Filmes biodegradáveis: elaboração e validação em maracujá silvestre produzido para utilização na agricultura familiar
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2021-02-22
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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In recent years, there have been several studies known as "State of the Art". Thus, the objective of
Chapter II was to build the State of the Art on coatings for post-harvest fruit. To this end, searches
were carried out in research bases (Google Academic, Scielo and Science Direct) of the last nine
years (2011-2019). After investigating these articles, 160 scientific works were retrieved on these
bases. After reading the abstracts, articles that did not contemplate the main objective of the study
were discarded, thus leaving 92 articles. After selection, the keywords and their respective years
were counted. The data were demonstrated by means of groupings visualized through principal
component analysis (PCA), using the Euclidean distance matrix. It is concluded that the most
researched themes are: To prepare a coating with the ideal concentration of food and that it does
not have microorganisms in it is constitution. In addition, the theoretical gaps in this theme are in
the improvement of new renewable materials that will be used as raw materials for coatings. The
use of packaging from polymers derived from petroleum generates an accelerated generation of
waste because they are not biodegradable, is an alternative solution to the use of biodegradable
packaging. Therefore, the objective of Chapter III was to characterize and identify the best
artisanal formulation of biodegradable films based on starch for application in small fruit
productions. In the first stage, was evaluated four sources of starch as raw material for preparation
of biodegradable film focusing on use in small productions of fruit. The design used was
completely randomized, with four treatments and five repetitions. In the second stage, for
formulating the film, the raw material with the best performance was used in stage 1 (in two
concentrations) associated with two concentrations of glycerol. The experiment was conducted in a
completely randomized design, in a 2x2 factorial scheme (grams of the best raw material from step
1 x grams of glycerin), with five replications. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and
the means were compared using the Scott-knott test. It considered a probability of 5% for all tests
mentioned. Among the starches evaluated (Stage 1), the one that showed the best results was the
film based on sour powder with better visual aspect in electron microscopy, less water activity and
greater solubility in water. As for the best formulation of the mixture (Stage 2), the ideal
concentration was composed of 2g of sour powder and 0.08g of glycerin as a plasticizer, in
addition to 0.03g of cinnamon as an antimicrobial agent in 100mL of filtered water. This
formulation showed a better visual aspect in the formation of the film, less water activity and better
flexibility, in addition to rapid biodegradability. The use of biopolymers, such as starches from
different sources, has attracted the attention of research in recent years for the production of
packaging, mainly due to it is biodegradability. In this context, the chapter IV evaluated the
efficiency of the biodegradable coating based on sour starch in the conservation and maintenance
of the postharvest quality of wild passion fruit 'BRS Pérola do Cerrado'. Thereunto, a completely
randomized design in a 5x8 factorial scheme (packages x days of analysis) was used, with three
replications, containing 3 fruits each. The data were submitted to multivariate analysis, with the
statistical test of PERMANOVA at 5% probability and subsequently demonstrated by means of
grouping visualized by means of principal component analysis (PCA), using the Euclidean distance
matrix. The use of biodegradable coating in postharvest conservation of wild passion fruit was
efficient because it reduced the mass loss, presented lower values of peel firmness, decreased the
titratable acidity and promoted greater fruit yield. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of
sustainable coatings is beneficial in replacing synthetic packaging. The act of evaluating the
diffusion of an innovation is extremely important and certainly surpasses the advent of innovation.
Therefore, the objective of chapter V was to evaluate the spread of the use of biodegradable
coating to family farmers in State of Goiás, Brazil. Qualitative research was carried out through
questionnaires in 20 rural properties in the municipality of Jaraguá - GO, in two stages: stage 1 in
January 2019; stage 2 in July 2019. The data were submitted to multivariate analysis, by means of
cluster analysis, organized in a dendrogram type graph, using the Jaccard distance matrix and the
complete link cluster technique (most distant neighbor). Under the conditions in which the work
was carried out, there was low acceptance and diffusion of the use of biodegradable coating by
family farmers, due to the fact that they have a low level of education, do not use technology, as
well as irrigation or machinery, in addition their properties are distant (>10km) from urban centers.
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VESPUCCI, I. L. Filmes biodegradáveis: elaboração e validação em maracujá silvestre produzido para utilização na agricultura familiar. 2021. 120 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronegócio) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2021.