Industrialização e políticas governamentais: dispersão e concentração da indústria em Anápolis, Goiás
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2023-08-23
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This research has os its centrais theme the industrialization process developed in Goiás under
the aegis of the State and how this reverberated in the Anapoli industry. Anápolis, thanks to
the logistical potential it occupies in the regional and national space of Goiás, has enjoyed
significant economic growth throughout its history. When analyzing this process, above all, the
industrial evolution of the municipality, it is clear that it presented and still presents close
convergence with the industrialization process that occurred in the state and in the country.
Anápolis, over time, adapted to the demands and changes that occurred in the state and
national economy, given the articulation of spaces in the regional division of labor. This led to
changes in the roles played by Anápolis in the Goiás scene over time. What can be observed
when analyzing the industrialization process that took place in this city, where two categories
of industries were established: dispersed and concentrated. Denominations directly linked to
spatial location and whether or not the State supports it. The literature review allowed us to
observe two industrialization processes. One that began from the beginning of the emergence
of this municipality, based on the transformation of local products and those from neighboring
regions, sometimes to meet the needs of the population, sometimes to process the raw material
to be exported by railway. This emerged timidly, financed by local capital and gained importance
in the regional scenario, making the municipality the most industrialized in Goiás, still in the
1960s. The other began to take shape in 1970, based on the economic condition that Anápolis
achieved in the regional scenario but, above all, in correspondence with the national moment,
marked by industrial deconcentration and in convergence with the industrialization policy that
was beginning to be unleashed by the State. In this process, Anápolis, taking advantage of its
logistical and economic potential in the regional scenario, was chosen to host the first industrial
district in the state, the Anápolis Agroindustrial District – DAIA – opened in 1976. However,
when analyzing the industrialization process of Anápolis, a certain discrepancy was noticed. The
dispersed industry did not evolve in diversity and economic importance and the concentrated
one assumed the importance of this segment in the city, due to the numerous benefits received,
but it is not articulated with the other activities in the municipality and with the profile of the
state. To achieve the results, we looked back at economic history, especially regarding the
industrialization of the city, state and country from the past to the present day. This context
led to the following general objective: to understand how the industrialization of Anápolis
occurred, in the context of national and state policies to promote industrialization, as well as its
current configuration. To achieve this objective, the following methodological procedures were
adopted: bibliographical survey on the evolution of the Anapoli industrialization process;
theoretical review regarding Brazilian and Goiás industrialization; collection of secondary
socioeconomic data; documentary survey of Anapoli industries, field research and production of
thematic maps. The results made it possible to identify and characterize the dispersed and
concentrated industries in Anápolis, as well as their importance for the municipality's economy.
Finally, it can be seen that the fiscal incentives of industrialization policies applied in the
municipality have limited scope in promoting the diversification and strengthening of the
Anapolina industry, favoring industries with external capital and located in DAIA, to the
detriment of industries with local capital, based in other regions of the municipality, these less
capital intensive and with greater capacity to generate employment and consequently income
for the population.