Conhecimento e letramento funcional em saúde de pacientes em tratamento pré-dialítico de um hospital de ensino
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2014-09-26
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Caring for those who have chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been limited to the proper handling of the kidney disease symptomatogly, underestimating the attention demands in the initial stages of the illness. Clear, individualized and specific information about the infirmity and prognosis are essential to slow and/or prevent the dialysis treatment. However, people who suffer chronic illnesses have difficulties obtaining information, and also in turning the health information into knowledge, which means they have limited Functional Health Literacy (FHL). There are no evidences about the competence in FHL of the people who have chronic kidney disease regarding predialysis treatment, as well as about the influence of this competence on the knowledge concerning the disease in this stage. This study aimed to analyse the health literacy and the knowledge of the patients in predialysis treatment about the CKD. Transversal study done with 60 people suffering with chronic kidney disease in predialysis situation, treated at a teaching hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, between 2013-2014. To collect data we used the tool of Canhestro (2010) to measure knowledge, the Brazilian version of the Brief Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (B-THOFLA) to identify the FHL and a sociodemographic and clinic instrument. The sociodemographic variables were presented through simple descriptive statistics. Tests for correlations of Pearson and Chi-squared and models of linear regression were applied to find the connections among the variables. Most of the interviewed people were female, age average 62,17±14,66 years old, in the third and fourth stages of CKD (67%) and had and average time of treatment in the nephrology ambulatory of 59,55±51,00 months. All the interviewed people presented insufficient health literacy, with an average of right answers of the itens of 30,85±13,01. The majority (57,70%) presented insufficient knowledge about their disease and treatment. Worse levels of education were a predictive factor for worse scores in FHL, and the insufficient knowledge was linked to aging and cognitive compromise. We could not observe association between the worst scores of knowledge and the ones of functional health literacy. The conclusion is that the chronic renal patients presented an inadequate level of functional health literacy and insufficient knowledge concerning the treatment of the CKD and the disease itself. These results may help the creation of educational programs for people with CKD, in order to facilitate the access and the understanding of the information related to health, and therefore make it possible for people to take proper decisions about their wellness.
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MORAES, K. L. Conhecimento e letramento funcional em saúde de pacientes em tratamento pré-dialítico de um hospital de ensino. 2014. 129. Dissertação (Mestrado em Enfermagem) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.