, CD73 and A2A receptor than healthy controls (n = 7). On the other hand, A2BR expression was lower in patients with LCL. In patients, we found positive correlations between the expression of A2AR and IL1B, IL6 and IL32, while the expression of A2BR is negatively correlated with the expression of the genes of these cytokines. Parasitism rates were evaluated in human THP-1 macrophages infected by Leishmania braziliensis-GFP, which also expressed higher levels of A2AR, in the presence and absence of selective A2AR antagonists, at 24 and 48 hours. There was no change in parasitism rates in macrophages and in the production of cytokines and ROS. However, when the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) is inhibited, the A2AR antagonist significantly reduces infection rates. These data suggest that L. braziliensis infection alters the expression of enzymes and receptors involved in purinergic signaling, and these changes are important in modulating the immune response during LCL.Item Análise funcional da 7-desidrocolesterol redutase na resposta imune durante a infecção por Leishmania spp.(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-02-24) Mota, Carlos Henrique da Silva; Gomes, Rodrigo Saar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8840051460928720; Rodrigo Saar; Gomes, Rodrigo Saar; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; Silveira, Murilo BarrosLeishmaniasis is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania spp. and is a neglected parasitic disease with a broad clinical spectrum, whose treatments are toxic and present failures and resistance. Leishmania braziliensis (Lb) and Leishmania amazonensis (La) are highly prevalent species in Brazil. Cholesterol metabolism affects immune responses. 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) converts 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) into cholesterol and this enzyme regulates the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 profile. The main objective is to evaluate the role of DHCR7 in the immune response and in the control of Leishmania spp. infections. Human macrophages derived from THP-1 cells were infected with L. amazonensis or L. braziliensis expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) for 24 h and treated with pharmacological inhibitors of DHCR7 (tamoxifen and AY9944) for an additional 24 h for flow cytometric analysis. Public transcriptome analysis demonstrated that DHCR7 is less expressed in lesions from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis compared with skin from healthy controls. DHCR7 is negatively correlated with the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in lesions from patients. Inhibition of DHCR7 reduced infection by both Leishmania species in human macrophages. Furthermore, DHCR7 inhibitors promoted an increase in the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROS) and in the production of TNF and IL-1β by human macrophages infected with Leishmania spp, assessed by CBA in the supernatant. These data suggest that DHCR7 inhibitors control Leishmania spp. infection and pave the way for new therapeutic approaches for this neglected disease.Item Atividade biológica de óleos essenciais em leveduras do complexo Cryptococcus neoformans(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-06-24) Abrão, Fernando Yano; Souza, Lúcia Kioko Hasimoto e; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; Paula, José Realino deSpecies of the complex Cryptococcus neoformans can cause infection in both healthy individuals and immunocompromissed patients, especially in AIDS patients, in which meningoencephalitis is the main clinical manifestation. There are few available antifungals for cryptococcosis treatment and all of them present high toxicity, besides the reports of resistance. In this context, the natural products are important source in the search for new antifungal compounds. In this study, it was evaluated the biological activity of the essential oils (EO) of Pelargonium graveolensis, Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon flexuosus. The antifungal activity against Cryptococcus isolates was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by microdilution broth. Once the antifungal activity was measured, its cytotoxic activity were evaluated in L929 fibroblastic cell line in an in vitro assay. The mechanism of action of the EOs was analyzed by flow cytometry, using propidium iodide as fluorescent marker for lesions in the cell membrane, and FUN-1 ([2-chloro-4-(2,3-dihydro-3-methyl- (benzo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-methylidene)-1-phenylquinolinium iodide]), to analyze alterations of the cellular metabolism. Furthermore, the amount of ergosterol in the fungal membrane was evaluated to ascertain if there were modifications on its synthesis due to the exposition to the EOs. All the EOs presented antifungal activity, P. graveolensis and S. aromaticum with MICs between 128 and 256 µg/mL, while C. flexuosus obtained MICs from 8 to 32 µg/mL, whereas for these values, none EO has shown cytotoxicity in L929 fibroblastic cell line. The metabolic inhibition of fungal cells and membrane lesion were observed as the mechanism of action of all the evaluated EOs, however, only the EO of S. aromaticum was able to decrease the ergosterol amount in the fungal membrane. This study reveals the antifungal potential of the EOs of P. graveolens, S. aromaticum e C. flexuosus, due to their activity in isolated samples of Cryptococcus and relative toxicological safety.Item Análise in silico do papel do receptor imune TREM-1 na infecção pelos Norovírus murino e humano(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-01-22) Colmenares, Mike Telemaco Contreras; Sales, Marcelle Figueira Marques da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477630359032513; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1386621024118393; Campos, Helioswilton Sales de; Dias, Fátima de Rivero; Silva, Marcos Vinicius daIn humans, Norovirus (NoV) is one of the main causes of acute diarrheal disease (ADD). Due to the limitations of NoV cultivation, some molecular aspects of its interaction with the host's immune system remain unknown. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is associated with the amplification of inflammatory responses and the progression of infections, including viral infections. Thus, we believe that TREM-1 may be involved in the NoV infection. Initially, we investigated the expression of Trem1 and the genes involved in its pathway, in transcriptomic data bank of public domain. In experimental infection with murine Norovirus (MNoV), the expression of Trem1 was increased. We also observed that there is a co-expression of Trem1 and genes involved in the pyroptosis pathway, when compared to those in the apoptosis pathway. The in silico protein-protein interactions were assessed by molecular docking simulations between the Ig-like domain of murine TREM-1 and the P domain of the MNoV VP1 protein. The murine TREM-1 recognized the conserved C´-D´ antigen that is present in the murine VP1. In this regard, and based on phylogenetic criteria, different structures of the VP1 protein of NoV GII.4 strains from different years (1987, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2019) were modeled. We performed docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to determine the in silico interaction between the VP1 protein of NoV GII.4 and the Iglike domain of human TREM-1. The DM simulations suggest that there is a basic interaction between human TREM-1 and the NoV VP1 protein, regardless of the year of isolation. Interestingly, we observed changes in the participation of the different complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of TREM-1 when interacting with the domains of the VP1 protein, highlighting the participation of CDR3. Our data strongly suggests the involvement of TREM-1 in the recognition of NoV and its participation in the physiopathology of ADD caused by NoV.Item Avaliação da resposta imune após vacinação para covid-19(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-28) Masson, Letícia Carrijo; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3823367099967701; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3823367099967701; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da; Kipnis, Ana Paula Junqueira; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli deImmune responses after COVID-19 vaccination should be evaluated in different populations around the world. This study compared antibody responses induced by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, CoronaVac, and BNT162b2 vaccines. Blood samples from vaccinees were collected pre- and post-vaccinations with the second and third doses. The study enrolled 78 vaccinees, of whom 62.8% were women, with the following median ages: 26 years—ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; 40 years—CoronaVac; 30 years—BNT162b2. Serum samples were quantified for anti-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) IgG and anti-RBD IgA and anti-spike IgG by ELISA. After two vaccine doses, BNT162b2 vaccinees produced higher levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG, and anti-spike IgG compared to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and CoronaVac vaccinees. The third dose booster with BNT162b2 induced higher levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG, and anti-spike IgG in CoronaVac vaccinees. Individuals who reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection before or during the study had higher anti-RBD IgA and IgG production. In conclusion, two doses of the studied vaccines induced detectable levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG and anti-spike IgG in vaccinees. The heterologous booster with BNT162b2 increased anti-RBD IgA and IgG and anti-spike IgG levels in CoronaVac vaccinees and anti-RBD IgA levels in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinees. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher anti-RBD IgA and IgG levels in CoronaVac vaccinees. NovembroItem Quitinases humanas e infecções fúngicas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-02-27) Farias, Adriane Nunes; Amaral, André Corrêa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8801299423520104; Amaral, André Corrêa; Silva, Daniela de Melo e; Soares, Renata de Bastos AscençoThis work deals with a systematic review of the intrinsic mechanisms used by humans to fight fungal infections, focusing on chitinases, discussing the main enzymes and gene polymorphism with them involved. Fungal infections are increasingly common in the world, being considered one of the main causes of death in immunocompromised and immunosuppressive patients. Diagnoses and treatments for these infections are still limited and prophylaxis through vaccines is still far from being achieved. Fungi, in general, have chitin in their cell wall, the second most abundant polymer in nature, not found in humans. However, enzymes capable of degrading it, called chitinases, are synthesized by them. Human chitinases are found in the family 18 of glycosyl hydrolases, of which only chitotriosidase (QT), mammalian acid chitinase (AMCase) and di-N-acetyl-chitobiase have chitinolytic activity. QT and AMCase are the most reported chitinases in humans and differ mainly in terms of the chitin cleavage region and the immune response that leads to their expression. The enzymatic activity of chitinases has been observed in several diseases, including fungal infections such as candidiasis, mycetoma and aspergillosis. It is believed that these enzymes act on the innate immune system against pathogenic fungi and their absence or inactivity leads to susceptibility to these organisms. Polymorphisms associated with genes encoding chitinases, especially QT, have been recently described. The duplication of 24 bp in exon 10 of the gene that expresses QT results in a protein with enzyme deficiency. Therefore, this review seeks to gather existing data on fungal infections, their relationship with chitinases, discussing the influence of gene polymorphisms on the chitinolytic activity of these enzymes against pathogenic fungi.Item Avaliação do processo cicatricial utilizando biomembrana de látex de hancornia speciosa e regederm® em feridas de espessura total induzidas experimentalmente em ratos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-09-02) Martins, Kassya Lopes Epaminondas; Reis, Paulo Roberto de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7729613632937834; Lino Junior, Ruy de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0372118837748010; Lino Junior, Ruy de Souza; Mrué, Fátima; Galdino Júnior, HelioThe use of Hevea brasiliensis latex in the wound treatment have been widely studied as a biomembrane bandage. Nowadays it is comercially available as Regederm®, a gel-ointment indicated in the use of cutaneous wounds treatment. Also the Hevea brasiliensis látex has been used in the wound healing because of its angiogenic and anti-inflammatory ativities. The presente study aimed the comparison of the healing effects of H. speciosa biomembrane and Regederm®. 70 Wistar rats divided in G1 – control group, treated with physiologic solution, G2 – treated with Regederm®, G3 – treated with H. speciosa biomembrane, G4 – mixed treatment with Regederm® and physiologic solution. The euthanasia occurred at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after the induction (DAI) of the incisional injury. Morphometric, microscopic and macroscopic analysis were performed evaluating the general pathologic processes. It was possible to observe that the H. speciosa biomembrane decreased necrosis and inflammation during the inflammatory and proliferative phases of the healing process. The angiogenesis observed was similar to the one found in the Regederm® treated group. During the maturation phase of the healing process the Regederm® continued to stimulate the angiogenesis which was not observed in the H. speciosa biomembrane treated group. There was an intense stimulus of fibroblastos with the Regederm® treated group and the mixed treatment group in the proliferative and maturation phases of the healing process while in the H. speciosa biomembrane treated group there was an inhibition of these cells. It was possible to observe that in the Regederm® treated group there was a continuous inflammation of the tissue during the maturation phase of the healing process. Therefore it is possible to conclude that Regederm® contributed to the healing process in its inflammatory and proliferative phases but tended to perpetuate the inflammation process. While the H. speciosa biomembrane decreased necrosis and inflammation during the initial phases of the healing process, stimulated angiogenesis and interrupted these stimuly during the maturation phase of the healing process. The mixed treatment group decreased the delayed angiogenic effects of Regederm® however the inflammation was sustained leading to a delay in the healing process with less wound contraction.Item Indicadores de contaminação viral em amostras de água consumida em regiões rurais de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-11-28) Bordoni, Graziela Picciola; Carneiro, Lilian Carla; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6506744224041777; Carneiro, Lilian Carla; Albuquerque, Antônio João Carvalho de; Oliveira, Bruno Francesco Rodrigues deRural communities are located far from urban centers, where the adequate supply of potable water is hampered. In the lack of a public distribution network, water is obtained from surface and groundwater sources, where the microbial quality is often unknown. Goiás has 9.7% of the population in rural areas and previous studies carried out in some of these rural and traditional communities have already demonstrated the vulnerability of water for the consumption of these residents by waterborne pathogens, such as enteric viruses. Therefore, the aim of the work was to continue the evaluation of fecal contamination of water samples from individual and collective sources, from 24 communities in rural areas of the State of Goiás. 160 samples were collected, whose water sources were shallow tubular well, deep tubular well, dug well and spring, surface water, rainwater stored in cisterns and water truck. The enteric viruses Human Adenovirus (HAdV), Rotavirus (RV) and Enterovirus (EV) were used as indicators of fecal contamination, analyzed by qPCR. In all, 30% of the samples showed signs of fecal contamination. Detection rates were 20% for RV, 9.4% for HAdV and 4.4% for EV. The geometric means of concentration of these indicators were 1.5x106 GC/L, 1.9x106 GC/L and 7.1x105 GC/L, respectively. RV was the most prevalent viral indicator in underground sources, being statistically associated with shallow tubular wells. In spring samples, HAdV stands out with 11.8%. In the cistern samples, both HAdV and RV were found in the same prevalence. These results reveals that the analyzed population is vulnerable to waterborne diseases caused by enteric pathogens, serving to guide future decisions and improve daily water treatment practices in these communities.Item Toxicidade reprodutiva e resposta de múltiplos biomarcadores no caramujo Biomphalaria glabrata (Say 1818) após exposição crônica às nanopartículas de óxido de ferro (γ-Fe2O3) funcionalizadas com ácido glucônico(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-17) Caixeta, Maxwell Batista; Silva, Luciana Damacena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3800305083164308; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6325937100056775; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; Monteiro, Caio Márcio de Oliveira; Fernandes, Éverton Kort KampNanotechnology has been applied to control parasites and intermediate hosts of etiologic agents of neglected global and tropical diseases, such as schistosomiasis. The parasite Schistosoma mansoni is the etiological agent of this disease in Brazil, and snails Biomphalaria spp. act as intermediate host. The use of nanomaterials (NMs) as molluscicidal agents is promising due to their specific properties that allow internalization, greater reactivity and specificity to the snail, in addition to the ease of production, and the possibility of removal from the environment. In this sense, the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential molluscicidal activity of gluconic acid - functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Initially, a bibliometric analysis associated with a systematic review of the literature identified that different NMs were able to induce oxidative stress, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive and transgenerational toxicity, immunotoxicity, mortality and behavioural changes in different species of gastropods. Regarding bioassays, after chronic exposure (28 days) of B. glabrata to different concentrations of IONPs and FeCl3 (1.0; 2.5; 6.2 and 15.6 mg L-1), a high bioaccumulation of iron by IONPs in visceral mass of the snail compared to the iron ions and the control group was observed. Likewise, there was a high frequency of behavioural changes in snails exposed to IONPs when compared to their ionic counterpart and to the control group. Both forms of Fe reduced fertility, while mortality and reduced snail’s fertility were observed only after exposure to IONPs at 15.6 mg L-1. The general results indicated behavioural impairments and reproductive toxicity, associated with the bioaccumulation of IONPs in B. glabrata. This study emphasizes that metal-based nanoparticles are potential molluscicidal agents.Item Atividade moluscicida de nanopartículas de prata funcionalizadas com polivinilpirrolidona nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento do caramujo Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-16) Araújo, Paula Sampaio; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6325937100056775; Rocha, Thiago Lopes; Monteiro, Caio Marcio de Oliveira; Barreto, Lucas PradoSchistosomiasis is a tropical disease of an endemic nature caused by the parasite Schistosoma mansoni and its intermediary host is freshwater snails, such as Biomphalaria glabrata. Among the disease control methods, the intermediate host control stands out through the use of molluscicides. Nanotechnology appears as a viable alternative for the development of new molluscicides. Among the nanoparticles with potential molluscicidal use, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) stand out due to their inherent physical and chemical properties, with an effect against bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. Thus, the general objective of the present study was to evaluate the molluscicidal potential of PVP-functionalized Ag NPs for different stages of development (embryos, newly hatched) of the snail B. glabrata. The bioassays were carried out during the embryonic development phase and in newly hatched snails for a total period of 144 h and 96 h, respectively, using concentrations from 12.1 to 1560 g L-1. Biomarkers such as mortality rate, hatch rate and morphological alteration were analyzed, together with the estimated average lethal concentration. Results showed that the embryos were more resistant to Ag NPs than the newly hatched. The toxicity was demonstrated during all phases analyzed in a concentration-dependent manner. Exposure to Ag NPs induced the formation of hydropic embryos. This was the first study that evaluated the toxicity of Ag NPs and their dissolved counterpart (AgNO3) in embryos and newly hatched snails B. glabrata.Item Interleucina-17 na atividade de fagócitos inflamatórios de camundongos BALB/c(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-08-02) Lucio, Fernanda Hélia; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2152513705182408; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; Gomes, Clayson Moura; Celes, Mara Rúbia NunesIntroduction: Inflammatory macrophages express high amount of IL-17 receptor (IL17R) favoring IL-17 binding. The role of IL-17 activating macrophages to increase microbicidal activity or regulatory response is not completely clear, but previous studies demonstrated that IL-17 activates peritoneal macrophages to increase arginase and induced nitric oxide synthase. Here, we investigated the role of IL-17 and its interaction with IFN-γ, IL-4 and LPS to induce M1 or M2 profiles in wild type (WT) and IL-4 knockout (KO) BALB/c mice. Objective: Evaluate the ability of IL-17, alone or in association with other cytokines, to activate different macrophage profiles. Methods: Thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages were characterized by cytometry and stimulated in vitro for 48h with different association of IL-17A, IL-17F, LPS, IL-4 and IFN-γ. The supernatant was used to evaluate NO production and lysed cells were used to evaluate arginase activity. Results: Cells harvested from different days after thioglycolate inoculation showed no variation for M1/70, F4/80 and IL-17R. Adherent cells obtained on day 5 presented the largest number of M1/70, F4/80, IL-17R positive cells. IL-17 alone did not induce arginase activity or NO production in WT and IL-4 KO mouse macrophages. Association of IL-4 with IL-17 did not induce arginase activity, but IL-17 plus IFN-γ increased NO production in both strains tested. IL-4 KO macrophages presenting high arginase activity even without stimulation with cytokines and IL-4 increased in these macrophages.Item Bioprospecção de microrganismos biodessulfurizantes de borracha vulcanizada de pneu inservível(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-22) Dorta, Dulcimê Gonçalves; García Rodriguez, Armando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8414244562919300; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1742731776579730; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; Amaral, André Correa; Carrim, Aysha Jussara IvonildeTires have great importance, but have become a risk to public health and the environment due to the characteristics conferred by the rubber vulcanization and other components. One of the ways of reusing the tyre is rubber recycling through devulcanization. Thus, the objective was to isolate microorganisms from mechanic shop’s waste and assess their desulphurization of vulcanized rubber (VR) capacity. With selective enrichment using DMSO, two bacteria named D1 and DAF were isolated, later submitted to biochemical, metal resistance and antibiogram tests. Preliminary to the tests, fungus contamination was observed, which revealed to be from BV, being isolated and included in the protocol. It used 1% (w/v) of granulated tire rubber (BP-III) asepsis with 70% alcohol in a culture flask. Each microorganism was added with Bushnell-Haas medium without SO4-2 (BH-s) to a flask, one had no microorganism added, another contained only medium and were incubated in a shaker at 30ºC, 130 rpms. Biochemical tests indicated D1 as Pseudomonas sp. The molecular method identified DAF as Staphylococcus warneri and the fungus as Fusarium chlamydosporum. Bacteria showed tolerance to the metals tested. The D1 antibiogram had comparative data for five antibiotics, none of which were tolerant, while DAF showed sensitivity to eight. D1 had a greater amount of SO4-2 in the medium than DAF. This and the fungus degraded the rubber. However, the fungus has greater potential for desulfurization. Thus, the microbial capacity to desulfurize VR was observed, a promising and preferable method for tire recycling as it is environmentally friendly and cost-effective.Item Lactobacillus spp. como forma de controle biológico de fitobactérias do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-08-27) Tavares, Rodolfo Sodré; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1742731776579730; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; Carneiro, Lilian Carla; Nascimento, Abadia dos ReisCurrent processes for the control of tomato diseases (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mostly include the application of chemical pesticides and the use of antibiotics in an attempt to alleviate various diseases. Among the phytobacteria, Xanthomonas spp. pathovars, Pectobacterium cavotovorum, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas corrugata and Ralstonia solanacearum are reported all over the world, leading to the appearance of diseases such as bacterial spot, soft rot and seed contamination, leading to great economic losses. The application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a form of biological control appears as a promising alternative to the main control measures adopted for diseases caused by phytobacteria, both for its effectiveness and for its viability, as is the example of countries such as Indonesia, Guatemala and Holland, who incorporated the use of biological control with good results in production. This study uses Lactobacillus spp. species as a form of biological control against tomato phytobacteria species. The collection of material from the School of Agronomy (EA) of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) was carried out from healthy tomato plants without disease symptoms in an attempt to obtain biologically active BAL strains against selected phytobacteria. Samples of tomato leaves with symptoms of bacterial spot were also collected in the EA of the UFG; then, the selection of BAL strains from starter culture obtained from the local market was also carried out. The results of this study indicate promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity where strains of Lactobacillus johnsonii, L. delbrueckii, L. plantarum, L. Breve and L. sporogenes demonstrated “in vitro” antimicrobial activity against different phytobacteria. The data presented in this study reveal the promising potential of BAL strains as a form of biological control as a viable alternative to chemical pesticides and antibiotics, helping to mitigate the impact on human, animal and environmental health.Item Investigação de Zika vírus em gestantes exantemáticas: identificação de positividade viral prolongada(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-10-25) Oliveira, Thais Santana de; Fiaccadori, Fabíola Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0993842409303174; Fiaccador, Fabíola Souza; Souza, Menira Borges de Lima Dias e; Silva, Marcelle Figueira Marques daZika virus (ZIKV) has recently emerged causing epidemics that impacted in the Americas, Africa and Asia and, despite transmission by arthropod vectors, sexual and maternal-child transmission have already been reported. Infection during pregnancy has been associated with congenital malformations, including microcephaly. Although we have advanced in ZIKV study, there are still gaps regarding the pathogenesis of this infection. The present study objected to investigate the occurrence of ZIKV in cases of exanthematic pregnant women evaluating prolonged viral detection in urine and blood samples. The population consisted of 68 pregnant women, of whom 57 were followed up through periodic consultations, and blood and/or urine samples were collected at each visit. Samples were subjected to detection of viral RNA by real-time RT-PCR using the commercial kit, primers and probe specific for the target region to structural protein E. Positivity rate of 51.5% for ZIKV was observed (35/68). The samples colected of follow up patients, different patterns of prolonged viral detection in the blood and/or urine were identified in 19.3% of pregnant women. In urine samples, viral RNA was detected up to 147 days after onset of symptoms and in the blood up to 187 days after the onset of rash. Among the pregnant women with prolonged detection profile, the majority presented the exanthematic episode at the first and second gestational trimester. Prolonged detection for ZIKV has been reported in other clinical specimens although many questions remain. In this scenario, the information obtained in the present study contributes to the knowledge about the process of the pathogenesis of Zika virus infection in infected pregnant women.Item Fatores abióticos, tais como luz e anoxia, durante o crescimento melhoram a virulência e outras qualidades fenotípicas em Metarhizium robertsii(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-12) Oliveira, Ariel de Souza; Rangel, Drauzio Eduardo Naretto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5438052072229463; Rangel, Drauzio Eduardo Naretto; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; Braga, Gilberto Úbida LeiteLight conditions, as well as hypoxia and anoxia during fungal growth, cause several physiological changes in their metabolism, germination, mycelial growth, and conidial production. In this study, conidia of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii were produced on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium in the dark; under white light; under blue light; under red light; under continuous hypoxia; transient anoxia, under normoxia; and minimum medium (Czapek medium without sucrose) supplemented with 3 % lactose (MML) in the dark. The conidial production for each treatment as well as the speed of conidial germination, and virulence to the insect Tenebrio molitor were evaluated. The fungus grown under blue light produced more conidia than the fungus grown in the dark. The conidial production of the fungus grown under white and red light were similar to that obtained in the dark, and MML afforded the least conidial production. Conidia produced on MML or on PDA medium under white or blue light germinated faster than conidia produced on PDA medium in the dark or under red light. Conidia produced on PDA medium under white light were more virulent than conidia produced in the dark, under blue light or red light. The fungus grown under hypoxia or transient anoxia produced similar amounts of conidia and germinated at the same speed than the fungus grown under normoxia,. Conidia produced under transient anoxia were more virulent than conidia produced under normoxia and hypoxia, however, were less virulent than conidia produced on MML.Item Fatores abióticos, tais como luz e anoxia, durante o crescimento melhoram a virulência e outras qualidades fenotípicas em Metarhizium robertsii(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-03-12) Oliveira, Ariel de Souza; Rangel, Drauzio Eduardo Naretto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5438052072229463; Rangel, Drauzio Eduardo Naretto; Vieira, José Daniel Gonçalves; Braga, Gilberto Úbida LeiteLight conditions, as well as hypoxia and anoxia during fungal growth, cause several physiological changes in their metabolism, germination, mycelial growth, and conidial production. In this study, conidia of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii were produced on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium in the dark; under white light; under blue light; under red light; under continuous hypoxia; transient anoxia, under normoxia; and minimum medium (Czapek medium without sucrose) supplemented with 3 % lactose (MML) in the dark. The conidial production for each treatment as well as the speed of conidial germination, and virulence to the insect Tenebrio molitor were evaluated. The fungus grown under blue light produced more conidia than the fungus grown in the dark. The conidial production of the fungus grown under white and red light were similar to that obtained in the dark, and MML afforded the least conidial production. Conidia produced on MML or on PDA medium under white or blue light germinated faster than conidia produced on PDA medium in the dark or under red light. Conidia produced on PDA medium under white light were more virulent than conidia produced in the dark, under blue light or red light. The fungus grown under hypoxia or transient anoxia produced similar amounts of conidia and germinated at the same speed than the fungus grown under normoxia,. Conidia produced under transient anoxia were more virulent than conidia produced under normoxia and hypoxia, however, were less virulent than conidia produced on MML.Item Investigação da ocorrência do vírus chikungunya em gestantes com quadro exantemático em Goiânia-Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-11-30) Silva, Lucélia Barbosa de Queiróz; Féres, Valéria Christina de Rezende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8089054699896454; Fiaccadori, Fabíola Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0993842409303174; Fiaccadori, Fabíola Souza; Carneiro, Megmar Aparecida dos Santos; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves daThe chikungunya vírus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes associated with an infection characterized by fever, myalgia, rash and persistent arthralgia. In 2014 with the arrival of the zika virus in Brazil and its association with vertical transmission and consequent microcephaly in newborns, many questions were postulated regarding the transmission of other arboviruses. In this context, several studies point to the perinatal transmission of CHIKV with encephalitis in neonates. In view of these facts, the present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of chikungunya virus in exanthematic pregnant women, in the city of Goiânia, from January 2017 to July 2018. The study population consisted of 70 pregnant women, from which samples were collected which were subjected to the screening of IgM / IgG serological markers using commercial kit, as well as the detection of viral RNA through RT-qPCR. A CHIKV seroprevalence index of 2.8% was identified. Of the pregnant women investigated, a case of positive IgG marker was identified (Case 1) and another showed positive positivity (IgM-IgG-RNA) (Case 2), being described in both cases the symptomatic picture in the first gestational trimester. In these cases, the newborns were positive only for the IgG marker. This is the first study to investigate the occurrence of CHIKV in the state of Goiás, showing a low circulation of CHIKV in our region, especially in the pregnant population. The information obtained reinforces the importance of studies in this population, in order to better understand the profile of this infection in pregnant women, as well as to contribute to the understanding of aspects associated with the pathogeny of this agent.Item Investigação dos efeitos do treinamento com ß-glucana no controle da infecção por Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis em camundongos C57BL/6 transgênicos para interleucina 32ƴ humana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-08) Figueiredo, Ana Marina Barroso de; Dias, Fátima Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741031258926403; Dias, Fátima Ribeiro; Galdino Junior, Hélio; Gomes, Clayson MouraB-glucan induces trained innate immunity in monocytes/macrophages. Studies suggest that IL-32 is involved in mecanisms important for the control of L. braziliensis and transgenic mouse for the human IL-32 gene (IL-32) is a model for evaluating the functions of this cytokine. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of -glucan training on the control of Leishmania braziliensis infection in IL-32Tg or wild-type (WT) mice. The mice were trained with -glucan and infected with L. braziliensis in the paw (105 or 106 parasites). We evaluated: lesion size, parasite load, histopathological characteristics, cytokines in macerated of the infected paws, lymph node and bone marrow cell cultures. Macrophages were derived from bone marrow precursors from WT or IL-32Tg animals after training in vivo and infected with L. braziliensis to evaluate phagocytosis and leishmanicidal activity. In IL-32Tg mice infected with 105 parasites, when compared to WT animals, -glucan training led to an increase in lesion size on week 3 of infection, associated with an increased inflammatory process and increased production of interferon gamma (IFN); and less parasitic load and less intense inflammatory process after 8 weeks of infection. In bone marrow cell cultures of IL-32Tg animals, 7 days after -glucan injection, there was an increase in IL-1production after stimulation with Leishmania antigens. The phagocytic activity of macrophages from IL-32Tg animals trained with -glucan was higher than that of trained WT animals, but the ability to control infection was similar. Data with inoculum of 105 parasites suggest that IL-32 enhances the effects of