Doutorado em Geografia (IESA)
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Item Estimativa de parâmetros biofísicos no Cerrado, em paisagens agrícolas e nativas, a partir de sensores imageadores embarcados em plataformas aéreas não tripuladas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-04-12) Lima, Gabriella Santos Arruda de; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4498594723433539; Ferreira , Manuel Eduardo; Barreira, Sybelle; Ruiz, Luis Fernando Chimelo; Ferreira Júnior, Laerte Guimarães; Bueno, Guilherme TaitsonIn recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), identified here by the acronym UAV, for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, have rapidly advanced remote sensing systems, allowing for effective assessment of agricultural crops and natural areas through the processing and integration of field data and various sensors embedded in UAVs. This study addresses the scarcity of biomass and carbon estimates in integrated livestock and crop systems (iLP) and highlights the use of onboard sensors of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as an efficient and cost-effective method for acquiring precise remote sensing data. In this thesis (comprised of three articles), the first research was conducted in an experimental iLP area of Embrapa Rice and Bean, in the core area of the Goiás Cerrado, employing high-resolution multispectral aerial images to estimate the relationship between vegetation indices (VIs) and carbon stock in an upland rice field intercropped with Brachiaria, a species of exotic grass from the Brazilian Cerrado ecosystem. The results indicated that VIs incorporating near-infrared (NIR) exhibited a stronger correlation with biomass than those using only visible band information. Regression models successfully predicted biomass and carbon stock at different stages of the iLP cycle. Maps were generated showing the spatial and temporal distribution of biomass, emphasizing the advantages of using drones and multispectral sensors in this type of analysis. The second study organized in this research, also conducted in the company's experimental area in Goiás, explored the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) in different crops and soil coverages through multispectral images captured by drones. The method employed - SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving) - showed good agreement for ET between drone and satellite data, highlighting its applicability and flexibility, without depending on satellite images affected by clouds or monitoring towers in the field. The study highlights the importance of integrated agricultural practices to better manage water resources and minimize negative impacts on the Cerrado's hydrological system. Lastly, the third study investigated the use of multispectral sensors onboard UAVs to monitor nitrogen status in agricultural crops, specifically in irrigated rice cultivation. The results demonstrated that aerial sensors performed well in estimating agronomic parameters related to nitrogen status, such as total above-ground biomass, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf area index, at different phenological stages of the rice cycle. This method shows promise in overcoming the limitations of satellite cloud cover and providing greater coverage with shorter operating times, compared to field optical sensors (non-imaging). These studies highlight the relevance and effectiveness of using drones and multispectral sensors for various agricultural applications, ranging from carbon and biomass estimation in integrated systems to monitoring evapotranspiration and nutrient status in specific crops, thereby contributing to a more sustainable and efficient management of the natural resources of the Cerrado.Item O estudo dos componentes físico-naturais e o desenvolvimento do pensamento geográfico no ensino médio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-06-07) Xavier, Maria Pereira da Silva; Morais, Eliana Marta Barbosa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3615558165803518; Morais, Eliana Marta Barbosa de; Pereira, Marcelo Esteban Garrido; Evangelista, Armstrong Miranda; Souza, Vanilton Camilo de; Moraes, Loçandra Borges deSchool Geography in High School must be developed with the intention to contribute with the citizen formation of the young student. From this understanding, the present work aims to understand how the study of physical-natural components, from the theme of flooding, can contribute to the development of Geographical Thinking in young students of High School, favoring the construction of scientific concepts and the development of conceptual-theoretical thinking. And seek to contribute with this demand from overcoming a problem present in High School, limited to the little interest that this stage of Basic Education arouses in young students. With this purpose, Geography Teaching was inserted into the debate, based on the study of physicalnatural components, as we understand that School Geography has the specificity of analyzing geographical space area, the living space of the young student, and meets the necessary conditions to be a meaningful Teaching for this young person. To achieve the proposed objective, we resort to a theoretical basis that covers different fields of knowledge, among which we highlight, in the field of education Shulman (2014), in the field of psychology Vigotski (2009), in the field of geographic science Santos (1997 , 2012), in the field of Geography Teaching Cavalcanti (2002, 2005, 2019, 2021), Roque Ascensão (2009), Morais (2011), Morais and Roque Ascenção (2021) and Callai (2001, 2010, 2015) and to understand urban flooding, we consulted Tucci (2004, 2007). This is qualitative research and presents characteristics of critical interpretative tradition research. It was developed with the contribution of four Geography teachers who work in High School, in private and public schools, in the city of Floriano/PI. Through questionnaires, interviews, class observations and workshops, we sought to know the pedagogical practice of these teachers, their knowledge regarding the Geography teaching, the physical-natural components and floodings, as well as how these contents are taught in the classroom. In the development of the thesis, it was possible to note that Geography Teaching, when working the physicalnatural components, in the perspective of formation of scientific concepts and theoretical-scientific thinking, contributes to the development of Geographical thinking, thus becoming a meaningful knowledge to young High School students. We have seen that when are worked in the classes themes which take into consideration the daily life of students, their background knowledge mobilizing theoretical-methodological framework (structuring concepts, principles and methods) developed by geographic science, the teacher can contribute to the construction of scientific concepts and with the conceptual theoretical development of young students. The contribution of this study involves the connection made between the importance of High School in the training of young students and the importance of Geography Teaching, in terms of the formation of scientific concepts and the development of a specific way of thinking, which allows them to understand their living space, favoring their citizen activity. And also, by bringing up issues related to teacher work, which contribute to Geography Teaching being guided taking the development of geographical thinking as reference.Item Proposta metodológica para mapeamento da vulnerabilidade à perda de solos: estudo de caso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marataoan, Piauí(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-02-05) Leal, Janaira Marques; Aquino, Cláudia Maria Sabóia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0090245396610980; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4172719252263913; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Romão, Patrícia de Araújo; Silva, Gladis de Fátima Nunes da; Valladares, Gustavo Souza; Nascimento, Diego Tarley FerreiraThe general objective of this research is to present a methodology for mapping vulnerability to soil loss, improving the proposal by Crepani et. al (2001), by replacing the “dissection index” with the parameter “shape of the slopes” (overlap of horizontal and vertical curvatures) and the “altimetric amplitude” with the HAND model - Height Above the Nearest Drainage. As specific objectives, the work aims to characterize the geoenvironmental aspects of the Marataoan River watershed (geology, geomorphology, hydrography, land use and cover, climate and soil associations); discuss the theoreticalmethodological assumptions of Crepani et.'s methodology. al (2001); test and evaluate the proposed adaptations regarding geomorphological parameters. As main results, an analysis of the vertical dissection of the study area was carried out through the application of the HAND algorithm, observing that the class that stands out in the area is the moderate one, with 40.9%, followed by the low vulnerability class, with 36.3%. Regarding the use of Vertical and Horizontal Curvatures in the analysis of water flow and its relationship with the intensity of rain erosion, the area highlighted the low and high vulnerability classes, being 51.3% and 35.5% of the total surface, respectively. It was observed that the proposed analysis model, integrating new geoenvironmental variables, characterized in a more coherent way the possible areas of material loss by linear erosion, in convergent areas with flow concentration, and by laminar erosion, in divergent areas with dispersion of flow. Therefore, the parameters used to adapt the methodology of Crepani et al. (2001) proved to be of fundamental importance in the relationship between the environment and occurring erosion processes. Thus, the present research is relevant to support the analysis of the erosive vulnerability of the Marataoan river basin, in order to guide interventions by public authorities with a view to sustainable development both in the study area studied here and in other areas to apply the same method.Item Índice de Privação Territorial em Unidade de Conservação (IPTUC): análise integrada do território e da saúde de comunidades rurais que coexistem com unidades de conservação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-02-06) Mendonça, Daniella Souza de; Barros, Juliana Ramalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3897963687114981; Barros, Juliana Ramalho; Costa, Kênia Gonçalves; Souza, Lucas Barbosa e; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felicio; Souza, Lorena Francisco deThe connection between territory and health is an issue that requires a multidimensional research approach and has been increasingly debated by studies carried out along the lines of Health Geography. Understanding the impacts of implementing Conservation Units in already inhabited territories is essential for analyzing the health of local populations and understanding how territorial management can make a community vulnerable or increase its strength. This research has as its main objective the creation of an index capable of analyzing the territorial deprivation of rural communities that resid in territories converted into Conservation Units, in this case, in the APA and PARNA Cavernas do Peruaçu. The research is composed by three complementary scales and times that were worked on in accordance with specific objectives, namely: the investigation of the historical process in which the occupation of the region (Peruaçu river basin) where the studied communities are located took place; the analysis of how communities are understood in the Management Plan of the National Park and APA Cavernas do Peruaçu, bringing a legal approach in relation to the use and possession of the territory and its possible consequences for the communities; the characterization of the territory and communities of Fabião I and Retiro, bringing a perspective of what is consolidated in the throbbing daily life; and the creation of the Territorial Deprivation Index in Conservation Units (IPTUC). This case study was based on bibliographical research, document analysis, primary data collecting, descriptive observation, interviews, descriptive and conclusive statistics. In the interviews and application of the semi-structured questionnaire, study variables were investigated, such as: education level, income, age, family composition, housing quality, eating habits, environmental conditions, access to health/basic sanitation, belonging, power ratio, coexistence with the drought and finally the respondents' relationship with the Cavernas do Peruaçu Park and Environmental Protection Area. The thesis is that the result of the Territorial Deprivation Index in Conservation Unit (IPTUC) in the Retiro community will present lower results in relation to the Fabião I community due to the legal use and restrictive territorial management imposed after the creation of PARNA Cavernas from Peruaçu.Item Do consenso da fome à soberania alimentar: políticas públicas e produção de alimentos saudáveis na região metropolitana de Goiânia (GO)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-03-22) Peixoto, Ângela Maria Martins; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1909084450648691; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; Mendonça, Marcelo Rodrigues; Coca, Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas; Cruz, Fabiana Thomé da; Furtado, Ariandeny Silva de SouzaThe present study addresses as a central theme the analysis of public food acquisition policies, focusing on the relationship between food production, institutional markets and short circuits in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia (RMG) in the light of a geographical reading. The objective of the research is to understand the role of institutional markets for the promotion of two short marketing circuits and for the construction of food sovereignty in Brazil, with the territorial cutback being RGM in the period from 2003 to 2020. The hypothesis is that the Brazilian food system is controlled by food empires that prioritize the production of commodities and industrialized/ultra-processed foods, promoting the subordination of land income from peasant agriculture, the rise of large supermarket chains and the standardization of eating habits, which contributes to the loss of dietary diversity and the maintenance of hunger. For this, the methodological procedures consisted of bibliographical research, secondary data collection from IBGE, CONAB, CEASA-GO, Rede Penssan; carrying out fieldwork in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia (RMG), and carrying out an online survey on the food purchasing habits of Brazilians. The class nature of the State is adopted as an assumption, which is made up of power blocs, in favor of the dominant classes. The evaluation of the implementation of public food acquisition policies revealed significant results for achieving food and nutritional security and for the commercialization of peasant production through institutional markets. However, these changes were limited to government policies, which did not guarantee the maintenance of the advances achieved in combating hunger with the rise of neoliberalism. Thus, with the political, social, and economic crisis that took place since 2016, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and the dismantling of public social policies, such as the PAA, Brazil returned to the Hunger Map, causing 33 million Brazilians to live with hunger again, in a country that leads the production of agricultural commodities on the world market. This research highlights the correlation between the State and the founding elements of food production, circulation, distribution, and consumption, highlighting the disparities in relation to subsidies allocated to peasant agriculture and agribusiness. In effect, the production of commodities is prioritized over food production, through a production and circulation infrastructure promoted by the State. The constitution of this hegemonic food system is also marked by the expansion of food empires, promoting food standardization with the dissemination of industrialized and ultra-processed products and the subordination of peasants and consumers in the marketing and consumption processes. Such aspects highlight the Hunger Consensus. However, despite the predominance of long marketing circuits and the substantial increase in hunger, field observations have shown that it is possible to rethink this food system and promote short marketing circuits by bringing farmers and consumers closer together. Thus, counter-hegemonic actions are crucial for strengthening food sovereignty, with the valorization of peasant agriculture and agro-ecological production, guaranteeing access to healthy food in the countryside and in the city.Item Erosão quaternária nas superfícies escalonadas do Brasil Central(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-12-15) Caminhas, Francielle Gonçalves; Siame, Lionel Louis; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson Bueno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1585424190030655; Bueno , Guilherme Taitson; Cherem , Luis Felipe Soares; Lima, Claudia Valeria de; Zancopé , Márcio Henrique de Campos; Leite, Marcos EsdrasThe dynamic process of denudation renews and sculpts landscapes, reflecting the interplay between terrain lowering (downwearing) and the lateral retreat of slopes (backwearing). This interaction occurs through cycles of erosion (degradation) and deposition (aggradation), shaping the relief. This study aims to assess denudation, measured by cosmogenic nuclide beryllium-10, and its impact on the geomorphological evolution of the stepped surfaces in the Serra Geral region of Goiás, Brazil. The adopted methodology included: 1) geomorphological compartmentalization using morphometric analysis and remote sensing; 2) the selection of 20 representative hydrographic basins for the collection of fluvial channel sediments; 3) the collection of samples from surface formations at the top of a planation surface (Intermediate Surface); 4) the analysis of beryllium-10 (10Be) concentration in the collected materials, conducted at the ASTER AMS laboratory (CEREGE), Université Aix-Marseille, to determine the denudation rates of the sub-basins that flow into the Paranã and Tocantins rivers. Central to our hypothesis is the idea that a complex denudational dynamic shapes the evolution of the Serra Geral de Goiás and the incorporated surfaces, influenced by factors such as mass movements, fluvial incision, and aggradation zones. We identified four distinct regional compartments, characterized by differences in relief, pedological cover, and vegetation: (I) Central Plateau; (II) Intermediate Surface (divided into Remnant and Dissected); (III) Paranã Gap; and (IV) Escarpment, Mountainous Complex, and Relictual (Veadeiros Plateau; front of the Serra Geral Cuesta and relictual reliefs). The first three units were correlated with the South American surfaces, South American I, and South American II, according to Valadão (2009). Through the measurement of 10Be in fluvial sediments, it was observed that denudation rates are higher in basins linked to the escarpment of the Serra Geral, with a median rate of 87±9 m Myr-1 and variations from 43±4 to 196±61 m Myr-1 . This variation suggests greater instability in certain sectors, possibly due to the prevalence of mass movements and the remontant fluvial incision that forms festoons in the escarpment and captures watercourses from the São Francisco basin. The median denudation rate for the basins of the Intermediate Surface is 25±2 m Myr-1 , ranging from 11±1 to 44±4 m Myr-1 . The median denudation rate for the top of this surface was 11 m Myr-1 , suggesting greater stability in the planed sector, while the more aggressive hydrographic network of the Paranã rivers intensifies the excavation of the surface. For the Central Plateau, the estimated rate is 9±1 m Myr-1 . These data indicate a horizontal retreat of the escarpment to the east at a rate of 78±10 m Myr-1 (N-S extension). The vertical denudation difference between the Central Plateau and the Intermediate Surface is 16±3 m Myr-1 , indicating that the planation of the latter began between the Middle and Upper Miocene (8 to 18 Myr) and that the surfaces are reducing at different intensities. The Central Plateau presents an average excavation rate of 13±1 m Myr-1 , while the Intermediate Surface and the Paranã Gap show average rates of 32±1 m Myr-1 and 53±5 m Myr-1 , respectively. The consistent denudation, as evidenced by isotopic denudation rates, highlights the Intermediate Surface as a pediplain of prolonged exposure, which integrates into the regional geomorphological dynamics, with a median denudation rate of 25 meters per million years (m Myr-1 ), following the escarpment retreat. The stepped surfaces of this region are shaped by structural, climatic, and hydrogeological factors. Mass movements and wet areas are fundamental, as they influence denudation rates and contribute to the conservation of the geomorphological system. On surfaces with less incision and more resistant rocks, planation prevails, resulting in reduced denudation rates. On the other hand, on the Intermediate Surface, characterized by more aggressive incision and drainage, denudation rates are moderate to high. Fluvial erosion is directed by two main erosive fronts: one acts on the Intermediate Surface, under the control of the basal surface of the Paranã, and the other progresses over the plateaus from the escarpment, intensified by mass movements. The latter are crucial for the high denudation rates, while wet areas play a significant role in the aggradation process and sediment retention, acting as barriers to denudation on the Intermediate Surface and favoring geomorphological stability and river permanence.Item Avaliação da produção científica em geografia no Brasil: vínculos entre a política de avaliação de periódicos e as políticas da pósgraduação entre 1998 e 2021(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-01-19) Alencar, Juheina Lacerda Ribeiro Viana; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1909084450648691; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; Salgado, Tathiana Rodrigues; Arrais, Tadeu Alencar; Lima, Leandro Oliveira de; Castilho, DenisScience can be considered as a wide information production system through letters, scientific articles, books, reviews, among others. This information registration is called scientific production and covers a range of publications released during or after a research. Because of the university extension, it emerged the need to think about the graduate system consolidation that needed to be institutionalized and regulated. In order to achieve the goal, in 1951, Capes was created, becoming one of the main institutions to foster research in Brazil and abroad. Its main activity is in graduate programs to define scientific production quality parameters and to foster Master and PhDs scholarships. Capes activity has been amplified with the university extension and the new society requests all over the years. The scientific and informational development occurred in Brazil after the 60s intensified the extension of scientific journals, which became the main tool of scientific dissemination nowadays. This process caused the need to evaluate the graduate programs and the scientific journals whose three-year term or four-year term are evaluated considering general and specific aspects of each area, resulting in a stratification product capable of demonstrating national relevance. Therefore, there is a strong bond between the scientific journals and the graduate systems evaluation where professors and students present their research. This research aims to relate the journals and graduate evaluation, considering that the stratification changes the relationship between publications and graduate politics, interfering directly on quantitative and qualitative requirements.Item Formação continuada de professores de geografia no contexto da Educação de Adolescentes, Jovens e Adultos (EAJA) Goiânia: contribuições para a materialização curricular(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-02-05) Silva, Marcos Pedro da; Bueno, Miriam Aparecida; Bueno, Miriam Aparecida; Santos, Ênio José Serra dos; Spironello, Rosângela Lurdes; Cavalcanti, Lana de Souza; Souza, Vanilton Camilo deThis research investigates the Continuing Training of Geography Teachers (FCPG) within the scope of Adolescent, Young and Adult Education (EAJA) in the Municipal Education Network (RME) of Goiânia. Therefore, it is based on the hypothesis that this training cannot meet the training demands of teachers in the context of the Geography curriculum at EAJA, from the perspective of dialogue with scientific knowledge, and it is therefore necessary to advance with regard to curricular materialization. In its basic premise, the research is justified by its scientific relevance, in the sense of contributing to the educational community and by the passion of the researcher, Geography professor, for the EAJA modality. To carry out this investigation, the general objective is to analyze the contributions of the RME/Goiânia Training, offered to Geography teachers at EAJA, considering the construction of the curriculum of this component. Thus, the paths taken to implement it were: 1) know the theoreticalmethodological approach and the curricular perspective that support the FCPG at EAJA; 2) investigate the theoretical contributions and the context of Continuing Teacher Training from the Goiânia Network in the organization and development of the pedagogical work of Geography teachers; 3) evaluate the scientific knowledge included in the curricular dimension of Geography from the perspective of the materialization and training demands of Geography teachers; and 4) develop guidelines that meet the needs and propositions highlighted by Geography teachers for continued training in their pedagogical practices. The theoretical and methodological framework that supports this research is based on: Vygotsky (1984; 1987), Freire (1979, 1980, 1986, 2001, 2003, 2004), Saviani (2013), Libâneo (2012, 2013), Gadotti ( 2007), Cavalcanti (2002, 2014, 2019), Santos (1978, 1996, 2014), Portugal et al. (2016), Kimura (2008), Oliveira (2010), Bento and Oliveira (2012), Castrogiovanni (2009), Pontuschka et al. (2009), Martins et al. (2019), Zanette (2017), Marconi and Lakatos (2003), Gil (2008), Minayo (1994), Diniz-Pereira (2011), among several other authors who discuss the topic, understand the human being as a social subject , historically constituted, and who understand reality as a process of action-reflection-action of quality education for the social transformation of subjects. Several legal documents were also used that guide and support the topic in Brazil and in the municipality of Goiânia-GO. The thesis has a qualitative approach and is based on dialectical historical materialism which, according to Frigotto (1989), makes it possible to examine objects and phenomena in process, based on their movement and development. As a procedural typology, descriptive and exploratory field research is presented and, furthermore, bibliographical and documentary research is used for description and analysis. The instruments chosen to generate the data were strategically designed to find ways to reveal the object under study. Professionals with a degree in Geography are invited to participate in the interviews from a sampling point of view and the census nature of the research. The discussion of theoretical-methodological concepts and the organization of the curriculum presented in the Pedagogical Political Proposal (PPP) of the modality prevails, in a broad sense, but without contemplating or addressing specific issues of each curricular component from the perspective of theoretical and methodological dialogue with knowledge scientists in Geography Teaching. Next, analyzes of the data found with the participation of professionals with a degree in Geography and who work at EAJA/EJA are presented, with the aim of understanding their trajectories, actions and experiences in the FCP dimension of the Network. Based on the analyses, the conclusion comes with the suggestion of a training and performance plan for guidance and contribution to the Continuing Training of Geography Teachers (FCPG), in order to add values and concepts used in the component, in proposing a quality education for the EAJA/EJA modality, which has meaning and significance for the materialization of the Geography curriculum. The thesis highlights the importance of teacher training to implement the Geography curriculum in Youth and Adult Education (EAJA/EJA), promoting a critical and interdisciplinary educational approachItem Industrialização e políticas governamentais: dispersão e concentração da indústria em Anápolis, Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-23) Cunha, Wânia Chagas Faria; Salgado, Tathiana Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0453450405323422; Oliveira, Adriano Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1909084450648691; Salgado; Salgado, Tathiana Rodrigues; Castilho, Denis; Arrais, Tadeu Pereira Alencar; Lima, Leandro Oliveira de; Arriel, Marcos FernandoThis research has os its centrais theme the industrialization process developed in Goiás under the aegis of the State and how this reverberated in the Anapoli industry. Anápolis, thanks to the logistical potential it occupies in the regional and national space of Goiás, has enjoyed significant economic growth throughout its history. When analyzing this process, above all, the industrial evolution of the municipality, it is clear that it presented and still presents close convergence with the industrialization process that occurred in the state and in the country. Anápolis, over time, adapted to the demands and changes that occurred in the state and national economy, given the articulation of spaces in the regional division of labor. This led to changes in the roles played by Anápolis in the Goiás scene over time. What can be observed when analyzing the industrialization process that took place in this city, where two categories of industries were established: dispersed and concentrated. Denominations directly linked to spatial location and whether or not the State supports it. The literature review allowed us to observe two industrialization processes. One that began from the beginning of the emergence of this municipality, based on the transformation of local products and those from neighboring regions, sometimes to meet the needs of the population, sometimes to process the raw material to be exported by railway. This emerged timidly, financed by local capital and gained importance in the regional scenario, making the municipality the most industrialized in Goiás, still in the 1960s. The other began to take shape in 1970, based on the economic condition that Anápolis achieved in the regional scenario but, above all, in correspondence with the national moment, marked by industrial deconcentration and in convergence with the industrialization policy that was beginning to be unleashed by the State. In this process, Anápolis, taking advantage of its logistical and economic potential in the regional scenario, was chosen to host the first industrial district in the state, the Anápolis Agroindustrial District – DAIA – opened in 1976. However, when analyzing the industrialization process of Anápolis, a certain discrepancy was noticed. The dispersed industry did not evolve in diversity and economic importance and the concentrated one assumed the importance of this segment in the city, due to the numerous benefits received, but it is not articulated with the other activities in the municipality and with the profile of the state. To achieve the results, we looked back at economic history, especially regarding the industrialization of the city, state and country from the past to the present day. This context led to the following general objective: to understand how the industrialization of Anápolis occurred, in the context of national and state policies to promote industrialization, as well as its current configuration. To achieve this objective, the following methodological procedures were adopted: bibliographical survey on the evolution of the Anapoli industrialization process; theoretical review regarding Brazilian and Goiás industrialization; collection of secondary socioeconomic data; documentary survey of Anapoli industries, field research and production of thematic maps. The results made it possible to identify and characterize the dispersed and concentrated industries in Anápolis, as well as their importance for the municipality's economy. Finally, it can be seen that the fiscal incentives of industrialization policies applied in the municipality have limited scope in promoting the diversification and strengthening of the Anapolina industry, favoring industries with external capital and located in DAIA, to the detriment of industries with local capital, based in other regions of the municipality, these less capital intensive and with greater capacity to generate employment and consequently income for the population.Item O trabalho de campo como aula: potencialidades para a formação do pensamento geográfico na educação básica(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-12-13) Radtke, Domitila Theil; Morais, Eliana Marta Barbosa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3615558165803518; Morais, Eliana Marta Barbosa de; Dias, Liz Cristiane; Carneiro, Vandervilson Alves; Souza, Vanilton Camilo de; Bueno, Guilherme TaitsonEn esta tesis de doctorado, se objetiva comprender cuáles y cómo se dan los conocimientos docentes necesarios al desarrollo de trabajos de campo en la Geografía Escolar por los profesores de la “Rede Municipal de Goiânia/GO”. Por ello, fue necesario: analizar la historicidad y la producción bibliográfica sobre trabajo de campo en Geografía, con énfasis en lo que se ha producido en tesis de doctorado y maestría en los Programas de Posgrado, en el área de la Enseñanza de Geografía sobre el Brasil; investigar el rol del estudiante y del profesor de Geografía en el desarrollo de trabajos de campo, para que esa metodología favorezca el aprendizaje, crecimiento y construcción de nuevos conocimientos por parte del estudiante; presentar bases de conocimiento cognitivo y de aprendizaje escolar que deben ser movilizados en trabajos de campo con la finalidad de favorecer el aprendizaje escolar; señalar el trabajo de campo como potencializador del aprendizaje geográfico en el ámbito de la Educación Básica en la perspectiva del aula de Geografía. De ese modo, en la primera sección, se subraya la importancia de los trabajos de campo para la enseñanza e investigación en Geografía a lo largo de la historicidad de esa ciencia, visando comprender su transformación a largo plazo, y, por tanto, consideramos reflexiones clásicas y contemporáneas como Lacoste (2006), Alentejano y Rocha-leão (2006) y Pires do Rio (2018). También a través del Estado del Conocimiento, se ha creado un panorama de qué y cómo esa temática ha sido trabajada en tesis de doctorado y maestría brasileñas. A partir de esas reflexiones, se busca avanzar teórico metodológicamente y contribuir para un mejor desarrollo de esa metodología para la enseñanza de Geografía. En la segunda sección, se presentan los participantes de la investigación, con el objetivo de comprender cómo la formación inicial contribuyó e influenció en la perspectiva de los trabajos de campo desarrollados por posibles retos en la actuación de esos docentes. Para ello, fueron realizadas encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuradas junto a cinco profesores de la “Rede Municipal de Educação de Goiânia”. De esa forma, se cuenta con referencias en el ámbito de la formación, actuación y conocimientos docentes con énfasis en los análisis de Shulman (2014) y Libâneo (2009); discusiones en el ámbito geográfico desde la perspectiva de Santos (2005), Moreira (2007) y Gomes (2009); y, también, en el ámbito del trabajo de campo y la enseñanza de la Geografía con Morais y Lima (2018), Compiani y Carneiro (1993), entre otros. En la tercera sección, se analizan los sistemas conceptuales sobre el trabajo de campo erigidos por los profesores participantes. Optamos por trabajar con la construcción de sistemas conceptuales que, desde una perspectiva vygotskiana, permitan analizar los procesos de generalización e internalización del conocimiento docente de los participantes, según Morais (2022). En vista de esto, se discute los trabajos de campo a partir del conocimiento de los contenidos desde la perspectiva de Shulman (2014) y de los conocimientos metodológicos, con énfasis en la planificación y el uso de recursos, lenguajes, estrategias o metodologias. En cuanto a los materiales desarrollados por los docentes, se notó que el mayor destaque en las propuestas de trabajo de campo de los profesores estaban en cómo ellos propiciaban la participación del estudiante. Así, las propuestas son clasificadas en: el estudiante observador, el estudiante ahora es observador y ahora participante; y el estudiante participante. En la última sección, se discute la relación entre el aprendizaje y el desarrollo desde uma perspectiva vygotskiana, en línea con las reflexiones de Cavalcanti (2010, 2011, 2016); Couto (2006, 2009, 2010, 2014) y Ferreira (2017) que trabajan en la perspectiva geográfica del aprendizaje a partir de la formación de conceptos. El intuito fue caracterizar los elementos esenciales que pueden componer el trabajo de campo para que él, de hecho, favorezca la formación del pensamiento geográfico. Por lo tanto, también se analiza el rol de la Didáctica y de los conocimientos docentes, con el objetivo de orientar la actuación docente durante el desarrollo de esa metodología en la Educación Básica. Por último, se explana sobre la concepción del trabajo de campo entendido como clase de Geografía, realizada en ambiente externo al, y se elabora un sistema conceptual a partir de lo que entendemos ser fundamental para el desarrollo de los trabajos de campo en la concepción de la clase, es decir, como momento de enseñanza y aprendizaje que necesita preocuparse con una serie de principios y orientaciones objetivando la construcción del pensamiento geográfico por parte del estudiante, así como toda la clase de Geografía.Item Os riscos tecnológicos na sociedade de risco: possíveis danos da poluição eletromagnética à saúde humana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-12-12) Alves, Mônica Oliveira; Barros, Juliana Ramalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3897963687114981; Barros, Juliana Ramalho; Leite, Marcos Esdras; Lima, Cláudia Valéria de; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Santos, Nicali Bleyer Ferreira dosThe technological advancement experienced from the mid-20th century onwards has brought about a series of transformations in modern society. This applies both in terms of the benefits and conveniences offered by new technologies and the potential health risks, such as electromagnetic pollution, generated by products and infrastructures designed to meet the needs of urban populations. Globally, there is a growing public and regulatory concern about the impacts on human health due to exposure to risks generated by high-voltage power transmission lines in urban areas. In this context, there is a noticeable need to investigate this issue in Brazil, where cities, both medium and large, have experienced rapid and unplanned population growth, leading many people to reside near these infrastructures. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze the issues related to the health risks generated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation from high-voltage power transmission lines in the urban space of Montes Claros/MG. The chosen location for the investigation was the city of Montes Claros, located in the north of Minas Gerais, where various population groups were observed inhabiting areas considered exposed to electromagnetic pollution generated by the mentioned sources. The methodological procedures involved literature and documentary research, mapping of areas exposed to risk, and surveys with the general population, particularly those residing in one of the risk areas in the city of Montes Claros. The results obtained demonstrated that there are various population groups residing in risk areas in the city, often in locations where occupation occurred irregularly, such as in the servitude zones of high-voltage lines, accentuating social exclusion and socio-spatial segregation in Montes Claros. It was also noted that the population has limited awareness of the risks they are exposed to, hindering the search for strategies and actions by civil society to mitigate the problem. Given the identified issues, it is suggested that further studies be conducted, and precautionary measures be implemented regarding these risks. This should involve the participation of public and private entities, the scientific community, and the general public, promoting a democratic risk management approach in Montes Claros and other urban centers in Brazil.Item Da modernização à globalização alimentar: o local e o global na região metropolitana de Goiânia(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2024-08-18) Sena, Caio César Alencar de; Castilho, Denis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4271473426990028; Castilho, Denis; Menezes, Sônia de Souza Mendonça; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Araújo Sobrinho, Fernando Luiz; Mendonça, Marcelo RodriguesThe process of globalization of food cultures advances over the territories of the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia (RMG) in a forceful way. In this sense, it is proposed to discuss the dense and complex relationships between local, regional, and global contexts related to the intensification of foreign influences in the productions, habits, and food cultures of the people of Goiás. To this end, we evaluated elements such as: the role of the State in the modernization of agriculture, the mapping of the challenges of eating in the metropolis, the discussion about the paths and perspectives of globalization as well as its influences on urban landscapes, spectacularization of the act of eating, and the notions of food heritage. While we recognize the role of the food industry and its recurrent strategies of taste training and domination of regional cuisines via the cultural industry, we verify the impact of the main modern food discourses and practices in dialogue with the critical cultural perspective in Geography. The research methodology involved questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, fieldwork in the RMG, participant observation in food festivals, theoretical reviews, and critical analysis of the theme dialoguing mainly with the concept of territory. The outline of the thesis points out that food is an important cultural element of societies and that there is an ongoing exercise of power via the appropriation of eating habits and cultures that is almost irreversible, due to the current contours of globalization that advances over food and the meanings individuals attribute to them. In this process, the food industry and fast-food chains try to occupy the dining spaces of modern life, pushing traditional recipes, eating habits, local ingredients, and individuals’ significant moments with food to the background, or just for specific days of occasional rites, reaching people of all ages and social classes, in the countryside and in the cities, but especially in the big cities. There is a constant attempt to appropriate food cultures, where territories that are less strengthened in terms of their unique elements are more vulnerable to the impacts of globalization. As research results, we seek to contribute to structuring the concept of food globalization by noting that this phenomenon has changed the way societies and official bodies of memory and legislation organize our ancestral food heritage. We defend the strengthening of local and regional food culture based on new perspectives on Cerrado foods, in search of sovereign practices that strengthen small producers and expand the possibility of the state of Goiás to produce different foods, in addition to the ongoing monoculture. We recognize that food producers organized in cooperatives, when aware of their political and social role, can claim other directions for agricultural public policies. It is also verified that the Geographical Indications can present themselves as alternatives to social organization and valorization of food production more connected with individuals and the local cultures.Item A paisagem, o mapa e os raciocínios geográficos: mediação didática para o desenvolvimento do pensamento geográfico no ensino médio(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-05-25) Pinheiro, Igor de Araújo; Richter, Denis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9664892428037820; Richter, Denis; Cavalcanti, Lana de Souza; Bueno, Miriam Aparecida; Gomes, Marquiana de Freitas Vilas Boas; Duarte, Ronaldo GoulartThe development of students' geographic thinking should be the main objective of Geography school practices, in the current context. We believe in the relevance of knowing how to think about spatial issues, the order of phenomena and all the relationships between them, creating the possibility of exercising our citizenship more fully, as reasoning and thinking from a Geography perspective have proven to be important for understanding the spatiality of phenomena experienced by the subjects. In this way, we thought about how to guarantee the necessary conditions at school, through didactic mediation in high school, for the development of students' geographic thinking. Through this research, we sought to understand the potential of integration between the study of landscape, the use of maps and geographic reasoning of location, distribution, distance, density, scale and analogy for the development of geographic thinking in high school students. . To achieve this purpose, the following specific objectives will be pursued: deepen debates on the theoretical-conceptual bases of landscape and geographic reasoning, within the academic and school context of Geography; characterize maps as a potential language for didactic mediation of Geography school content; identify in school Geography the theoreticalmethodological foundations that guide didactic mediation and the formation of geographic thinking in High School; analyze the process of methodological integration between landscape, maps and geographic reasoning through Geography Didactic Mediation; and reflect on the theoretical-methodological elements established by Geography Didactic Mediation, which enhance the development of geographic thinking in high school students. Established as a qualitative research, based on the methodology of participatory research, in order to achieve the objectives mentioned above, it was necessary to carry out two stages of investigation: bibliographic and field. The latter involved the selection of two public schools in Teresina-PI (universe), two Geography teachers (subjects) and two High School classes (sample). Thus, six didactic sequences were developed, and three didactic sequences were applied in each school researched, over the course of three weeks of development of Geography Didactic Mediation, as well as a semi-structured interview with the teachers-subjects of the research and semi-structured questionnaires applied together. to students. The production, compilation and processing of data through the Content Analysis Technique (BARDIN, 1977) revealed the potential in operationalizing Geography Didactic Mediation that integrates the study of landscape, reading and construction of maps and geographic reasoning , which formed the basis for the development of geographic thinking among high school students.Item A consolidação do setor farmacêutico na economia global: crescimento, influência, desvios e marketing(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-02) Stacciarini, João Henrique Santana; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9540141505352914; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Castilho, Denis; Vasconcellos, Luiz Carlos Fadel de; Marques, Ana Carolina de Oliveira; Silva, Ronaldo daThis study investigates how the pharmaceutical sector has become one of the largest and most influential economic sectors of our time. It presents figures and information that support this claim and aims to elucidate the factors that contributed to such a rise. Since Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928, pharmaceutical industries have evolved from small entities - often family-owned and operating locally - to multinational corporations valued at hundreds of billions of dollars with global influence. However, beyond the discovery and diversification of drugs, increased demand, and expansion of production capacity, part of this evolution is underpinned by complex, and in some cases perverse, strategies prioritizing profit maximization over public and individual health. The findings of this study reveal that, over the past two decades, the sector's revenues have quadrupled, reaching $1.48 trillion in 2022, an amount comparable to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of developed countries such as Spain. The twenty largest companies in the sector have a combined market value of $3.5 trillion and assets totaling $1.86 trillion, generating annual revenues of $820 billion and profits of $181.6 billion. For context, the assets of these companies alone are comparable to the GDP of all Sub-Saharan African countries. Companies, like Johnson & Johnson, have a market value exceeding the GDP of 184 nations. The study also examines and discusses questionable practices adopted by the pharmaceutical industry, including investing billions in lobbying and election financing, influencing regulatory agencies, financially supporting patient organizations, sponsoring authors of "Clinical Guidelines", manipulating and concealing drug research and tests, and directing massive investments to strengthen ties with prescribers, university hospitals, and academic institutions. Concrete examples of these actions are provided, backed by studies, data surveys, and court decisions, underscoring the alarming consequences of this reality. Lastly, the research analyzes pharmaceutical marketing as a primary sales boost strategy. Despite drugs not being ordinary commodities, susceptible to promotion under the lens of rampant consumption, companies invest billions annually in directto-consumer advertising. In the Brazilian context, the pharmaceutical sector stands out as one of the main investors in marketing. In recent years, several companies in the field have ranked among the highest individual advertising spenders. The emergence of digital marketing strategies driven by the internet, advanced algorithms, and social networks, combined with advertising campaigns harmful to public and collective health, underscore a concerning and challenging scenario.Item Concentração de elementos potencialmente tóxicos e radionuclideos nos solos da área de influência do Parque Nacional das Emas(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-09-07) Ramalho, Fernanda Luisa; Cabral, João Batista Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1914332507525986; Cherem, Luis Felipe Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8363108286297687; Cherem, Luis Felipe Soares; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; Miyazaki, Leda Correia Pedro; Becegato, Valter Antonio; Rubin, Júlio Cesar Rubin deThe research was based on the explanation of the history of use and occupation of the Chapadões areas in the southwest of Goiás and, based on this analysis, the hypothesis that the soils, which are associated with the intensive use of agriculture and livestock, may be enriched with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and radionuclides , such as uranium, thorium and potassium (238U, 232Th and 40K). Based on this hypothesis, the main objective of the thesis is to evaluate the environmental quality of the soils of the river basins in the PARNA das Emas area of influence through the creation of Environmental Compartments that will serve as a reference for the plateau regions of the Brazilian cerrado. To achieve this objective, 3 specific objectives were proposed, namely: 1. Establish analogous natural areas of the river basins that drain the PARNA das Emas, with hydrographic sub-basins as a mapping unit, 2. Analyze the spatialization of EPTs and radionuclides in the chosen region ; 3. Analyze the levels of EPTs and radionuclides in the region's soils, based on the Environmental Compartments created. To achieve these objectives, it was supported by various methodologies, such as the creation of Landscape Units (UP), multivariate statistical analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) for the interpretation of ETPs and radionuclides data, in addition to the use of values reference based on CONAMA Resolution n.460/2003, Cetesb (2004) and work by (BOCARDI, 2019), to help support the geochemical values found in the area. As a result, the UP enabled the creation of eight Environmental Compartments (CA) that represent river basins outside the Emas National Park that are analogous to the river basins inside the Park. When comparing the results of CA EPTs with CONAMA Resolution n.460/2013 and Cetesb (2014) and the radiogenic elements with the work of Bocardi (2019) it is possible to verify that the elements that presented the greatest problems were the ETPs As and Cd , which resulted in research values in areas intended for agricultural use in CA-2 and CA-3. In CA-4, all points resulted in investigational values for As and Cd, both in agricultural areas and in PARNA das Emas. CA-5 showed investigational values for the ETPs As and Cd at points inside PARNA das Emas and in CA-6, P11, which is in the UC area, presented investigational value for As and prevention value for Cd. CA-7 and 8 resulted in prevention value for As and investigational value for Cd, both CA were in agricultural areas. Overall, the CA4 was the one that presented the most problems in relation to the elements analyzed. The PCA showed that different CAs can have the same response in relation to the spatialization of the elements, such as CA 8, 7 and 6 of group 3, which have the same characteristics due to the geological formation of the Vale do Rio do Peixe, which will give rise to to the sandiest soils in the region, with CA having fewer problems regarding the adsorption of elements. Group 4 also has points that have higher percentages of sand in their structure and groups 1 and 2 have a higher concentration of clay and OM in their structure. These are points that are mainly influenced by Detritus-Lateritic Covers. Through the outliers, the PCA was able to verify that there are CA (4, 2 and 1) that were enriched with P, Ca, Mg, in addition to ETPs and radionuclides from the management of agricultural areas. Therefore, they are different CAs that present the same response in relation to the type of use in question. These points are part of the plateau areas of Central Brazil, converted into extensive monoculture areas of sole, corn, sugar cane and cotton over the last 50 years. In this way, the PCA was crucial to demonstrate, above all, these points that are radically different from the others.Item Evolução da paisagem em relevo de chapada no Cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-08-11) Borges, Mariley Gonçalves; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1585424190030655; Bueno , Guilherme Taitson; Almeida, Maria Ivete Soares de; Leite, Marcos Esdras; Zancopé, Márcio Henrique de Campos; Bayer, MaximilianoThe objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the spatial representation of wetlands (veredas) in the context of the watershed from the Cerrado, the stage of evolution of the reliefs of planation surfaces and their reflections on the dynamics of the slopes and on the functioning of the river channels. The study was carried out in the watersheds of Catolé (BHCC) and Borrachudo (BHRB) rivers, in the North of Minas Gerais. It is justified by 1) the importance of understanding the evolution of the reliefs of planation surfaces in the Cerrado and its reflections on the landscapes, on the functioning of the slopes and on the hydrological dynamics of the river channels, in the context of the hydrographic basins; and 2) the environmental relevance of the Cerrado wetlands, which ar responsible for increasing the residence time of water in the basins, for the quality of river water, and for the stock of organic C. For this purpose, the morphometric study of the watersheds, the application of dissection and moisture indices, the estimation of soil loss potential (USLE) and the mapping and classification of wetlands were performed using geoprocessing. River discharge measurements, of the physical and physicochemical parameters of water analyzes were also carried out in loco and in the laboratory over a hydrological year. It was found that the wetlands of the BHCC have greater spatial representation than for BHRB, that is, 27.9 km² more area. The distribution of wetlands in the study area is associated with the areas of still preserved planation surfaces. Compared to the BHRB, it was found that the BHCC has less dissected relief, lower drainage density and lower slopes. Its moisture content is higher and the longitudinal profile of its main channel is less adjusted to the profile considered in "balance", that is, a significant part of the basin is located upstream of the main knickpoint of the channel, therefore not yet adjusted to the current baselevel. These characteristics are compatible with the hydrological, the physical and physicochemical parameters of water, which indicated that the Catolé river has a more regular flow and water with less turbidity, that is, less sediment transport in the basin. The results showed that the geomorphological evolution is at a more advanced stage in the BHRB, which indicates a natural tendency towards a decrease in wetlands area, predominance of dissected reliefs and greater transport of sediments by the river network.Item Sistemas imageadores acoplados em veículo aéreo remotamente pilotado no monitoramento de estresse hídrico em cultivos de algodão em Sorriso - MT(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-10-03) Souto, Roberto Nunes Vianconi; Zeilhofer, Peter; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1101747116364613; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4498594723433539; Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo; Alves Júnior, Leomar Rufino; Nascimento, Abadia dos Reis; Luiz, Gislaine Cristina; Jesuz, Cleberson Ribeiro deWith global climate change, extreme events are happening more frequently in the legal Amazon region. This affects both ecological and socioeconomic aspects, altering the landscape over vast areas. Increased fires and deforestation in the region, together with irregular hydrological events, exacerbate climate change, especially in the Amazon Basin and in Mato Grosso, the state that has been for many years a leader in deforestation and climate variation in the country. Crops such as cotton are particularly sensitive to these changes and the resulting water stress. Therefore, monitoring this indicator to understand its effects on Mato Grosso territory and environmental dynamics is essential. The use of remote sensing through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offers promising prospects for agricultural and environmental monitoring. In this context, the present research aimed to evaluate the applicability of sensors attached to a multirotor UAV to detect and monitor water stress in cotton planting. More specifically, we sought to analyze the performance of thermal and multispectral sensor imaging in the detection of water stress in a cotton planting experiment. In addition, the possible interference of crop varieties and covariates such as meteorological, climatic, and edaphic conditions on crop productivity, water stress detection, and productivity itself were evaluated. The methodology adopted was based on intensive field activities to parametrize the state of cotton plantations, considering water stress conditions in an experimental area at the Training and Technological Dissemination Center of the Northern Regional Nucleus of Mato Grosso Cotton Institute, located in the county of Sorriso - MT. The methodological procedures included three main blocks: field surveys, analysis of the spectral behavior of targets in multispectral and thermal images, and statistical analysis. As a result, it was found that thermal and multispectral sensors have the potential to identify areas of water stress. In general, the performance of thermal imaging. However, the multispectral sensor showed a relatively higher discrimination capacity in identifying stress in the early stages of the crop. Compared to the thermal sensor, another positive aspect of multispectral imaging is its strength against momentary weather variations. It is worth mentioning that the model combining monitoring with both types of sensors, thermal and multispectral, showed significantly better results.Item A procura do eco na atividade turística em Terra Ronca (GO)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-07-27) Aguiar Júnior, Paulo Roberto Ferreira de; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4172719252263913; Oliveira, Ivanilton José de; Moreira, Jorgeanny de Fátima Rodrigues; Chaveiro, Eguimar Felício; Castilho, Denis; Carvalho, Giselia LimaThe thesis aimed to investigate the lack of ecotourism activity in the Terra Ronca Integral Protection Conservation Unit (GO), which has the largest cave system in South America, and to understand why the activity does not meet the elements that would qualify the tourism activity carried out in its space as ecotourism. The methodology used included a case study in the conservation unit, literature review, data collection on websites such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), technical visits, and questionnaires applied to people directly involved in the tourist activity in the Park. Geography is essential for the study of ecotourism in conservation units, especially when using systemic thinking to understand the relationships between the environment and society. The systemic approach considers the interdependence of the elements and processes that constitute a system, allowing for a broader and more integrated analysis of the ecosystem in question. The results indicated that the low participation of the local population, especially those directly involved in tourist activity, along with the advancement of degradation of the cerrado biome and the inefficiency of the state, are the main reasons for the lack of ecotourism activity in Terra Ronca. Based on these conclusions, the thesis contributed to expanding the discussion on ecotourism development in Brazil and to raising awareness about the importance of environmental preservation and the involvement of the local population in sustainable tourism activities.Item Dinâmica da perda de solos no estado de Goiás entre 1985 - 2018(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-12-06) Rosa, Lucas Espíndola; Siame, Lionel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4086837091170460; Cherem, Luis Felipe Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8363108286297687; Cherem, Luis Felipe Soares; Nunes, Elizon Dias Nunes; Bueno, Guilherme Taitson; Zancopé, Márcio Henrique de Campos; Santos, Leonardo José CordeiroEstimating soil loss on a regional scale has been performed using quantitative methods and has been consolidated with the expanded use of Geographic Information Systems. The method with greater acceptance and better results to estimate soil losses is the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), a deterministic mathematical model with a systemic approach which is based on analyzing the interaction between the parts; it comprises a complex entity, which in this specific case is the loss of soil. RUSLE is constituted by the formula: A=R.K.LS.CP; a synthesis of the consideration of erosivity, erodibility, the topographic factor and soil use and cover, and presents representative accuracy in measuring soil losses, mainly with respect to its topographical factor. The Cerrado constitutes one of the most relevant Brazilian biomes and has about 52% of its remaining vegetation, of which only 33% belong to the state of Goiás (a central state in the composition of the biome), while there is only 15% remaining vegetation in its southern portion. Therefore, the following question arises based on this deforestation data, namely: Would deforestation be a conditioning factor for the increase in soil losses/degradation, or do its intrinsic factors, such as the topography, condition them? This work is a thesis due to the novelty of the multiscale verification of RUSLE from different locations in slope scales, hydrographic basins to regions. This work presents results that the topographic factor (LS-factor) is one of the most relevant in the model, where the greatest loss areas in the state of Goiás are located by their topographic elevations, including: the Serra Dourada de Goiás, the Serra dos Pirineus and the front of the Caiapó cuesta, whose reversals are caused by agriculture and present lower losses, followed by cumulative losses towards river gutters when the slope breaks due to replacement of soil use and cover. Pastures were the areas with the highest losses in the state, but they are necessarily associated with high LS factors, which thus indicate conditioning of potential energy based on what was observed in a region called the Weak or Late Zone.Item Redes de transporte aéreo e escalas de (des)integração territorial em Goiás, Distrito Federal e Tocantins (1930 – 2020)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-03-30) Oliveira, Bruno Carneiro de; Castilho, Denis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4271473426990028; Castilho, Denis; Araújo Sobrinho, Fernando Luiz; Deus, João Batista de; Arrais, Tadeu Alencar; Druciaki, Vinicius PolzinAs most transportation networks in Brazil, the air modal has an unequal configuration by the continental size that the territory has. Regionally, Goiás, The Federal District and Tocantins are part of this totality in a process of incomplete air integration due to factors related to state policies and actions of economic agents. However, the development that occurred in this region we have named as Mid-North of Brazil for this sector has as main vectors the actions of the Brazilian State. This paper proposes to describe and analyze the trajectory of air transport in these federative units between the years 1930 to 2020, considering the context of the evolution of air transport in the world, the institutional organization and the actions of the State that enabled the new possibilities of connection and reduction of time to multiple locations. The work is organized into four sections: the first, discusses technical networks and circulation in articulation with air transport; the secondhighlights the conceptions about what it means to "fly" to humanity and the historicization of air transport worldwide and Brazil; the third discusses the Middle-North of Goiás and the relationship with the air modal and policies concerning; and the fourth, discusses the restructuring of the sector and analyzes the flow of passengers and goods in the federative units under study. The methodological procedures were based on: research and bibliographic review on technical networks, circulation, territorial formation of Goiás, Federal District, Tocantins and respective capitals, air transport and various legislation on the subject; collection and treatment of secondary data in databases such as IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) and ANAC (National Civil Aviation Agency); realization of thematic maps from the previous stage; and analysis that sought to evidence the existing relationships between air transport and the spatial and time clippings studied. By the division of the Territory of Brazil and consequent construction of novel places of power (Goiânia, Brasília and Palmas) there are infrastructure incentives to increase the flow of goods and people. New aviation-related landlines emerge alongside spaces hierarchized by industrial and agricultural production, new business command centers and service concentration and, recently, tourist regions. The technical aviation networks promote the movement of goods and people in localities of Goiás, The Federal District and Tocantins, which previously prioritized the Brazilian southeast and currently allows a global integration. Thus, we noticed the different integration scales over these 80 years of period. Therefore, the State was and continues to be the main actor of this process through (dis)nationalizations, concessions and legislations that serve certain private actors, which impact the project of management of the national territory and economic and infrastructure integration.