Os franciscanos e o poder régio em Portugal no século XV: a oficialização da assistência no reinado de D. João II (1438-1445)
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2013-04-12
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The intention of this research is to expose the political and assistencialist relations that
occurred between the Franciscan Order and the king of Portugal D. João II (1481-1495).
The geographic field of analysis is Portugal. The period of time is the fifteenth century.
We used hagiographic and laic sources and a specific bibliography to help us
understand the goal proposed above. We positively established that the relations
between Franciscans and the Portuguese kings started when the friars arrived in
Portugal during D. Afonso II’s reign (1211-1223). After a short period of time the
Portuguese monarchy and the friars became closer and the Franciscans began to enjoy a
better position than the other Mendicant Orders inside the Court. The social and
economic context of the period shows the increase of poverty and the development of
the cities. On this scenario the Franciscans became a reference on the treatment of the
poor with their assistencialism and charity work. Supported by the Misericórdias
system that involved hospitals, gafarias, asylums and fraternal groups the Franciscan
Order expanded and helped beggars and indigents. This assistance aided to mitigate the
pressure created by the poverty and the social and economic differences. The friars
served as links between the sacred and profane because of their way of living. Their
charity practice served as a manner to reach eternal salvations. The individualized
aspects of their religious practice and their charisma and knowledge identified the
Franciscans with the needs and the historical context of the Portuguese medieval
society. In D. João II’s reign the Friars Minor had the chance to reach new levels of
political influence. During the production of royal testaments, the king had a Franciscan
by his side. We believe that the important decision to officialize the assistance through
the Hospital Real de Todos os Santos’ construction by the perfect prince was related to
the experience that the king had with the mendicant practices since his childhood. This
hospital was an important move and the beginning of a new paradigm that would be
followed by the rulers in the next centuries.
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BRANDÃO, João Bosco Ferreira. Os franciscanos e o poder régio em Portugal no século XV: a oficialização da assistência no reinado de D. João II. 2013. 169 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2013.