Os povos indígenas, o turismo e o território: um olhar sobre os Tremembé e os Jenipapo-Kanindé do Ceará
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2012-04-03
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This thesis compares two situations in which Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern region of Brazil have been affected by projects of tourism which have become catalysts of ethnic affirmation. The situations focused in this thesis, of Indigenous peoples of Ceará state, localised in municipalities of the Eastern and Western Coastal Zones are similar, since these peoples have suffered pressures exerted by large consortia of companies which aimed to take over Indigenous Lands to construct projects of tourism. The Tremembé people of São José and Buriti Indigenous Land, in Marinheiros district, municipality of Itapipoca, have organized themselves as an Indigenous people and demand that the Brazilian National State recognize their Land Rights through the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) since they are facing the threat of a project of tourism financed by foreign capital with support from the Brazilian government the Nova Atlântida Cidade Turística, Residencial e de Serviços LT. This tourism complex, considered to be a mega project of Spanish investments, is directed especially to the flow of foreign visitors. The investment came under investigation by the Council of Control of Financial Activities (COAF), of the Treasury Department, because of financial movements which were supposedly incompatible with its partners, as has been announced by some vehicles of communication. Even so, the Tremembé people of São José and Buriti suffered pressure from representatives of the Nova Atlântida, trying to expropriate their Indigenous Lands, consequently causing conflicts among these Indigenous people, the majority of whom were against the setting up of Nova Atlântida. Others let themselves be coopted by offers of money by representatives of the project, leading to internal disputes in the four villages, including disputes between persons of the same family. The Jenipapo-Kanindé people of the Aldeia Lagoa Encantada Indigenous Land, in the municipality of Aquiraz, managed to get their Indigenous Lands demarcated by the FUNAI. This Indigenous people has been successful in stopping the building of an international project of tourism Aquiraz Riviera Consórcio Luso-Brasileiro Aquiraz Investimentos SA on their lands, and have set up a community tourism project in their village with the support of partners from the university, the government and the third sector. The Jenipapo-Kanindé people, through this self-management project, have joined the Rede Cearense de Turismo Comunitário (REDE TUCUM). The Tremembé people of São José e Buriti, resisting the occupation of their lands, have used their Indigenous identity and ethnic affirmation in an attempt to stop the Nova Atlântida from taking over their lands. The Jenipapo-Kanindé, to stop the Aquiraz Riviera Consórcio Luso-Brasileiro Aquiraz Investimentos SA project from being built on their lands have used ethnic affirmation and at present are setting up their own community tourism project, Educação Integral para a Sustentabilidade e o Desenvolvimento do Turismo Comunitário na Terra Indígena (TI) Jenipapo-Kanindé, as a means of living and as a manifestation of their ethnic affirmation. Both these Indigenous people are going through processes of ethnic re-elaboration and are claiming through government institutions that their lands be recognised as Indigenous Lands. In this discussion about tourism as a vector Indigenous identity in the face of territorial transformations, qualitative and quantitative research has been done at the interface of Geography and Anthropology.
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LUSTOSA, Isis Maria Cunha. Indigenous people, tourism and territory: an investigation of the Tremembé and the Jenipapo-Kanindé of Ceará state. 2012. 280 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciencias Humanas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2012.